#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, June 13 '26)

 

Clin Infect Dis

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, June 6 '26)

 

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, May 30 '26)

 

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, May 23 '26)

 

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#Coronavirus #diversity and #SARS-CoV-2 #exposure at the #wildlife – #human interface in Northern #Italy

 

Abstract

Background

Members of the Coronaviridae family infect humans as well as domestic and wild animals. Over the past three decades, three members of this family, all with zoonotic origins, have caused significant epidemics or pandemics (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19). Despite the spread of SARS-CoV-2 being primarily driven by human-to-human transmission, various animal species are susceptible to infection and may contribute to viral circulation. Aim of this work was to monitor coronavirus (CoV) infections in wild mammals in the Emilia-Romagna region (RER), Italy, using a combined approach of molecular screening for viral RNA detection and serological testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Methods

Respiratory and gastrointestinal tissue samples were collected from wild animal carcasses between 2022 and 2024. Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using two RT-qPCR assays targeting the E and N genes, and for other CoVs using a nested pan-coronavirus RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of positive samples. Additionally, serum samples obtained from blood, cardiac clot, or thoracic exudate were screened for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, with positive samples subsequently confirmed by an ELISA targeting antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike (S) protein, focused on variants circulating during the study period.

Results

Molecular analyses were performed on 2,238 animals, all of which tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, while 90 (79% hedgehogs) tested positive for CoVs. Among these, most sequences were consistent with coronaviruses typically reported in the respective host species. However, some exceptions – such as Betacoronavirus erinacei in fox, porcupine, hare, and roe deer, and EmbeCoV-related sequences in a porcupine – warrant further attention. Suitable serum samples were available from 1,751 animals. Overall, 65 animals tested positive for anti-N antibodies, 31 of which (22 foxes, 4 badgers, 2 hedgehogs, 1 roe deer, 1 wolf, 1 rat) were subsequently confirmed by an anti-RBD ELISA.

Conclusions

This study provides an overview of CoVs circulation among wild mammals in RER, supporting the role of hedgehogs as reservoirs and identifying some species with evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Certain unexpected findings highlight the need for further investigations to clarify the potential for cross-species transmission.

Source: 

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12985-026-03193-3

____

#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, May 16 '26)

 

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (by AMEDEO, May 9 '26)

 

Clin Infect Dis

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Respiratory #infections due to #human common cold #coronaviruses, #SARS-CoV, #MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: #epidemiology, #pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine landscapes

 

Summary

Over the past half-century, perceptions of human coronaviruses have evolved from their initial characterisation as causes of the common cold to recognition of their capacity to trigger severe disease and global epidemics. The emergence of three zoonotic coronaviruses—severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, has had profound health, economic, and societal consequences and continues to influence global epidemic-preparedness strategies. All three viruses remain on the WHO Blueprint of priority pathogens for research and development. This Review summarises current knowledge on human coronaviruses, drawing lessons from the past 25 years of epidemic outbreaks. The shared and divergent features of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, including their origins, evolution, transmission determinants, zoonotic transmission, viral entry pathways, pathogenesis, spectrum of clinical manifestations, long-term sequelae, and case-fatality profiles are highlighted. The full range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic or atypical presentations to severe acute respiratory and multisystem disease, are outlined together with risk factors for progression and populations with the greatest susceptibility. Diagnostic approaches, including molecular assays, antigen-based tests, and imaging modalities are described alongside current therapeutics, antiviral strategies, immunomodulators, supportive care principles, and evidence from clinical trials. Advances in diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, and infection-control practices are examined together with persistent challenges in early recognition, particularly in resource-limited settings. Strengthening multinational clinical trial capacity, leveraging digital innovations, and embedding One Health approaches are essential to mitigating spillover risks and improving global readiness. We review the latest data, identify gaps and opportunities, and outline forward-looking strategies to anticipate and prepare for the threat of future coronaviruses, and other existing or new respiratory pathogens with epidemic potential. Clinicians and other health-care workers play a central role in detecting and reporting possible lethal coronavirus infection including atypical presentations, enabling rapid, coordinated infection control and management responses.

