ETIDIOH - NEW

  Clin Infect Dis CALABRESE C, Wang Y, Duggal A, Huang S, et al Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir or Molnupiravir Use in Immunocompromised Patients on B-Cell-Depleting Therapy With COVID-19: A Target Trial Emulation Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 24:ciaf521. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available FONG Y, Huang Y, Huang Y, Woo W, et al Analysis of antibody markers as immune correlates of risk of severe COVID-19 in the PREVENT-19 efficacy trial of the NVX-CoV2373 recombinant protein vaccine. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 25:ciaf558. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available KABORE JL, Laffont B, Diop M, Tardif MR, et al Real-World Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization: A Population-Based Cohort Study in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 29:ciaf145. doi: 10.1093. PubMed    ...

  Br J Anaesth THOMAS C, Pearse RM Socioeconomic deprivation and health inequity: independently associated with postoperative outcomes, and does this matter? Br J Anaesth. 2025;135:1141-1143. PubMed           Abstract available Clin Infect Dis TARTOF SY, Aliabadi N, Goodwin G, Slezak J, et al Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults: Findings From the First Postlicensure Season. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 21:ciaf496. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available MANABE YC, Hamill MM, Palamountain KM, Achenbach CJ, et al The Critical Importance of Clinical Use Case to Inform Point-of-Care Technology Development: A Case Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleic Acid Assays in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 23:ciaf510. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Graefe...

  ABSTRACT Common cold coronaviruses, such as OC43 and HKU1, typically cause mild respiratory infections in healthy people. However, they can lead to severe illness in high-risk groups , including immunocompromised individuals and older adults. Currently, there is no clinically approved vaccine to prevent infection by common cold coronaviruses. Here, we developed an mRNA vaccine expressing a stabilized spike protein derived from OC43 coronavirus and tested its efficacy in different challenge models in C57BL/6 mice . This novel OC43 vaccine elicited OC43-specific immune responses, as well as cross-reactive immune response against other embecoviruses , including HKU1 and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59). Interestingly, this OC43 vaccine protected mice not only against a lethal OC43 infection but also against a distant embecovirus, MHV-A59. These findings provide insights for the development of common cold coronavirus vaccines, demonstrating their potential to protect against various c...

  Abstract Background :  The COVID-19 pandemic , driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become an unprecedented global public health challenge . Comprehensive investigation of the virus transmission dynamics requires exploration of all potential routes , including the role of animal reservoirs . This study aimed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies in urban rodents captured within two landscape units (low-income neighborhoods and green spaces) in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires (MABA), Argentina. Methods :  Between July 2020 and September 2022, 125 synanthropic rodents (68 Rattus norvegicus, 22 R. rattus, and 35 Mus musculus) from seven low-income neighborhoods and seven green spaces in the MABA were captured and examined for SARS-CoV-2 exposure and infection by indirect immunofluorescence serology and RT-qPCR, targeting the N, E, and ORF1ab genes. Results :  Two M. musculus and six R. norvegicus from five different low-income neighborhoods test...

  AJR Am J Roentgenol LITTLE BP Imaging and Reporting of Post-COVID-19 Lung Abnormalities at CT: International Panel of Experts Provides Welcome Guidance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2025 Oct 15. doi: 10.2214/AJR.25.33999. PubMed          Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ELHAISSOUNI N, Arthur A, Prochaska EC, Colantuoni E, et al Association of pandemic precautions and Staphylococcus aureus in the NICU. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2025 Oct 13:1-3. doi: 10.1017/ice.2025.10319. PubMed           Abstract available Int J Infect Dis OPPONG AE, Coelewij L, Hutchinson M, Carpenter B, et al Simple hyperinflammation scores predict mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and offer a personalised medicine approach to dexamethasone intervention. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 13:108119. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108119. PubMed           Abstract available J Infect TANG X, Ma T, Yao Z,...

