ETIDIOH - NEW

  Highlights •  Epidemiological parameters differ by pathogen and by setting. •  Unsupervised machine learning classifies pathogens into distinct epidemiological archetypes. •  Pathogens can be allocated into defined groups outlining plausible parameter ranges across epidemiologically similar pathogens. Abstract Introduction In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic many countries are trying to widen their pandemic planning from its traditional focus on influenza . However, it is impossible to draw up detailed plans for every pathogen with epidemic potential. We set out to try to simplify this process by reviewing the epidemiology of a range of pathogens with pandemic potential and seeing whether they fall into groups with shared epidemiological traits. Methods We reviewed the epidemiological characteristics of 19 different pathogens with pandemic potential (those on the WHO priority list of pathogens, different strains of influenza and Mpox). We extracted data on key pa...

  Clin Infect Dis BIEBELBERG B, Chen T, McKenna C, Kanjilal S, et al Associations between antibiotic use and outcomes in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia and positive respiratory viral assays. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 11:ciaf687. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Emerg Infect Dis BRAUNFELD JB, Traub E, Chiou H, Amoon AT, et al Community-Driven, Text Message-Based COVID-19 Surveillance System, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 2020-2024. Emerg Infect Dis. 2025;31:2109-2117. PubMed           Abstract available Int J Infect Dis LI H, LiuPhD J, Fang Q, Li Z, et al Pathogen-specific immunity debt in children after prolonged nonpharmaceutical interventions: a cross-sectional study in China. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 3:108278. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108278. PubMed           Abstract available JIANG Z, Shan T, Li Y, Han F, et ...

  Am J Respir Crit Care Med SARMA A, Christenson SA, Shoshana BZ, Oliveira AP, et al Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Molecular Phenotypes Have Distinct Lower Respiratory Tract Transcriptomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025;211:2352-2362. PubMed           Abstract available Ann Intern Med SOUMARE A, Kapfer T, Botrel T, Adda L, et al Systemic Corticosteroids, Mortality, and Infections in Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.7326/ANNALS-25-03055. PubMed           Abstract available BMJ LOGAN M FDA claims 10 child deaths caused by covid-19 vaccine, vows to tighten vaccine approvals. BMJ. 2025;391:r2546. PubMed          Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol NEO YN, Martinez-Alvarez L, Davagnanam I, Girafa G, et al Treatment of post-vaccination optic neuritis: implications from the glob...

  BMJ Analysis of peer reviewers' response to invitations by gender and geographical region: cohort study of manuscripts reviewed at 19 biomedical journals before and during covid-19 pandemic. BMJ. 2025;391:r2507. PubMed          Clin Infect Dis NGUYEN VAN JC, Pilmis B, El Helali N, Azria E, et al Implementing POCT in infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 27:ciaf650. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available PANAGIOTOPOULOS AP, Anastassopoulou C, Tsakris A, Ioannidis JPA, et al Effective Antivirals in Pandemic Preparedness: Past Mistakes, Future Needs. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 25:ciaf648. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Int J Infect Dis HEMPEL H, Xue H, La Shu S, Jain S, et al Cancer and COVID-19: A review of Immune Insights and Partnerships to Inform Public Health Strategy. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 24:108252. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2...

  Abstract From 2006 through 2008, 543 synanthropic Rattus norvegicus were sampled from 20 alleys clustered in five high-density human neighborhoods throughout Baltimore, Maryland, USA . Results indicated that rat coronaviruses (RCV) circulated endemically and infected most rats in the region. Collected animals were tested by serology and RT-PCR for evidence of exposure to RCV and the results were used to characterize the epizootiology of natural infection. Serology showed that 71.8% of rats had IgG antibodies to RCV, indicating previous exposure, while only 3.0% showed evidence of recent infection based on positive PCR results. Incidence was estimated at 16% per month . Antibody and PCR results were uniformly distributed throughout the city. Consistent with historical laboratory studies, RCV appeared to be horizontally transmitted and generated an acute infection with a short period of infectiousness . Evidence of past infection increased with rat age but did not differ significan...

  Clin Infect Dis LIANG C, Judy J, Chilson EL, Kelly SP, et al Estimating Risk of Guillain-Barre Syndrome in US Medicare-Enrolled Older Adults Following Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: A Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 14:ciaf621. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available ZUGER A Home testing for contagious illness: Historical context and modern caveats. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 14:ciaf623. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Int J Infect Dis AHMAD WA, Wolff-Sagy Y, Battat E, Arbel R, et al Mortality following recovery from COVID-19 hospitalization: a long-term cohort study. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 13:108223. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108223. PubMed           Abstract available WANG C, Gao Y, Li W, Du J, et al Short-Term Risks of Influenza and COVID-19 Following Influenza Infection: A...

  ABSTRACT Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a bat-originated virus causing severe diseases in piglets . Since the 2016 outbreak , diverse SADS-related CoVs (SADSr-CoVs) have been detected in Rhinolophus bats in China and Southeast Asia , but their potential interspecies infection and pathogenicity remain unknown. Herein, we sequenced the spike (S) genes of bat SADSr-CoVs and classified them into four genotypes . We constructed an infectious SADS-CoV cDNA clone (rSADS-CoV) and nine recombinant viruses by replacing the SADS-CoV S gene with that of bat SADSr-CoVs. Recombinant SADSr-CoVs could replicate efficiently in respiratory and intestinal cell lines and human- and swine-derived organoids and caused varying tissue damage and mortality in suckling mice. These viruses can be classified into at least five serotypes based on cross-neutralization assays . Our findings highlight the potential risk of interspecies infection and provide important information for fut...

