ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract This study assessed the epidemiological and microbiological invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) changes that occurred before and after the emergence of COVID-19 in Italy . All IPD cases reported through the nationwide surveillance system during 2018–2023 were included. IPD incidence and serotype distributions were analyzed by age group. IPD incidence in 2020–2021 declined in all age groups compared with 2018–2019 , especially in children less than 2 years of age and elderly people aged > 64 years. A resurgence of IPD cases was observed from late 2022 onwards , with values in children exceeding those seen before the pandemic. The post COVID-19 increase in children was mainly driven by some PCV13 serotypes , such as 3, 19A, and 19F , but also non-vaccine serotypes, including 10A, 8, and 24F , while in the elderly population , a predominance of serotypes 3 and 8 was observed . In conclusion, a steep drop in IPD incidence was observed during the peak of the COVID-19 pande...

  {Summary} -- During current epidemiological week (from  23 to 29 Oct. 2025) , two new human cases of infection with West Nile Virus have been reported.  -- The cumulative number of confirmed cases this season so far rose to 773 (they were 771 last week), of these:  - 367 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 17 in Piedmont, 56 Lombardy, 35 Veneto, 4 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 30 Emilia-Romagna, 11 Tuscany, 1 Marche, 87 Latium, 2 Molise, 83 Campania, 2 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 3 Sicily, 28 Sardinia,  - 56 were asymptomatic cases detected in blood donors ,  - 339 were West Nile Fever cases (of which: 1 imported from Kenya , 1  from Egypt and 1 from Maldives),  - 3 asymptomatic cases ,  - 8 unspecified cases.  -- Among confirmed cases, 72 fatalities have been recorded: 7 in Piedmont, 9 Lombardy, 1 Veneto, 2 Emilia-Romagna, 1 Marche, 19 Latium, 29 Campania, 2 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 1 Sardinia.  - The Case-Fatality ...

  Di Smiley.toerist - Opera propria, CC BY-SA 3.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7690411 Source: Wikipedia,  https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotrice_FS_RALn_60 ____

  {Summary} -- New human cases of West Nile Virus infection continue to be reported albeit with reduced intensity.  -- During current epidemiological week (from  9 to 15 October 2025)  26 new confirmed cases have been reported.  -- The total number of cases so far is 767 (they were 740 last week), of these:  - 366 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 17 in Piedmont, 56 Lombardy, 34 Veneto, 4 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 32 Emilia-Romagna, 10 Tuscany, 1 Marche, 86 Latium, 2 Molise, 83 Campania, 2 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 3 Sicily, 28 Sardinia,  - 57 were asymptomatic cases among blood donors ,  - 333 were West Nile Fever cases (of which 1 imported from Kenya, 1 from Egypt and 1 from Maldive),  - 3 asymptomatic cases,  - eight unspecified cases.  -- Among confirmed cases, 69 fatalities  have been reported: 7 in Piedmont, 9 Lombardy, 2 Emilia-Romagna, 18 Latium, 29 Campania, 2 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 1 Sardinia....

  {[ Mallard duck ] By This picture was realized by Richard Bartz by using a Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6 IS USM Lens - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6449086 } {[ Common Teal ] By Shantanu Kuveskar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78923110 } ___ A wild mallard in Veneto Region. A wild common teal in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6896 ____

{Summary} -- During current epidemiological week , a rise in the West Nile Virus human cases has been observed although with reduced intensity compared most recent weeks.  -- Twenty-two new confirmed human cases have been reported during surveillance week from 2 to 8 October 2025.  -- The cumulative number of cases rose to 740  (they were 718 last week), of these:  - 354 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 16 in Piedmont, 53 Lombardy, 33 Veneto, 4 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 30 Emilia-Romagna, 11 Tuscany, 1 Marche, 84 Latium, 2 Molise, 81 Campania, 2 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 3 Sicily, 26 Sardinia, - 57 were asymptomatic cases in blood donors ,  - 318 were West Nile Fever cases , of which 1 imported from Kenya , 1 from Egypt and 1 from Maldives ,  - 4 asymptomatic cases,  - 7 unspecified cases.  -- Among confirmed cases there were 68 fatalities : 7 in Piedmont, 9 Lombardy, 2 Emilia-Romagna, 18 Latium, 28 Campania, 2 Cal...