  Abstract SARS-like betacoronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) endemic in bats pose a significant zoonotic threat to humans . Genetic pathways associated with spillover of bat sarbecoviruses into humans are incompletely understood. We previously showed that the wild-type spike of the rhinolophid bat coronavirus SHC014-CoV has poor entry activity and uncovered two distinct genetic pathways outside the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that increased spike opening, ACE2 binding , and cell entry. Herein, we show that the widely studied bat sarbecovirus WIV1-CoV is likely a cell culture-adapted variant whose progenitor bears a spike resembling that of Rs3367-CoV, which was sequenced from the same population of rhinolophid bats as SHC014-CoV. Our findings suggest that the acquisition of a single amino-acid substitution in the ‘630-loop’ of the S1 subunit was the key spike adaptation event during the successful isolation of WIV1-CoV, and that it enhances spike opening, virus-receptor recognition, a...

  Antiviral Res SCHRELL L, Scheibner D, Dickmanns A, Stegmann KM, et al Inhibitors of pyrimidine synthesis synergize with N4-hydroxycytidine to diminish influenza virus replication. Antiviral Res. 2025 Oct 3:106286. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106286. PubMed           Abstract available BMJ WISE J Covid-19: Excluding doctors from vaccination programme puts patients at risk, clinicians warn. BMJ. 2025;391:r2141. PubMed          Clin Infect Dis ATMAR RL, Abate G, Deming ME, George SL, et al Emerging and Pandemic Pathogens: Lessons Learned From a Clinical Research Network. Clin Infect Dis. 2025;81. PubMed           Abstract available JANO K, Babu TM, Kottkamp AC, Rebolledo PA, et al Historical Advances in Clinical Trial Design and Expanding Representation as the New Frontier for Innovation. Clin Infect Dis. 2025;81. PubMed         ...

  Abstract Viral diseases cause significant economic losses within the equine population. Horses are susceptible to equine coronavirus (ECoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), although only ECoV has been associated to clinical disease . The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time in Algeria , the seroprevalence of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the prevalence of ECoV infection in horses . In 2022, a total of 299 serum samples was collected from horses aged 1 to 27 years . Serological analysis for the presence of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 was performed using a validated in-house and a commercially available ELISA, respectively. In addition, fecal samples of these animals were tested for the presence of ECoV RNA by RT-qPCR . SARS-CoV-2-ELISA positive sera with high S/P ratios and negative samples close to the doubtful threshold were retested using a virus neutralization test ( VNT ). The seroprevalence of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the teste...

  Int J Infect Dis TENG Z, Li L, Che T, Liang J, et al A Novel Balamuthia Lineage Causing Fatal Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis in an Immunocompetent Infant. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Sep 17:108063. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108063. PubMed           Abstract available J Med Virol PLICANTI E, Deiana A, Nottoli S, Lottini G, et al A Pyrido-Quinoxaline Derivative That Downregulates Reticulon 3 Protein Exhibits Potent Antiviral Activity Against Zika Virus. J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70605. PubMed           Abstract available J Virol TSUJINO S, Tsuda M, Nao N, Okumura K, et al Evolution of BA.2.86 to JN.1 reveals that functional changes in non-structural viral proteins are required for fitness of SARS-CoV-2. J Virol. 2025 Sep 23:e0090825. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00908. PubMed           Abstract available HAMMER E, Flynn C, Rossler J, Erder J, et al Prediction of COVID-19 disease pr...

  Int J Infect Dis TENG Z, Li L, Che T, Liang J, et al A Novel Balamuthia Lineage Causing Fatal Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis in an Immunocompetent Infant. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Sep 17:108063. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108063. PubMed           Abstract available J Med Virol PLICANTI E, Deiana A, Nottoli S, Lottini G, et al A Pyrido-Quinoxaline Derivative That Downregulates Reticulon 3 Protein Exhibits Potent Antiviral Activity Against Zika Virus. J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70605. PubMed           Abstract available J Virol TSUJINO S, Tsuda M, Nao N, Okumura K, et al Evolution of BA.2.86 to JN.1 reveals that functional changes in non-structural viral proteins are required for fitness of SARS-CoV-2. J Virol. 2025 Sep 23:e0090825. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00908. PubMed           Abstract available HAMMER E, Flynn C, Rossler J, Erder J, et al Prediction of COVID-19 disease pr...

