ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract The ecological factors that led to the 1918 influenza pandemic remain unknown. We hypothesise that horses acted as intermediate hosts spreading a pre-pandemic avian-origin virus before 1918. This is supported by reports describing a large epizootic of unusually severe equine influenza beginning in 1915. Furthermore, the high horse demand during WWI resulted in one of the biggest equine mobilisations in North America between 1914 and 1918. This extensive movement of horses provided abundant opportunities for virus reassortment between pre-pandemic avian and human influenza viruses. Archived equine tissues or serum samples will be needed to test this hypothesis. Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases,  https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiaf197/8115353?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false ____

 <Outbreaks 1-3> In early April, Livestock Hygiene Service Centres (LHSCs) in Kumamoto Prefecture received notifications from farmers with animals presenting clinical signs and collected samples. On 8 April, the LHSCs confirmed positive for Equine Influenza by RT-PCR. Genotyping is currently underway. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6420 ____

Abstract Recent outbreaks of influenza A(H5N1) have affected many mammal species . We report serologic evidence of H5N1 virus infection in horses in Mongolia . Because H3N8 equine influenza virus is endemic in many countries, horses should be monitored to prevent reassortment between equine and avian influenza viruses with unknown consequences. Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-1266_article _____

Virus untyped. Unspecified domestic equidae species in South Darfur. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6097 ___