  {Summary} -- During current epidemiological week (from  25 September to 1rst October 2025),  38 new confirmed human infection with West Nile Virus have been reported.  -- Since the beginning of the epidemic season, 718 confirmed cases have been recorded in Italy (they were 680 in the last bulletin), of these:  - 341 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 15 in Piedmont, 51 Lombardy, 30 Veneto, 4 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 27 Emilia-Romagna, 11 Tuscany, 1 Marche, 84 Latium, 2 Molise, 79 Campania, 2 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 2 Sicily, 25 Sardinia,  - 57 were asymptomatic cases in blood donors ,  - 309 were West Nile Fever cases (1 imported from Kenya , 1 Egypt , and one Maldives ),  - 4 asymptomatic cases,  - 7 unspecified cases.  -- Among confirmed cases , there have been 49 fatalities : 7 in Piedmont, 5 Lombardy, 2 Emilia-Romagna, 18 Latium, 14 Campania, 2 Calabria, 1 Sardinia.  - The Case-Fatality Rate in WNN...

  The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), subtype H5N1 - has been detected in a commercial farm of laying hens located in the Municipality of Roverbella, Mantova Province, Lombardia region. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), subtype H5N1 - has been detected in a commercial farm of laying hens located in the Municipality of Cerasara, Mantova Province, Lombardia region. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), subtype H5N1 - has been detected in a commercial farm of broiler located in the Municipality of Chivasso, Torino Province, Piemonte region. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), subtype H5N1 - has been detected in a commercial farm of laying hens located in the Municipality of Vigasio, Verona Province, Veneto region. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), subtype H5N1 - has been detected in a commercial farm of laying hens located in the Municipality of Sona, Verona Province, Veneto region. The highly pathogenic...

  {Summary} -- During current surveillance week (from 18 to 24 Sept. '25), 33 new confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus have been detected.  -- Since the beginning of the epidemic season , there have been 680 cases in total , (they were 647 last week); of these:  - 321 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 15 in Piedmont, 44 Lombardy, 27 Veneto, 2 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 25 Emilia-Romagna, 8 Tuscany, 1 Marche, 83 Latium, 2 Molise, 79 Campania, 2 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 24 Sardinia),  - 54 were asymptomatic cases in blood donors ,  - 296 were West Nile Fever cases (1 imported from Kenya , 1 Egypt and 1 Maldives ),  - 3 asymptomatic cases,   - 6 unspecified cases.  --  Among confirmed cases , there were 48 deaths : 7 in Piedmont, 5 Lombardy, 2 Emilia-Romagna, 17 Latium, 14 Campania, 2 Calabria, 1 Sardinia.  - The Case-Fatality Rate among WNND cases was 14.9% (it was 20% in 2018 and 14% in 2024)....

  {Summary} -- During current epidemiological week ( 11– 17 September 2025),  65 new confirmed human cases of infection with West Nile Virus have been reported.  -- The total number of confirmed cases , since the beginning of the epidemic season, has thus risen to 647 (it was 582 last week), of these:  - 300 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 15 in Piedmont, 39 Lombardy, 24 Veneto, 2 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 23 Emilia-Romagna, 5 Tuscany, 83 Latium, 2 Molise, 77 Campania, 2 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 19 Sardinia,  - 54 were asymptomatic cases detected among blood donors ,  - 284 were West Nile Fever cases (one imported from Kenya),  - 3 asymptomatic cases and  - 6 unspecified casese.  -- Among confirmed cases, there were 47 death cases : 7 in Piedmont, 5 Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 16 Latium, 15 Campania, 2 Calabria, 1 Sardinia.  - The Case-Fatality Rate in WNND cases was 15.8% (it was 20% in 2018 and...

  Abstract This study compares infant (0–24 months) respiratory infection presentations to a Northern Italian paediatric emergency department across two post-pandemic winters ( 2022–2023 vs 2023–2024 ). Despite an approximate 44% reduction in visits in 2023–2024 (N=176 in 2023–2024 vs N=317 in 2022–2023), infants in the 2023–2024 season experienced significantly higher proportions of ventilatory support (51.1% vs 32.8%, p<0.001) and intensive care unit admission (15.9% vs 1.9%, p<0.001) than those presenting in 2022–2023, with a non-significant trend towards higher hospitalisation (88.1% vs 81.7%, p=0.052). Respiratory syncytial virus re-emerged as the dominant pathogen (43.2% vs 27.7%, p<0.001) in 2023–2024, alongside increased human metapneumovirus and influenza A H1N1 . These findings highlight a concerning shift towards increased severity, underscoring the need for ongoing surveillance. Source: BMJ Paediatric Open,  https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/9/1/e003695...