  ABSTRACT Given the recurring threat of coronavirus outbreaks, understanding the specificity of coronaviruses in terms of their host, tissue, and cell tropism is crucial . This review consolidates and critically assesses the current literature on the tropism of endemic, epidemic, and pandemic coronaviruses . We explore different levels of tropism , including species tropism (virus preference for specific host species), host cell tropism (virus specificity for particular cell types), and tissue tropism (specificity for certain tissues or organs). This review compiles extensive basic research, particularly from recent years, to provide critical insights into the viral mechanisms that are key to improving future pandemic preparedness. Source: mBio,  https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02437-25 ____

  Highlights •  Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus was first detected in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. •  Since 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome caused 2626 confirmed cases. •  20% of cases involve contact with dromedary camels or their products. •  Human-to-human spread occurs, mainly in healthcare settings. •  A case fatality rate is 36-40%. Source: IJID Regions,  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707625001663?via%3Dihub ____

  J Infect GRANVIK C, Persson IL, Barros GWF, Ahlm C, et al Long-term Physical Capacity Following COVID-19: A Prospective, Three-Year Study. J Infect. 2025 Sep 12:106614. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106614. PubMed           Abstract available J Med Virol BADAR N, Salman M, Ahad A, Mirza HA, et al Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in Pakistan's 2025 COVID-19 Resurgence: Insights From Genomic Surveillance. J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70607. PubMed          LIU S, Shao C, Ding Y, Wang Y, et al Ubiquitination: A Double-Edged Mechanism in Coronavirus Infections. J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70589. PubMed           Abstract available J Virol CHIOK KL, Jenik K, Fenton M, Falzarano D, et al MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection in diverse human lung organoid-derived cultures. J Virol. 2025 Sep 18:e0109825. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01098. PubMed           Abstract availa...

  ABSTRACT Cell cultures are widely used to study infectious respiratory diseases and to test therapeutics; however, they do not faithfully recapitulate the architecture and complexity of the human respiratory tract . Lung organoids have emerged as an alternative model that partially overcomes this key disadvantage. Lung organoids can be cultured in various formats that offer potential for studying highly pathogenic viruses . However, the effects of these different formats on virus infection remain unexplored, leaving their relative value unclear. In this study, we generated primary lung organoids from human donor cells and used them to derive monolayers and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures with the goal of comparing the replication kinetics of two circulating highly pathogenic coronaviruses , severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV ). Infection studies revealed that organoid-derived monolayers di...

  Am J Respir Crit Care Med GORDHAN BG, Sewcharran A, Waja Z, Martinson N, et al Oral Rinse as an Alternative Diagnostic Specimen for Detection of Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025 Sep 12. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202503-0723. PubMed          CRESCIOLI E, Klitgaard TL, Riis JO, Weinreich UM, et al Oxygenation Targets and Long-Term Cognitive and Pulmonary Functions in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025 Sep 8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202412-2499. PubMed           Abstract available Clin Infect Dis NADIG N, Bhimraj A, Cawcutt K, Chiotos K, et al 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on the Treatment and Management of COVID-19: Abatacept. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Sep 9:ciaf354. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol WILLIAMS V, Volpentesta K, Avaness M, Chan C, ...

  Br J Anaesth STEPHENS JR, Iki Y, Yasuda T, Brown E, et al Human neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles induce renal endothelial inflammation in critical illness: an ex vivo investigation. Br J Anaesth. 2025 Aug 27:S0007-0912(25)00448-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2025. PubMed           Abstract available Clin Infect Dis YONG MK, Thursky K, Crane M, Spelman T, et al Interferon-alpha Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Aug 28:ciaf409. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Emerg Infect Dis DRATCH AH, Le M, Zahn M Increased Incidence of Candida auris Colonization in Early COVID-19 Pandemic, Orange County, California, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2025;31:1747-1754. PubMed           Abstract available J Med Virol CHAUVEL C, Casalegno JS, Visseaux B, Vieillefond V, e...