ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract Crocodilians are susceptible to a range of virus infection including influenza A virus (IAV). However, little is known about the ecology and epidemiology of IAV in crocodile species. This study aimed to investigate IAV infection in farmed Siamese crocodiles in central Thailand . We collected plasma samples and pharyngeal swab samples from Siamese crocodiles residing in 13 crocodile farms in 9 provinces of central Thailand during 2019. Additional archival plasma samples of Siamese crocodiles collected in 2012 and 2018 were also included in the study. Plasma samples were screened for influenza A antibodies by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and positive were evaluated by a cytopathic effect/hemagglutination based- microneutralization (MN) assay . Swab samples were tested for influenza viral RNA by a real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the influenza matrix (M) gene. Among 246 tested plasma samples, the overall seroprevalence of antibodies against IAV in farmed Siamese croco...

Abstract Recent outbreaks of influenza A(H5N1) have affected many mammal species . We report serologic evidence of H5N1 virus infection in horses in Mongolia . Because H3N8 equine influenza virus is endemic in many countries, horses should be monitored to prevent reassortment between equine and avian influenza viruses with unknown consequences. Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-1266_article _____

Abstract Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is endemic worldwide and causes immunosuppression in chickens . We hypothesized that a previous history of IBDV in chickens would render them more susceptible to infection by influenza A viruses (IAVs) from aquatic waterfowl reservoirs . To model this, we inoculated 14 day old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens with a low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus strain from a mallard ( A/Mallard/Alberta/156/01 (H3N8) ) and compared replication and shedding between immunocompetent chickens and chickens that had immune dysregulation due to a prior IBDV infection with strain F52/70 (genogroup A1B1) at 2 days of age. The mallard IAV strain replicated in the upper respiratory tract of the chickens , and virus was shed from the oropharyngeal cavity , but there was no shedding from the cloaca , and no transmission to sentinel chickens . Replication of the mallard IAV in the chicken host was associated with amino acid substitutions in the po...