ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract In July 2025, China witnessed its most significant chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak since 2010. As of August 1, with over 6,000 cases reported in Foshan city, Guangdong Province . Although the clinical manifestations have been relatively mild , the rapid transmission within communities warrants our attention. In this context, we emphasize our current knowledge and the necessary actions to take. Specifically, we identify critical gaps in CHIKV control efforts and assess the effectiveness of current measures. These include vector management strategies , viral genomic surveillance , the deployment of newly approved vaccines , and the development of antiviral agents . Overall, to effectively control the epidemic of CHIKV, we require a comprehensive and multifaceted strategy for its prevention and management. Source: PLoS Pathogens,  https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1013556 ____

  {Excerpt} Avian influenza A(H9N2) :  -- Guangdong Province : - 1) An individual with onset on May 28, 2025.  -- Hubei Province :  - 2) An individual with onset on June 21, 2025.  (...) Source: Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong PRC SAR,  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/resources/29/332.html ____

 {Excerpt} {Avian Influenza H9N2 Human Cases in China} -- Mainland China:  2 cases (0 death)  - Avian influenza A(H9N2):  * Guangdong Province :  - A 72-year-old woman with onset on December 26, 2024.  - A 56-year-old woman with onset on January 20, 2025.  (...) Source: Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong PRC SAR,  https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2025_avian_influenza_report_vol21_wk07.pdf ____

Abstract Background :  In 2024, mainland China witnessed a significant upsurge in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) cases. Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the primary causative agents of HFMD. Long-term monitoring of theCVA16 infection rate and genotype changes is crucial for the prevention and control of HFMD.  Methods :  A total of 40,673 clinical specimens were collected from suspected HFMD cases in Guangdong province from 2018 to 2024, including rectal swabs (n = 27,954), throat swabs (n = 6791), stool (n = 5923), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 3), and herpes fluid (n = 2). A total of 24,410 samples were detected as EV-positive and further typed by RT-PCR. A total of 872 CVA16-positive samples were isolated and further sequenced to obtain the full-length VP1 sequence. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on viral protein 1 gene (VP1).  Results :  In the first 25 weeks of 2024 , reported cases of HFMD were 1.36 times higher than the mean rates of 2023 ...