Abstract
To assess the circulation of Oropouche, Mayaro, West Nile, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses, we tested samples from 824 patients with acute febrile illness, 3,484 mosquitoes, and 113 nonhuman primates from northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. All samples were negative for dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus. One imported Oropouche virus infection was detected.
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3212.260870
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Summary}
(...)
• Since the beginning of the season and as of 28 October '26, 787 confirmed cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported (they were 777 in the last week report),
° Of these:
° 422 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) (5 were imported: 1 from Maldives, 1 France, 1 Belgium, 1 Greece and 1 the Netherlands),
° 96 were asymptomatic cases in blood donors,
° 263 were West Nile Fever cases,
° 5 unspecified cases,
° 1 asymptomatic case.
• 88 Provinces reported West Nile Virus circulation, in 20 Regions;
• Among confirmed WNND cases, 61 deaths have been recorded with a Case-Fatality Rate of 14.4% (in 2025, it was 19.6%).
• This season so far, 19 cases of Usutu virus have been confirmed (8 in Lombardy, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 2 Marche, 4 Latium, 1 Piedmont, 2 Veneto).
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
West Nile Virus (WNV) can be transmitted via blood transfusion and lead to neuroinvasive forms in recipients of blood products.
AIM
We aimed to investigate WNV and Usutu virus (USUV) infections among blood donors in France.
METHODS
Blood donations in 18 of 96 departments of metropolitan France and from travellers returning from affected areas were screened prospectively for WNV using a commercial nucleic acid test (NAT). In addition, stored samples from blood donations in the affected departments were retrospectively tested with RT-qPCR. Differentiation between WNV and USUV infections in NAT-positive samples was done with a RT-qPCR or by seroneutralisation after seroconversion.
RESULTS
Between 18 July and 1 December 2023, 34 (0.018%) of 185,965 blood donation samples were initially positive for WNV. After investigations, 20 donors with USUV infections (16 confirmed, four probable) and five with WNV infections (three confirmed, two probable) were identified. In samples from four donors, WNV and USUV could not be differentiated, and five samples remained indeterminate. Seventeen USUV infections were considered autochthonous: nine departments in the southern and central parts of France, including two departments where WNV was also detected. Infections with USUV were detected between 21 July and 17 October and WNV between 23 August and 20 September.
CONCLUSION
Via screening of blood donations, we could identify the circulation of USUV in 2023 in large parts of metropolitan France. A One Health approach is required to better understand the determinants of USUV circulation in France and the clinical consequences of USUV infections in humans.
Source: Eurosurveillance Weekly, https://www.eurosurveillance.org/
Link: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.43.2600044
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Summary}
(...)
Current situation
Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 21 October, 229 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 20 countries across Europe.
These areas are located in:
§ Italy (70),
§ France (30),
§ Greece (25),
§ Romania (24),
§ the Netherlands (16),
§ Serbia (11),
§ Bulgaria (7),
§ Belgium (6),
§ Croatia (6),
§ Germany (6),
§ Spain (6),
§ North Macedonia (5),
§ Hungary (4),
§ Kosovo (4),
§ Austria (3),
§ Albania (2),
§ Cyprus (1),
§ Moldova (1),
§ Slovakia (1) and
§ Slovenia (1).
This week, seven areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)
The 20 countries have reported 1 965 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection:
§ Italy (770 cases),
§ Greece (457 cases of which 6 had an unknown place of infection),
§ France (173 cases),
§ Spain (145 cases),
§ Romania (125 cases),
§ North Macedonia (71 cases),
§ the Netherlands (63 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Serbia (59 cases),
§ Cyprus (21 cases),
§ Croatia (18 cases),
§ Belgium (15 cases),
§ Austria (8 cases),
§ Bulgaria (8 cases),
§ Kosovo (8 cases),
§ Albania (7 cases),
§ Germany (7 cases),
§ Hungary (5 cases),
§ Slovenia (3 cases),
§ Moldova (1 case) and
§ Slovakia (1 case).
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Summary}
(...)
° Since the beginning of the 2026 arboviral season and as of Oct. 21 '26, 777 confirmed cases of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection have been reported (they were 770 in last week report);
° Of these:
§ 414 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) (including five imported cases: 1 from Maldives, 1 France, 1 Belgium, 1 Greece and 1 the Netherlands),
§ 95 asymptomatic cases among blood donors,
§ 262 cases of West Nile Fever,
§ 5 unspecified cases,
§ 1 asymptomatic case.
