ETIDIOH - NEW

{Summary} Situation at a glance Since late 2023, Morocco has been experiencing a widespread measles outbreak . Cases have been recorded across all regions of the country, particularly among children and people who are unvaccinated . In response, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (MOHSP), in collaboration with relevant sectors, activated the National Center for Public Health Emergency Operations , launched urgent catch-up vaccination campaigns , and strengthened surveillance, case management, and risk communication and community engagement efforts. Measles is a highly transmissible viral disease that can lead to severe complications and death. While Morocco has made significant progress toward measles elimination, the disease remains endemic in the country. The overall risk is assessed as moderate at the national level and moderate at the regional level , particularly given the risk of cross-border transmission in areas with low vaccination coverage. (...) Source: World Healt...

  {Excerpt} Avian influenza A(H9N2) :  -- New Cases (New Deaths): 8 (0)  - Chongqing Municipality :  - 1) A 67-year-old man with onset on April 18, 2025.  - Guizhou Province :  - 2)  A one-year-old girl with onset on April 7, 2025.  - 3) A one-year-old girl with onset on April 15, 2025.  - Hunan Province :  - 4) A five-year-old boy with onset on April 1, 2025. - 5) A seven-year-old girl with onset on April 1, 2025.  - 6) A one-year-old girl with onset on April 3, 2025.  - 7) A five-year-old boy with onset on April 19, 2025 - Yunnan Province : - 8) A one-year-old girl with onset on April 2, 2025 Avian influenza A(H10N3) :  - Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region :  - 1) A 68-year-old woman with onset on April 13, 2025.  (...) Source: Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong PRC SAR,  https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2025_avian_influenza_report_vol21_wk19.pdf ____

The affected population are ducks grazing in a rice field situated within Camaligan, Camarines Sur where they may have come into contact with wild birds carrying the virus. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6473 ____

Summary Background Malaysia is one of the southeast Asian countries hardest hit by dengue . We implemented a proactive integrated vector management (IVM) approach in a large non-blinded, cluster-randomised controlled trial to quantify its effectiveness on dengue incidence in urban settings. Methods In this cluster-randomised controlled trial we enrolled low-cost and medium-cost residential housing blocks in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya with recurrent dengue outbreaks. Of the 329 eligible sites, 139 were randomly allocated to receive IVM measures (community engagement, targeted outdoor residual spraying using K-Othrine Polyzone , and deployment of autodissemination devices to target both larval and adult mosquitoes) and 141 received routine vector control activities, stratified by block housing cost. The primary outcome was the comparison of dengue incidence between the two groups using information provided by the national e-Dengue surveillance system. Routine vec...

Abstract Nipah virus, a zoonotic pathogen, can cause debilitating disease and death in humans. Currently, countermeasures are limited , with several in various stages of testing but none yet FDA-approved for human use. Evaluation of countermeasure candidates requires safety testing in humans, as well as efficacy testing against lethal challenge in animal models . Herein, we describe the characterization and comparison of the intraperitoneal and intranasal Syrian golden hamster models for Nipah virus strains Malaysia and Bangladesh . Overall, the intraperitoneal route of exposure resulted in a more consistent lethal outcome, regardless of virus strain. Therefore, the IP model was subsequently used to evaluate the use of Favipiravir as a potential positive control for future studies investigating NiV countermeasures. In contrast to prior reported results regarding Favipiravir in Nipah virus-infected hamsters, Favipiravir was only fifty percent effective at preventing death following leth...

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus emerged in lactating dairy cattle in March 2024, causing mastitis-related disease and infections in other farm animals and workers . Recent work identified α2,6 and α2,3-linked sialic acids (SA), which serve as influenza virus receptors, in the lactating bovine mammary gland ; however, their distribution across stages of mammary growth and development remains unknown. We compared the distribution of tissue sialylation in mammary glands of prepubertal dairy calves , pregnant dairy heifers , and lactating cows . Mammary glands at all physiological stages expressed both α2,6 SA, the preferred receptor linkage for human influenza viruses, and α2,3 SA, the preferred receptor linkage for avian influenza viruses. Importantly, mammary glands of pregnant dairy heifers exhibited the highest overall expression of α2,3 SA, observed in both tissue and alveolar lumens. Our results suggest that pregnant dairy heifers, like lactating dair...