  Int J Infect Dis SILVA CAC, Bomfim AP, Medeiros JD, Silva JJ, et al Nasal Microbiota and Clinical Features in Acute Flu-Like Illness: COVID-19 Status and Long COVID Follow-Up. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 11:108196. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108196. PubMed           Abstract available SONG J, Jeong S, Chun AY, Jung J, et al Incidence of Respiratory Infections after the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023-2024) and Its Association of Vaccination Among Entire Populations in Korea. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108194. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108194. PubMed           Abstract available VERGORI A, Matusali G, Lepri AC, Cimini E, et al Supporting equitable booster strategies: one-year real-world immunogenicity data in people with HIV (PWH) receiving different variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108189. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108189. PubMed           Ab...

  {Excerpt} The constant emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has driven the COVID-19 pandemic and sustains the current endemic . Saltation variants , such as BA.2.86 ,1 encode highly mutated spike (S) proteins that efficiently evade neutralising antibodies . In November, 2024, a potential saltation variant, BA.3.2 , was detected in South Africa but its spread remained uncertain. Early studies on BA.3.2 did not include comparisons among its subvariants or with dominant variants NB.1.8.1 and XFG.2 ,3 Moreover, the effect of the often overlooked S protein insertion of Ala-Ser-Asp-Thr at position 214 remained unexamined. In this Correspondence, we provide an epidemiological and virological update on BA.3.2, with the use of BA.3 (parental lineage) and NB.1.8.1 and XFG (currently prevalent) as references. (...) Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases,  https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00658-9/fulltext?rss=yes ____

  Acad Emerg Med OHLE R, Roy D, Baraku E, Patel K, et al A Prospective Multi-Center Implementation Study to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Acad Emerg Med. 2025 Nov 3. doi: 10.1111/acem.70177. PubMed           Abstract available Am J Obstet Gynecol YE Y, Mahati S, Aihemaiti W, Lu G, et al A postpartum-adapted algorithm for safe management of suspected pulmonary embolism: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2025 Nov 1:S0002-9378(25)00813. PubMed           Abstract available Antiviral Res DENG X, Zou J, Liang Z, Ren P, et al A Dual-Reporter HCoV-OC43 for Coronavirus Biology and Countermeasure Development. Antiviral Res. 2025 Nov 3:106306. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106306. PubMed           Abstract available BMJ WISE J Covid-19: Major study compares myocarditis risk in children after vaccination or infec...

  Clin Infect Dis CALABRESE C, Wang Y, Duggal A, Huang S, et al Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir or Molnupiravir Use in Immunocompromised Patients on B-Cell-Depleting Therapy With COVID-19: A Target Trial Emulation Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 24:ciaf521. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available FONG Y, Huang Y, Huang Y, Woo W, et al Analysis of antibody markers as immune correlates of risk of severe COVID-19 in the PREVENT-19 efficacy trial of the NVX-CoV2373 recombinant protein vaccine. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 25:ciaf558. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available KABORE JL, Laffont B, Diop M, Tardif MR, et al Real-World Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization: A Population-Based Cohort Study in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 29:ciaf145. doi: 10.1093. PubMed    ...

  Br J Anaesth THOMAS C, Pearse RM Socioeconomic deprivation and health inequity: independently associated with postoperative outcomes, and does this matter? Br J Anaesth. 2025;135:1141-1143. PubMed           Abstract available Clin Infect Dis TARTOF SY, Aliabadi N, Goodwin G, Slezak J, et al Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults: Findings From the First Postlicensure Season. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 21:ciaf496. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available MANABE YC, Hamill MM, Palamountain KM, Achenbach CJ, et al The Critical Importance of Clinical Use Case to Inform Point-of-Care Technology Development: A Case Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleic Acid Assays in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 23:ciaf510. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Graefe...

  ABSTRACT Common cold coronaviruses, such as OC43 and HKU1, typically cause mild respiratory infections in healthy people. However, they can lead to severe illness in high-risk groups , including immunocompromised individuals and older adults. Currently, there is no clinically approved vaccine to prevent infection by common cold coronaviruses. Here, we developed an mRNA vaccine expressing a stabilized spike protein derived from OC43 coronavirus and tested its efficacy in different challenge models in C57BL/6 mice . This novel OC43 vaccine elicited OC43-specific immune responses, as well as cross-reactive immune response against other embecoviruses , including HKU1 and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59). Interestingly, this OC43 vaccine protected mice not only against a lethal OC43 infection but also against a distant embecovirus, MHV-A59. These findings provide insights for the development of common cold coronavirus vaccines, demonstrating their potential to protect against various c...

  Abstract Background :  The COVID-19 pandemic , driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become an unprecedented global public health challenge . Comprehensive investigation of the virus transmission dynamics requires exploration of all potential routes , including the role of animal reservoirs . This study aimed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies in urban rodents captured within two landscape units (low-income neighborhoods and green spaces) in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires (MABA), Argentina. Methods :  Between July 2020 and September 2022, 125 synanthropic rodents (68 Rattus norvegicus, 22 R. rattus, and 35 Mus musculus) from seven low-income neighborhoods and seven green spaces in the MABA were captured and examined for SARS-CoV-2 exposure and infection by indirect immunofluorescence serology and RT-qPCR, targeting the N, E, and ORF1ab genes. Results :  Two M. musculus and six R. norvegicus from five different low-income neighborhoods test...