ETIDIOH - NEW

  • New human cases {2}:  -- From 20 December 2025 to 22 January 2026 , based on reporting date, the detection of A(H9N2) in three humans was reported officially.  • Circulation of influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals :  -- High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) events in poultry and non-poultry animal species continue to be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).{3}  -- The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also provides a global update on avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.{4}  -- Additionally, low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses as well as swine influenza viruses continue to circulate in animal populations.  • Risk assessment {5}:  -- Sustained human to human transmission has not been reported associated with the above-mentioned human infection events.  -- Based on information available at the time of this risk assessment update, the overall public hea...

  {Excerpt} 26 January 2026 Situation at a glance On 26 January 2026, the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia declared the end of the Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak .  This declaration came after two consecutive incubation periods (a total of 42 days) since the last person confirmed with MVD died and was given a safe and dignified burial, in accordance with WHO recommendations on 14 December 2025.  As of 25 January 2026, a cumulative total of 19 cases, including 14 confirmed (including nine deaths ) and five probable cases ( all deaths ), were reported.  A total of 857 contacts listed for monitoring all had completed their 21-day follow-up as of 25 January 2026.  WHO, through its country office and partners, provided technical, operational and financial support to the government to contain this outbreak. Description of the situation On 14 November 2025, after the laboratory confirmation of suspected viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) cases in Jinka town, South Ethio...

  Highlights • All clades of monkeypox virus (MPXV) continue to circulate.  - Unless mpox outbreaks are rapidly contained and human-to-human transmission is interrupted, there is a risk of sustained community transmission .   • At the time of reporting, data from the WHO European Region for December 2025 had not yet been submitted; therefore, the information presented below does not include the European Region .  • In December 2025 , 31 countries across five WHO regions (European Region excluded) reported a total of 1040 new confirmed mpox cases , including six deaths (case fatality ratio [CFR] 0.6%).  - Of these cases, 78% were reported in the African Region .  - Four regions observed a decline in confirmed cases in December, compared to November 2025, while the Eastern Mediterranean Region reported more cases than the previous month.      • Fifteen countries in Africa reported active transmission of mpox in the last six weeks (7 Decemb...

  Overall Risk statement -- This RRA aims to assess the overall public health risk at the global level posed by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission during 2025, considering the criteria of potential risk for human health , the risk of geographical spread , and the risk of insufficient control capacities with available resources, and the implications for the 2026 transmission season .  -- Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) poses a significant and growing global health risk due to large and widespread regional outbreaks in recent years, climate-driven mosquito expansion , lack of specific treatment , and increasing international travel.  -- While mortality remains relatively low , the CHIKV infection can cause prolonged arthritis with disability as well as  severe illness in some patients.  -- From 1 January to 10 December 2025, 502 264 CHIKV disease cases including  208 335 confirmed cases, and 186 CHIKV deaths , were reported globally.  -- While certain ...

  Situation at a glance Since the beginning of 2025 and as of 21 December 2025, a total of 19 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV), including four deaths have been reported to WHO globally.  Of the 19 cases, 17 were reported by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and two were reported from France .  Between 4 June and 21 December 2025, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of KSA reported a total of seven cases of MERS-CoV infection, including two deaths .  In addition , at the beginning of December 2025, the National IHR Focal Point (IHR NFP) for France also reported two MERS-CoV travel – associated cases ; involving individuals with recent travel to countries in the Arabian Peninsula.  The notification of these latest cases does not change the overall risk assessment , which remains moderate at both the global and regional levels .  These cases show that the virus continues to pose a threat in countries where it is circulating in dromed...

{Summary} Highlights     • All clades of monkeypox virus (MPXV) continue to circulate.  - Unless mpox outbreaks are rapidly contained and human-to-human transmission is interrupted , there is a risk of sustained community transmission .   • In November 2025, 48 countries across all WHO regions reported a total of 2150 new confirmed mpox cases , including five deaths ( case fatality ratio [CFR] 0.2%).  - About 68% of these cases were reported in the African Region .  - Four regions observed a decline in confirmed cases in November, compared to October 2025, while the European and Western Pacific regions reported more cases than the previous month.      • Nineteen countries in Africa reported active transmission of mpox in the last six weeks (2 November– 14 December 2025), with 1435 confirmed cases , including seven deaths (CFR 0.5%).  - Countries reporting the highest number of cases in this period are the Democratic Republic of the ...

  Influenza at the human-animal interface  Summary and risk assessment, from 6 November to 19 December 2025 {1} -- New human cases {1,2}:  - From 6 November to 19 December 2025, based on reporting date , the detection of influenza A( H5N1 ) in one human , A( H5N5 ) in one human , A( H9N2 ) in seven humans , and an influenza A( H1N1 ) variant virus in one human were reported officially.  - In addition , one human case of infection with an influenza A( H1N2 ) variant virus was detected.  -- Circulation of influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals :  - High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) events in poultry and non-poultry animal species continue to be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).{3}  - The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also provides a global update on avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.{4}  - Additionally, low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses as well a...