Source: 

Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(26)00049-4/abstract?rss=yes

____

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Operational #zoonotic #containment of #MERS #coronavirus in #Saudi Arabia: An implementation-oriented #OneHealth genomic #framework

 

Abstract

Background and Aim: 

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remains a persistent zoonotic threat more than a decade after its first detection, with Saudi Arabia continuing to be the global epicenter of human infections and the main reservoir interface through dromedary camels. Despite ongoing surveillance, advances in molecular diagnostics, and research on vaccines and therapeutics, sporadic zoonotic spillovers and healthcare-associated outbreaks still occur, showing that current prevention strategies are still not enough. This review compiles current evidence from epidemiological studies, camel reservoir research, genomic monitoring, and public health reports published between 2012 and April 2025 to identify the key gaps preventing effective containment. Special focus is given to recent genomic discoveries, including post-2022 clade B sublineages, recombination events, and spike protein changes that might affect transmission and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Available data suggest that MERS-CoV epidemiology is driven by repeated camel-to-human transmission, followed by occasional amplification in healthcare settings rather than sustained community spread. High seroprevalence and frequent detection of viral RNA in juvenile camels, seasonal gathering in markets, and extensive animal movement networks contribute to ongoing viral circulation at the animal–human interface. Genomic studies consistently show close phylogenetic relationships between camel and human isolates, confirming recurrent zoonotic transmissions. However, fragmented surveillance systems, delayed genomic data integration, inconsistent biosecurity practices, and limited field evidence for camel vaccination pose major barriers to control. Additionally, hospital outbreaks continue to occur due to delayed diagnosis, overcrowding, and incomplete adherence to infection-prevention protocols, underscoring the need for improved clinical preparedness. Based on the integrated synthesis of epidemiological, veterinary, and genomic evidence, this review proposes an implementation-focused One Health genomic framework tailored to the Saudi context. The proposed roadmap highlights real-time connection of human and camel surveillance, expands genomic sequencing capacity, targets vaccination strategies in camels and high-risk human populations, standardizes biosecurity measures in markets and abattoirs, and strengthens infection control systems in healthcare facilities. Alignment with national governance structures and Saudi Vision 2030 offers a practical pathway for coordinated multi-sectoral action. This review concludes that MERS-CoV is unlikely to be eradicated soon, but it can be effectively managed through a genomics-enabled, operational One Health approach that combines surveillance, vaccination, clinical preparedness, and policy coordination. The model outlined here provides a scalable way to reduce zoonotic spillover risk and strengthen readiness against future coronavirus and emerging zoonotic threats. 

Source: 

Link: https://veterinaryworld.org/Vol.19/March-2026/29.php

____

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Longitudinal #serum #proteomics analyses reveal #biomarkers for porcine #influenza and #coronavirus infections

 

Abstract

Respiratory virus infections affect both humans and livestock, causing considerable mortality and morbidity. While respiratory pathogens such as swine influenza A virus (pH1N1) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) often present with overlapping clinical symptoms, their pathological trajectories and outcomes differ. Given the propensity for pathogen spillover and the use of pigs as a physiologically relevant large-animal translational model, we aimed to characterise host serum protein signatures that detect and differentiate pH1N1 from PRCV, enabling improved disease monitoring and control. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we identified 162 serum proteins that were significantly dysregulated across 3 infection timepoints (1, 5, and 12 days post-infection (DPI)), with signatures correlating with viral shedding and lung pathology as early as 1 DPI. Notably, multiplexed targeted analysis of a subset of proteins in an independent cohort from a different breed and geographic location demonstrated detection, femtomole-level targeted quantitation, and validation of SRGN as a diagnostic marker for pH1N1 and PRCV (AUC=0.85). Further, SOD1 was validated as an early marker for PRCV, increasing as early as 1 DPI (AUC= 0.9). Finally, a multi-peptide signature composed of SRGN, SOD1, and RAN demonstrated reasonable predictive power for pH1N1 (AUC=0.75) and PRCV (AUC=0.65) at 1 DPI. Our data validate the proteomic screening, provide insights into the role of early protein markers in distinguishing respiratory viral infections, and pave the way for the development of point-of-care diagnostics and targeted prevention strategies, enhancing preparedness against emerging zoonotic threats.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funder Information Declared

UKRI Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), BB/X019780/1, BBS/E/PI/230002A, BBS/E/PI/230002B, BBS/E/PI/230002C, BS/E/PI/23NB0004

University of Surrey, https://ror.org/00ks66431

Source: 

Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.21.719833v1

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