ETIDIOH - NEW

ABSTRACT As companion animals, dogs are susceptible to various subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV), with the H3N2 and H3N8 subtypes of canine influenza virus (CIV) stably circulating among canines . Compared to the H3N8 CIV, the H3N2 CIV is more widely prevalent in canine populations and demonstrates increased adaptability to mammals , potentially facilitating cross-species transmission . Therefore, a comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms underlying H3N2 CIV adaptation to mammals is imperative. In this study, we serially passaged the GD14-WT strain in murine lungs , successfully establishing a lethal H3N2 CIV infection model . From this model, we isolated the lethal strain GD14-MA and identified the key lethal mutations PA(S184N) and PB2(E627K). Moreover, the GD14-ma[PA(S184N)+PB2(E627K)] strain exhibited markedly enhanced pathogenicity in dogs . Viral titers in lung tissues from infected dogs and mice showed that GD14-ma[PA(S184N)+PB2(E627K)] does not increase its pathogenicity ...

WASHINGTON, January 17, 2025—As part of its ongoing, multi-faceted efforts to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) today is updating its policy for pre-slaughter surveillance to enhance testing of turkey flocks in affected states .  In late December 2024, APHIS became aware of a genetic link between turkeys potentially infected with HPAI H5N1, virus detected in raw pet food, and an infected household cat . Out of an abundance of caution, and to remove a potential avenue for ongoing disease spread as well as to bolster consumer and trading partner confidence, APHIS collaborated with state animal health officials and the poultry industry to update its guidance for existing pre-slaughter surveillance steps to further ensure that affected poultry does not enter the food system. APHIS will continue to report confirmed HPAI detections to the World Organisation for Animal Health and on the APHIS website (m...

January 17, 2025 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that it is necessary for manufacturers of cat and dog foods who are covered by the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act Preventive Controls for Animal Food (PCAF) rule and using uncooked or unpasteurized materials derived from poultry or cattle (e.g., uncooked meat, unpasteurized milk or unpasteurized eggs) to reanalyze their food safety plans to include Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus (specifically H5N1) as a known or reasonably foreseeable hazard .  Furthermore, the FDA is issuing this update to ensure that cat and dog food manufacturers are aware of information about the new H5N1 hazard associated with their pet food products, which is an additional reason that manufacturers must conduct a reanalysis of their food safety plans. The FDA is tracking cases of H5N1 in domestic and wild cats in California, Colorado, Oregon and Washington State that are associated with eating contaminated food products.  S...

Abstract Influenza A is a zoonotic disease that affects dogs, pigs, horses, poultry, and birds . In this report, a meta-analysis according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was conducted. Studies of influenza A viruses in dogs providing prevalence or seroprevalence in any location worldwide were included. The results in this study show that the seroprevalence for the H3N8 influenza subtype was 7.96% (95% CI: 2.03–16.8, p < 0.001), for the H3N2 subtype was 7.44% (95% CI: 4.51–10.5, p < 0.001), and for the H1N1 subtype was 3.10% (95% CI: 0.890–6.01, p < 0.001). In the case of the prevalence analysis, a prevalence of 0.395% (95% CI: 0.160–2.44) for the H3N8 subtype. For the H3N2 subtype, a prevalence of 17.8% (95% CI: 6.66–32.6, p < 0.001) was found. No publication bias was observed in the studies evaluating seroprevalence in the H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes. In the H3N8 subtype, Begg’s test indicated publication bias, but Egger’s test sh...