° 88 Provinces in 20 Regions had confirmed WNV circulation,
° 61 deaths have been recorded in WNND cases. The Case-Fatality Rate is thus far at 14.7% (it was 19.2% in 2025).
° This season so far 19 cases of human infection with Usutu virus were confirmed (8 in Lombardy, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 2 Marche, 4 Latium, 1 Piedmont, 2 Veneto).
___
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino/Bollettino_WND_2026_13.pdf
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Summary}
Current situation
Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 14 October, 222 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 19 countries across Europe.
These areas are located in:
§ Italy (70),
§ France (28),
§ Greece (25),
§ Romania (24),
§ the Netherlands (15),
§ Serbia (10),
§ Belgium (6),
§ Bulgaria (6),
§ Croatia (6),
§ Germany (6),
§ Spain (6),
§ North Macedonia (5),
§ Hungary (4),
§ Kosovo (4),
§ Austria (3),
§ Albania (2),
§ Cyprus (1) and
§ Slovenia (1).
This week, 14 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)
The 19 countries have reported 1 926 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection:
§ Italy (764 cases),
§ Greece (455 cases of which 6 had an unknown place of infection),
§ France (159 cases),
§ Spain (141 cases),
§ Romania (121 cases),
§ North Macedonia (70 cases),
§ the Netherlands (59 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Serbia (57 cases),
§ Cyprus (21 cases),
§ Croatia (18 cases),
§ Belgium (15 cases),
§ Austria (8 cases),
§ Kosovo (8 cases),
§ Albania (7 cases),
§ Bulgaria (7 cases),
§ Germany (7 cases),
§ Hungary (5 cases),
§ Slovenia (3 cases) and
§ Moldova (1 case of which 1 had an unknown place of infection).
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Summary}
• Since the beginning of 2026 seasonal surveillance and as of October 14 '26, 770 human cases of infection with West Nile Virus have been reported in Italy (they were 754 in last week report),
° Of these,
§ 411 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) of which 5 imported: 1 from Maldives, 1 France, 1 Belgium, 1 Greece and 1 the Netherlands,
§ 96 were asymptomatic cases among blood donors,
§ 257 were West Nile Fever cases,
§ 1 was an asymptomatic case.
° So far this season, 88 Provinces reported WNV circulation in 20 Regions.
° Among WNND cases, 61 deaths were recorded.
§ The Case-Fatality Rate is now 14.8% (in 2025, it was 18.8%).
° This season, 18 human cases of infection with Usutu virus have been confirmed (8 in Lombardy, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 2 Marche, 3 Latium, 1 Piedmont, 2 Veneto).
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino/Bollettino_WND_2026_12.pdf
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Summary}
(...)
Week 41, 2026 | Published on 9 October 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 7 October 2026.
Current situation
° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 7 October, 208 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 18 countries across Europe.
These areas are located in:
§ Italy (67),
§ France (26),
§ Greece (25),
§ Romania (24),
§ the Netherlands (15),
§ Serbia (10),
§ Belgium (6),
§ Spain (6),
§ Croatia (5),
§ North Macedonia (5),
§ Hungary (4),
§ Kosovo (4),
§ Austria (3),
§ Germany (3),
§ Albania (2),
§ Bulgaria (2) and
§ Cyprus (1).
This week, six areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)
The 18 countries have reported 1 855 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection:
§ Italy (748 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Greece (445 cases of which 6 had an unknown place of infection),
§ France (144 cases),
§ Spain (139 cases),
§ Romania (117 cases),
§ North Macedonia (70 cases),
§ the Netherlands (59 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Serbia (57 cases),
§ Croatia (16 cases),
§ Belgium (15 cases),
§ Cyprus (13 cases),
§ Austria (8 cases),
§ Kosovo (8 cases),
§ Hungary (5 cases),
§ Albania (4 cases),
§ Germany (4 cases),
§ Bulgaria (2 cases) and
§ Moldova (1 case of which 1 had an unknown place of infection).
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Extracts}
(...)
Summary
° Since the beginning of the arboviral season and as of October 7 '26, 754 confirmed human cases of infection with West Nile Virus have been reported (they were 727 in the last week report);
° Of these:
§ 401 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (among them, five were imported: 1 from Maldives, 1 France, 1 Belgium, 1 Greece and 1 the Netherlands),
§ 94 werer asymptomatic cases in blood donors;
§ 253 were West Nile Fever Cases;
§ 5 were unspecified cases;
§ 1 was an asymptomatic case.
° The number of provinces with WNV circulation is now 85 in 20 Regions.
° In addition, 57 fatal cases have been reported. The case-fatality rate in the WNND cases is now 14.1% (in 2025 it was 19.2%).
