ETIDIOH - NEW

ABSTRACT As companion animals, dogs are susceptible to various subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV), with the H3N2 and H3N8 subtypes of canine influenza virus (CIV) stably circulating among canines . Compared to the H3N8 CIV, the H3N2 CIV is more widely prevalent in canine populations and demonstrates increased adaptability to mammals , potentially facilitating cross-species transmission . Therefore, a comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms underlying H3N2 CIV adaptation to mammals is imperative. In this study, we serially passaged the GD14-WT strain in murine lungs , successfully establishing a lethal H3N2 CIV infection model . From this model, we isolated the lethal strain GD14-MA and identified the key lethal mutations PA(S184N) and PB2(E627K). Moreover, the GD14-ma[PA(S184N)+PB2(E627K)] strain exhibited markedly enhanced pathogenicity in dogs . Viral titers in lung tissues from infected dogs and mice showed that GD14-ma[PA(S184N)+PB2(E627K)] does not increase its pathogenicity ...

  {Excerpt} Time Period: March 23, 2025 - March 29, 2025 -- H5 Detection :  9 sites ( 2.2% ) -- No Detection :  400 sites ( 97.8% ) -- No samples in last week :  228 sites (...) Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html ____

{England} Backyard flock of 40 chickens. Increased mortality and other clinical signs were reported. Samples tested positive for HPAI H5N1. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6401 ____

Summary Background The substantial burden of post-COVID-19 condition (also known as long COVID) underscores the need for effective pharmacological interventions. Given that viral persistence has been hypothesised as a potential cause of long COVID, antiviral therapy might offer a promising approach to alleviating long COVID symptoms. We therefore investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for treating long COVID. Methods In this phase 2, decentralised, double-blind, randomised controlled trial , adults (aged ≥18 years) from the 48 states across the contiguous USA, with previous documented SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID symptoms starting within 4 weeks of initial infection and persisting for at least 12 weeks, were eligible for inclusion. Key exclusion criteria were use of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir within the previous 2 months, CYP3A4-dependent medications, or strong CYP3A4 inducers; acute medical illness such as SARS-CoV-2 infection within the past ...

Abstract Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus carrying an I38N substitution was detected in an untreated teenager in Japan . The I38N mutant virus exhibited reduced susceptibility to baloxavir but remained susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and showed reduced growth capability . Monitoring antiviral drug susceptibility of influenza viruses is necessary to aid public health planning and clinical recommendations. Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/5/24-1123_article ____

Abstract In February 2023, the government of Equatorial Guinea declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease . We describe the response structure and epidemiologic characteristics , including case-patient demographics, clinical manifestations, risk factors , and the serial interval and timing of symptom onset, treatment seeking, and recovery or death . We identified 16 laboratory-confirmed and 23 probable cases of Marburg virus disease in 5 districts and noted several unlinked chains of transmission and a case-fatality ratio of 90% (35/39 cases). Transmission was concentrated in family clusters and healthcare settings . The median serial interval was 18.5 days ; most transmission occurred during late-stage disease . Rapid isolation of symptomatic case-patients is critical in preventing transmission and improving patient outcomes; community engagement and surveillance strengthening should be prioritized in emerging outbreaks. Further analysis of this outbreak and a One Health surveillan...