  By Bahnfrend - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18053425 Source: Wikipedia,  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Class_E.402 ____

{Summary} -- During current epidemiological week (4 to 10 September), eighty new confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported in Italy. -- Since the beginning of the epidemic season , there have been a total of 582 confirmed cases (they were 502 last week), of these:  - 260 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 14 in Piedmont, 24 Lombardy, 22 Veneto, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 20 Emilia-Romagna, 3 Tuscany, 77 Latium, 2 Molise, 74 Campania, 1 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 13 Sardinia,  - 48 asymptomatic cases among blood donors ,  - 262 cases of West Nile Fever (1 imported from Kenya ),  - 4 asymptomatic cases,  - 8 unspecified cases.  -- A total of 39 fatal cases have been reported so far this season: 5 in Piedmont, 2 Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 15 Latium, 14 Campania, 2 Calabria.  - The Case-Fatality Rate among WNND cases is thus far at 15% (during 2018 season it was 20%, in 2024 14%).  -- Du...

  By Superalbs - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=93344176 Source: Wikipedia,  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_460 ____

{Summary} -- During current surveillance week (28 August - 3 September 2025):  - 72 new confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus infection have been confirmed;  -- The total number of cases since the beginning of epidemic season has risen to 502 (they were 430 in the last bulletin); of these:  - 226 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND):  11 in Piedmont, 16 in Lombardy, 17 Veneto, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 15 Emilia-Romagna, 3 Tuscany, 71 Latium, 2 Molise, 72 Campania, 1 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 8 Sardinia,  - 40 were asymptomatic cases detected in blood donors ,  - 226 were West Nile Fever cases (one of them imported from Kenya ), - 5 asymptomatic cases,  - 5 unspecified.  -- So far there have been 33 fatal cases : 3 in Piedmont, 1 Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 14 Latium, 12 Campania, 2 Calabria.  - The Case-Fatality rate among WNND cases is thus far at 14.6% (in 2018 it was 20%, in 2024 14%).  -- During...

  {Summary} -- During surveillance week from 21 to 27 August , 79 new confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported.  -- Since the beginning of the epidemic season, the total number of confirmed cases have risen to  430 (they were  351 in the last bulletin); of these: -  193 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease cases: 8 in Piedmont, 12 Lombardy, 14 Veneto, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 13 Emilia-Romagna, 62 Latium, 2 Molise, 64 Campania, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 8 Sardinia),  - 38 were asymptomatic cases among blood donors ,  - 193 were West Nile Fever cases,  - 3 asymptomatic and  - 3 unspecified cases.  -- Among the confirmed cases, there were 27 fatalities : 1 Piedmont, 1 Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 11 Latium, 11 Campania, 2 Calabria).  - The Case-Fatality Rate in WNND cases is so far at 13.9% (during 2018 it was 20%, in 2024 14%).  -- One confirmed human case of Usutu virus infectio...

  Abstract In recent years, the four main swine influenza A virus (IAV-S) subtypes circulating in swine in the EU have been H1avN1, H1huN2, H1N1pdm09, and H3N2 . The latter emerged in 1984 from a reassortment event between a human seasonal H3N2 and H1avN1, and is currently detected at low prevalence in swine in Italy . Here, we describe nine H3N2 IAV-S isolates belonging to three novel genotypes , first detected in Italy in 2021 , likely resulting from reassortment events between swine and human IAVs. The first genotype was characterized by a hemagglutinin (H3 HA) of human seasonal origin , a neuraminidase (N2 NA) derived from H1huN2 strains circulating in Italian swine, and an avian-like internal gene cassette (IGC). The second genotype differed in its IGC constellation: PB2, PB1, PA and NP segments were of pandemic origin ( pdm09 ), while NS and M segments derived from the Eurasian avian-like lineage . The third genotype combined a human-derived H3, a Gent/84-derived N2, and a pd...

  Di Christof Hofbauer - http://www.bahnbilder.ch/picture/8345, GFDL,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16838742 Source: Wikipedia,  https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotrici_FS_ALe_801_e_ALe_940 ____

{Summary} -- During current surveillance week (14 to 20 August), seventy-six new human confirmed cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported; -- So far this year, 351 human cases of WNV infection were confirmed (they were 275 last week); of these: - 158 were WNND (West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease): 6 in Piedmont, 8 Lombardy, 10 Veneto, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 8 Emilia-Romagna, 59 Latium, 54 Campania, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 5 Sardinia; - 27 were asymptomatic cases in blood donors ,   - 162 were West Nile Fever cases,  - 2 asymptomatic and  - 2 symptomatic (unspecified).  -- Among confirmed cases, there were 22 fatalities : 1 in Piedmont, 1 Lombardy, 10 Latium, 9 Campania, 1 Calabria).  - The Case-Fatality Rate in WNND cases is thus far at 13.9% (in 2018 it was 20%, and in 2024, 14%).  -- No confirmed cases of Usutu Virus infection have been confirmed this week. (...) Source: High Institute of Health,  https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/b...

  Di Moliva - Opera propria, CC BY-SA 4.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=154882109 Source: Wikipedia,  https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotreno_TN_ATR_125 ____