ETIDIOH - NEW

Significance To date, no study has investigated the relationships between air pollutants and the progression of COVID-19 , nor the potential role of genetic susceptibility on the associations. This large population-based cohort study investigates the associations between air pollutants and genetic susceptibility, both individually and in combination, with the risk of COVID-19-related outcomes. It involves 458,396 participants from UK Biobank and demonstrates that air pollutants interact with host genetic susceptibility in both multiplicative and additive manners, thereby influencing the risk of COVID-19 severity. This study with cutting-edge methods provides robust evidence for the interplay between environmental and genetic factors on COVID-19 outcomes. Abstract The relationships between air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and COVID-19-related outcomes, as well as the potential interplays between air pollution and genetic susceptibility, remain largely unexplored. The Cox proportio...

Abstract Oropouche fever is caused by the Oropouche virus (OROV; Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus), one of the most frequent arboviruses that infect humans in the Brazilian Amazon . This year, an OROV outbreak was identified in Brazil , and its vertical transmission was reported, which was associated with fetal death and microcephaly. We describe the clinical manifestations identified in three cases of congenital OROV infection with confirmed serology (OROV-IgM) in the mother-newborn binomial . One of the newborns died , and post-mortem molecular analysis using real-time RT-qPCR identified the OROV genome in several tissues . All three newborns were born in the Amazon region in Brazil , and the mothers reported fever, rash, headache, myalgia, and/or retro-orbital pain during pregnancy . The newborns presented with severe microcephaly secondary to brain damage and arthrogryposis , suggestive of an embryo/fetal disruptive process at birth . Brain and spinal images identified overlapping su...

Abstract During 2023-2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from clade 2.3.2.1c caused human infections in Cambodia and from clade 2.3.4.4b caused human infections in the Americas . We assessed the susceptibility of those viruses to approved and investigational antiviral drugs . Except for 2 viruses isolated from Cambodia , all viruses were susceptible to M2 ion channel-blockers in cell culture-based assays. In the neuraminidase inhibition assay , all viruses displayed susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drugs oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir , and AV5080. Oseltamivir was ≈4-fold less potent at inhibiting the neuraminidase activity of clade 2.3.4.4b than clade 2.3.2.1c viruses. All viruses were susceptible to polymerase inhibitors baloxavir and tivoxavir and to polymerase basic 2 inhibitor pimodivir with 50% effective concentrations in low nanomolar ranges. Because drug-resistant viruses can emerge spontaneously or by reassortment, close m...

Abstract We describe introduction of the 2022–2023 Oropouche virus lineage from Brazil , which has caused large-scale outbreaks throughout Brazil , into the Amazon Region of Peru . This lineage is co-circulating with another lineage that was circulating previously. Our findings highlight the need for continued surveillance to monitor Oropouche virus in Peru. Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/4/24-1748_article ____