ETIDIOH - NEW

  Summary Background Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Accurate cancer burden information is crucial for policy planning , but many countries do not have up-to-date cancer surveillance data. To inform global cancer-control efforts, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework to generate and analyse estimates of cancer burden for 47 cancer types or groupings by age, sex, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, cancer burden attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2023, and forecasted cancer burden up to 2050. Methods Cancer estimation in GBD 2023 used data from population-based cancer registration systems , vital registration systems, and verbal autopsies. Cancer mortality was estimated using ensemble models , with incidence informed by mortality estimates and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Prevalence estimates were generated from modelled survival estimates, then multiplied by disability weig...

Abstract The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and staging in an Eastern-European country . This retrospective study included 11,635 breast cancer patients and clients presenting between March 2019 and March 2022. Patients were categorized into pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic groups . Data included age, sex, pathology, tumor characteristics (histologic type, grade, ER/PR/HER2 status), and TNM staging . Statistical analysis compared these parameters across the three-time intervals. During the pandemic, breast cancer diagnosis decreased significantly compared to the pre-pandemic period (9.1% vs. 13.17%, p < 0.001) but increased post-pandemic (11%, p = 0.013). Invasive ductal carcinoma of non-special type (IDC-NST) was predominant in all three-time periods. Aggressive tumors (Nottingham grade 3, ER negative) increased during the pandemic and post-pandemic times . Molecular subtypes showed variations ac...

ABSTRACT Tumors of infectious origin globally represent 13%. Oncogenic DNA viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are responsible for approximately 60% of these tumors . These oncoviruses are extensively studied to understand their role in cancer development, particularly through viral genome integration into the host DNA . Retroviruses require integration mediated by viral integrase for persistence, whereas DNA oncoviruses do not need integration for replication ; instead, integration occurs incidentally. This process often targets fragile sites in the human genome, causing structural rearrangements that disrupt genes, activate proto-oncogenes, and increase genomic instability , all contributing to tumorigenesis. Integration near promoter regions and active genes is closely linked to carcinogenesis, highlighting its importance in developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes viral integration’s role ...

Abstract Colorectal cancer incidence rates vary geographically and have changed over time1 . Notably, in the past two decades, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer , affecting individuals under the age of 50 years, has doubled in many countries2-5. The reasons for this increase are unknown . Here, we investigate whether mutational processes contribute to geographic and age-related differences by examining 981 colorectal cancer genomes from 11 countries . No major differences were found in microsatellite unstable cancers, but variations in mutation burden and signatures were observed in the 802 microsatellite-stable cases. Multiple signatures, most with unknown etiologies , exhibited varying prevalence in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Russia , and Thailand , indicating geographically diverse levels of mutagenic exposure. Signatures SBS88 and ID18, caused by the bacteria-produced mutagen colibactin 6,7, had higher mutation loads in countries with higher colorectal cancer inciden...