ETIDIOH - NEW

  Summary Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping infectious disease diagnostics by supporting clinical decision making , optimising laboratory and clinical workflows, and enabling real-time disease surveillance. AI approaches improve pathogen detection, antimicrobial stewardship , and treatment monitoring , enhancing diagnostic accuracy , efficiency, and scalability. The role of AI in combating antimicrobial resistance is particularly significant, enabling rapid pathogen identification and personalised treatment . Despite progress over the past two decades, widespread AI adoption in infectious disease diagnostics faces challenges. In high-income countries, fragmented data ecosystems , incomplete datasets , and algorithmic bias hinder clinical integration. Meanwhile, low-income and middle-income countries contend with limited digital infrastructure, unstandardised data, and financial constraints, exacerbating disparities in diagnostic access. Further barriers include concerns ove...

Abstract The repeated emergence of pandemic viruses underscores the linkages between land-use change and wildlife disease , and urban-adapted wildlife are of special interest due to their close proximity to humans . However, viral diversity within urban-adapted species and their zoonotic potential remain largely unexplored. We compiled a large dataset on seven priority urban-adapted mammal species and their viruses covering over 115 countries from 1574 to 2023. These urban-adapted species host 286 virus species spanning 24 orders and 38 families , 14 of which are potentially high risk for human infection. Raccoons carried the most high-risk viruses, while raccoon dogs had increased viral positivity in urban habitats compared to raccoons, wild boars , and red foxes . Many viruses in urban-adapted species were phylogenetically related to those found in humans, and we also observed evidence of possible viral spillback . These results highlight zoonotic risks associated with urban-adapted ...