° Since the start of arboviral season, 18 human cases of infection with Usutu virus were recorded: 8 in Lombardy, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 2 Marche, 3 Latium, 1 Piedmont, 2 Veneto).
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Extract}
Week 40, 2026 | Published on 2 October 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 30 September 2026.
Current situation
° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 30 September, 202 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 16 countries across Europe.
° These areas are located in:
§ Italy (67),
§ France (25),
§ Greece (24),
§ Romania (24),
§ the Netherlands (15),
§ Serbia (10),
§ Spain (6),
§ Belgium (5),
§ Croatia (5),
§ North Macedonia (5),
§ Hungary (4),
§ Kosovo (4),
§ Austria (3),
§ Germany (3),
§ Albania (1) and
§ Cyprus (1).
° This week, 16 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)
° The 16 countries have reported 1 765 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection:
§ Italy (721 cases),
§ Greece (420 cases, of which 6 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Spain (131 cases),
§ France (128 cases),
§ Romania (117 cases),
§ North Macedonia (70 cases),
§ the Netherlands (57 cases, of which 2 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Serbia (53 cases),
§ Croatia (15 cases),
§ Belgium (14 cases),
§ Cyprus (13 cases),
§ Austria (8 cases),
§ Kosovo (7 cases),
§ Hungary (5 cases),
§ Germany (4 cases) and
§ Albania (2 cases)
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Excerpts}
(...)
Summary
° Since the beginning of the 2026 epidemic season and as of 23 September2026, 700 confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported (they were 657 in the last week report).
° Of these:
§ 368 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) (among them, there were five imported cases: 1 from Maldives, 1 France, 1 Belgium, 1 Greece and 1 the Netherlands),
§ 88 were asymptomatic cases in blood donors,
§ 239 were West Nile Fever cases,
§ 4 were unspecified cases,
§ 1 was an asymptomatic case.
° The number of affected regions rose to 83 in 19 Regions.
° Among confirmed cases, there were 54 deaths.
§ Case Fatality Rate in Neuroinvasive cases is now 14.6% (it was 14.9% in 2025).
° This season so far 15 cases of Usutu virus have been reported: 8 in Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 1 Marche, 2 Latium, 1 Piedmont, 2 Veneto.
___
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino/Bollettino_WND_2026_9.pdf
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Extracts}
(...)
Week 39, 2026 | Published on 25 September 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 23 September 2026.
Current situation
Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 23 September, 186 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 16 countries across Europe.
These areas are located in:
§ Italy (65),
§ Greece (22),
§ Romania (22),
§ France (21),
§ the Netherlands (13),
§ Serbia (8),
§ Spain (6),
§ Croatia (5),
§ North Macedonia (5),
§ Belgium (4),
§ Hungary (4),
§ Austria (3),
§ Germany (3),
§ Kosovo (3),
§ Albania (1) and
§ Cyprus (1).
This week, six areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. The affected areas identified as at 23 September 2026 are listed in Table 1 and shown in Map 1 below.
The 16 countries have reported 1 569 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection:
§ Italy (696 cases),
§ Greece (355 cases, of which 8 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Spain (125 cases),
§ France (102 cases),
§ Romania (91 cases),
§ North Macedonia (69 cases),
§ Serbia (46 cases),
§ the Netherlands (28 cases),
§ Croatia (13 cases),
§ Cyprus (13 cases),
§ Belgium (9 cases),
§ Austria (7 cases),
§ Hungary (5 cases),
§ Germany (4 cases),
§ Kosovo (4 cases) and
§ Albania (2 cases)
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Extract, Summary}
(...)
Summary
° Since the beginning of arboviral infection season and as of Sept. 23 '26, 700 confirmed human cases of WNV have been recorded (they were 657 in last week update).
° Of these:
§ 368 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease, of which 5 imported: 1 from Maldives, 1 France, 1 Belgium, 1 Greece and 1 the Netherlands,
§ 88 were asymptomatic cases among blood donors,
§ 239 were West Nile Fever cases,
§ 4 were unspecified cases,
§ 1 was an asymptomatic case (Table 1).
° The number of affected Provinces has risen to 83 in 19 Regions.
° Among confirmed cases, 54 deaths have been reported. The Case-Fatality Rate in WNND cases is now 14.6% (in 2025 it was 14.9%).
° So far this season, 15 human cases of Usutu virus have been reported (8 in Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 1 Marche, 2 Latium, 1 Piedmont, 2 Veneto).
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Summary}
Week 38, 2026 | Published on 18 September 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 17 September 2026.
