ETIDIOH - NEW

{Bântéay Méanchey, Preah Netr Preah }  On 12 March 2026, the outbreak investigation team visited a backyard chicken farm following reports of illness and mortality suspected to be caused by Avian Influenza (AI). During the visit, deaths of wild birds were also observed in the area. A total of six chicken samples were collected and submitted to NAHPRI/GDAHP for testing of Avian Influenza (H5N1). Laboratory results confirmed on 16 March 2026 that 4 out of 6 chicken samples tested positive for Avian Influenza (H5N1 ). In addition, 13 wild bird carcasses were collected and submitted for laboratory testing. On 16 March 2026, all wild bird samples were confirmed positive for Avian Influenza (H5N1). {Bântéay Méanchey, Serei Saophoan}  On 25 January 2026 , the outbreak investigation team visited a backyard chicken farm following reports of illness and mortality suspected to be caused by Avian Influenza (AI). Two chicken samples were collected and submitted to NAHPRI/GDAHP for tes...

{Excerpts} Avian Influenza Report - VOLUME 22, NUMBER 11 - Reporting period: March 8, 2026 – March 14, 2026 (Week 11) (Published on March 17, 2026)   (...) -- Date of report :  14/03/2026 -- Country :  Cambodia -- Province / Region District / City :  Banteay Meanchey province, Preah Netr, Preah district -- Sex :  Female -- Age :  45 -- Condition at time of reporting :  Hospitalised -- Subtype of virus : H5N1   (...) Source:  Link:  https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2026_avian_influenza_report_vol22_wk11.pdf ____

  Abstract Background   Tropical low – and middle –income countries are highly vulnerable to zoonoses and vector-borne diseases , with risks amplified by climatic events , environmental change , and limited surveillance capacity. Cambodia is particularly exposed due to its ecological diversity, seasonal flooding , and rapidly changing land use . Globally, however, field based One Health approaches remain under –implemented, limiting practical evidence on how to address these complex threats.  Methods   This protocol describes a longitudinal One Health study conducted in three villages of Battambang province, Cambodia , designed to investigate the prevalence and transmission dynamics of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens at the human –animal –environment interface . The study examines how vector density, diversity, and pathogen circulation are influenced by hydrological variation and seasonality , and assesses the sociodemographic, behavioral, and environment...

  {Automatic translation, edited} Kingdom of Cambodia -  Press Release A Case of Bird Flu in a 45-year-old Woman The Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Cambodia would like to inform the public that there is 1 case of bird flu in a 45-year-old woman who was confirmed to be positive for the H5N1 avian influenza virus on March 14, 2026 by the National Institute of Public Health. The patient resides in Ropai village, Chinu Meanchey commune, Preah Net Preah district, Banteay Meanchey province , and there were reports of sick and dead chickens in the village .  On the same day, the patient was placed in isolation at the hospital and was treated with Tamiflu and received careful care from the medical team.  Upon inquiry, it was revealed that the patient raised chickens and ducks , including some sick and dead chickens. 3 days before testing positive, she had come into contact with the dead chicken. The National and Sub-National Health Ministry's Emergency Response Team ha...

{Excerpt} Avian Influenza Report - Reporting period: February 8, 2026 – February 14, 2026 (Week 7)   (...) - Date of report: 14/02/2026 - Country: Cambodia - Province / Region: Kampot province - District / City: Tuek Chhou district - Sex: M - Age: 30 - Condition at time of reporting: Recovered - Subtype of virus: H5N1 (...) Source:  Link:  https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2026_avian_influenza_report_vol22_wk07.pdf ____

  Abstract Of 19 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection detected during January 2023–March 2025 in Cambodia , 12 (63%) were detected directly by surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or indirectly by testing ill close contacts . SARI surveillance can supplement other surveillance sources for identifying H5N1 cases. Source:  Link:  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/3/25-0832_article ____

  Influenza at the human-animal interface  Summary and risk assessment, from 6 November to 19 December 2025 {1} -- New human cases {1,2}:  - From 6 November to 19 December 2025, based on reporting date , the detection of influenza A( H5N1 ) in one human , A( H5N5 ) in one human , A( H9N2 ) in seven humans , and an influenza A( H1N1 ) variant virus in one human were reported officially.  - In addition , one human case of infection with an influenza A( H1N2 ) variant virus was detected.  -- Circulation of influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals :  - High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) events in poultry and non-poultry animal species continue to be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).{3}  - The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also provides a global update on avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.{4}  - Additionally, low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses as well a...

  Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 poses an increasing public health risk, particularly following its spillover into dairy cows and associated human infections in the U.S. since March 2024. Here, we systematically identified critical PB2 mutations emerged during avian-to-cattle transmission and subsequent adaptation in cattle , notably PB2 M631L, which conferred pathogenicity in mice comparable to the well-characterized PB2 E627K mutation . Retrospective analysis reveals that PB2 631L also circulated in avian and human H5N1 strains during the 2013–2014 outbreaks in Cambodia and Vietnam . Additional adaptive mutations include established markers ( E627K, Q591R, D701N ), and novel variants ( I647V, G685R, K736R ). These mutations enhance polymerase activity by improving the utilization of both bovine and human ANP32A proteins , thereby increasing viral fitness and pathogenicity in mammals . The convergence of these adaptations highlights the elevated zoonotic risk of c...

  • New human cases {1,2}:  -- From 30 September to 5 November 2025 , based on reporting date, the detection of influenza A(H5N1) in one human , A( H5N2 ) in one human and A( H9N2 ) in two humans were reported officially.   • Circulation of influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals :  -- High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) events in poultry and non-poultry animal species continue to be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).{3}  -- The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also provides a global update on avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.{4}  • Risk assessment {5}:  -- Sustained human to human transmission has not been reported in the above human infection events.  -- Based on information available at the time of this risk assessment update , the overall public health risk from currently known influenza A viruses detected at the human-animal interface has not changed...