ETIDIOH - NEW

Summary Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for COVID-19 was thoroughly assessed during the first pandemic wave , but data on subsequent waves are limited. We aimed to investigate in-hospital and 6-month survival of patients with COVID-19 supported with ECMO from the second pandemic wave (Sept 15, 2020) until the end of the pandemic (March 21, 2023, announced by WHO). Methods EuroECMO-COVID is a prospective, observational study including adults (aged ≥16 years) requiring ECMO respiratory support for COVID-19 from 98 centres in 21 countries. We compared patient characteristics and outcomes between in-hospital survivors and non-survivors. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regressions were used to investigate factors linked to in-hospital mortality. 6-month survival and overall patient status were determined via patient contact or chart review. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04366921, and is complete. Findings We included 3860 patients (2687 [69·...

Abstract Antigenic variability among influenza virus strains poses a significant challenge to developing broadly protective , long-lasting vaccines . Current annual vaccines target specific strains, requiring accurate prediction for effective neutralization. Despite sequence diversity across phylogenetic groups, the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain's structure remains highly conserved. Utilizing this conservation, we designed cross-group chimeric HAs that combine antigenic surfaces from distant strains. By structure-guided transplantation of receptor-binding site (RBS) residues, we displayed an H3 RBS on an H1 HA scaffold . These chimeric immunogens elicit cross-group polyclonal responses capable of neutralizing both base and distal strains. Additionally, the chimeras integrate heterotrimeric immunogens, enhancing modular vaccine design. This approach enables the inclusion of diverse strain segments to generate broad polyclonal responses. In the future, such modular immunogens may se...

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  Antiviral Res INOUE A, Ichikawa T, Wada D, Maruyama S, et al M49L and other drug resistance mutations emerging in individuals after administration of ensitrelvir in Japanese clinical settings. Antiviral Res. 2025;236:106118. PubMed           Abstract available ZIAN D, Iaconis D, Nenci S, Crusco A, et al The Efficiency of High-Throughput Screening (HTS) and in-silico data analysis during medical emergencies: identification of effective antiviral 3CLpro inhibitors. Antiviral Res. 2025 Feb 18:106119. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106119. PubMed           Abstract available Clin Infect Dis LUETKEMEYER AF, Chew KW, Lacey S, Hughes MD, et al Ensitrelvir for the Treatment of Nonhospitalized Adults with COVID-19: Results from the SCORPIO-HR, Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 17:ciaf029. doi: 10.1093. PubMed       ...

  Antiviral Res SCHREIBER A, Ludwig S Host-targeted antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical development - Prospect or disappointment? Antiviral Res. 2025;235:106101. PubMed           Abstract available WU Q, Wu H, Hu Y, Zheng X, et al Immune evasion of Omicron variants JN.1, KP.2, and KP.3 to the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients. Antiviral Res. 2025 Jan 24:106092. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106092. PubMed           Abstract available XU M, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Mai H, et al IgA class switching enhances neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 by increased antibody hinge flexibility. Antiviral Res. 2025 Jan 17:106082. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106082. PubMed           Abstract available Biochemistry LEE S, Yan S, Dey A, Laederach A, et al A Cascade of Conformational Switches in SARS-CoV-2 Frame...

Abstract Influenza viruses are highly capable of mutating and adapting in mammalian hosts . While these viruses have been extensively studied in birds, research on their presence in bats has been limited. However, influenza viruses circulating in bats have shown notable molecular divergence . The present study aimed to characterize the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and antigenic relationships of an influenza A virus detected in the fishing bat Noctilio albiventris . As part of a pathogen surveillance study of public health interest, 159 rectal samples were collected from bats in the Colombian Caribbean . The samples were sequenced using RNA-Seq. A genome (eight viral contigs) associated with the Orthomyxoviridae family was identified in a pool. Most segments showed approximately 90% similarity with H18N11, except for the neuraminidase. Analysis of the N protein shows that occupies a basal position relative to the N11 subtype, with its divergence date estimated to be approximately 50 year...

{Summary} 1 Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgency of ensuring that the world is prepared for the next major respiratory pathogen pandemic (1). Corresponding with World Health Assembly resolutions WHA58 .5 (2) and WHA74.7 (3), WHO is committed to supporting Member States with pandemic preparedness planning through the provision of guidance and technical assistance . Following on from the PRET Global Meeting in April 2023, WHO has finalized guidance on Preparedness and resilience for emerging threats (PRET) module (1): planning for respiratory pathogen pandemics. This module acknowledges that similar systems and capacities can be used to prevent, prepare for and respond to different respiratory pathogens. The module (4) has three overarching objectives: - to guide countries and partners in developing or updating their integrated approach to respiratory pathogen pandemic preparedness for equitable and robust response; - to focus attention on the actions needed to stre...