Current situation
° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 17 September, 180 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 16 countries across Europe.
° These areas are located in:
§ Italy (65),
§ Greece (22),
§ Romania (22),
§ France (19),
§ the Netherlands (13),
§ Serbia (8),
§ Croatia (5),
§ Spain (5),
§ Belgium (4),
§ North Macedonia (4),
§ Germany (3),
§ Hungary (3),
§ Austria (2),
§ Kosovo (2),
§ Albania (1) and
§ Cyprus (1).
° This week, 19 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season.
° The 16 countries have reported 1 482 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection:
§ Italy (652 cases),
§ Greece (355 cases, of which 8 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Spain (114 cases),
§ Romania (91 cases),
§ France (81 cases),
§ North Macedonia (66 cases),
§ Serbia (43 cases),
§ the Netherlands (29 cases),
§ Croatia (13 cases),
§ Cyprus (11 cases),
§ Belgium (9 cases),
§ Austria (6 cases, of which 1 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Germany (4 cases),
§ Hungary (4 cases),
§ Albania (2 cases) and
§ Kosovo (2 cases)
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Excerpt, Summary}
(...)
° Since the beginning of 2026 epidemic season in Italy, 657 confirmed human cases of infection with West Nile Virus (WNV) have been confirmed (they were 594 last week).
° Of these:
§ 345 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND), of which five imported (1 from Maldives, 1 France, 1 Belgium, 1 Greece and 1 the Netherlands),
§ 80 were asymptomatic cases among blood donors,
§ 224 were West Nile Fever cases
§ 4 were unspecified cases,
§ 4 were asymptomatic cases.
° The number of affected provinces rose to 82 in 19 Regions.
° Among confirmed cases, there have been 51 deaths (di cui uno in un caso importato). The Case-Fatality Rate among WNND cases is now at 14.7% (it was 15.8% in 2025).
° So far this season, 14 confirmed human cases of infection with Usutu virus have been reported (8 in Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 1 Marche, 2 Latium, 1 Piedmont, 1 Veneto).
(...)
Human Cases of Confirmed WNV per Week - 2026
___
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino/Bollettino_WND_2026_8.pdf
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
The epidemiological co-circulation of the two flaviviruses West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in several European countries poses the risk of co-infections in vertebrate hosts and mosquito vectors. WNV is an important human pathogen, whereas USUV is primarily relevant in veterinary and wildlife health. Co-infections have been detected in birds and, occasionally, in humans. To determine the potential consequences of co-exposure and co-infections in mosquitoes on viral transmission, lab-reared Culex pipiens biotype molestus were orally infected with both viruses either simultaneously or sequentially at 7-day intervals with German isolates of WNV lineage 2 and USUV lineage Europe 3. Simultaneous exposure resulted in a significantly increased WNV infection rate, while infection and transmission of USUV were inhibited at the same time. During sequential exposure, prior WNV exposure also had a negative effect on susceptibility to USUV, whereas conversely, WNV infection rates were not altered by prior USUV exposure. Furthermore, mosquitoes with established co-infections after simultaneous co-exposure exhibited higher WNV viral loads than those infected exclusively with WNV. The study reveals complex interactions between WNV, USUV, and the mosquito vector, which could influence vector competence and vector capacity of Culex pipiens biotype molestus in areas with co-circulation of WNV and USUV.
Source:
Link: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1014601
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Excerpt, Summary}
(...)
Week 37, 2026 | Published on 11 September 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 10 September 2026.
Current situation
° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 10 September, 161 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 15 countries across Europe.
° These areas are located in:
§ Italy (64),
§ Greece (21),
§ Romania (20),
§ France (14),
§ the Netherlands (10),
§ Serbia (7),
§ Croatia (5),
§ Spain (5),
§ North Macedonia (4),
§ Hungary (3),
§ Austria (2),
§ Germany (2),
§ Albania (1),
§ Cyprus (1) and
§ Kosovo (1).
° This week, 16 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season.
° The 15 countries have reported 1 285 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection:
§ Italy (590 cases),
§ Greece (319 cases, of which 9 had an unknown place of infection),
§ Spain (104 cases),
§ Romania (77 cases),
§ North Macedonia (57 cases),
§ France (49 cases),
§ Serbia (37 cases),
§ the Netherlands (19 cases),
§ Croatia (10 cases),
§ Cyprus (10 cases),
§ Austria (5 cases),
§ Hungary (4 cases),
§ Germany (2 cases),
§ Albania (1 case) and
§ Kosovo (1 case)
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
