ETIDIOH - NEW

  Situation at a glance Since the beginning of 2025 and as of 21 December 2025, a total of 19 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV), including four deaths have been reported to WHO globally.  Of the 19 cases, 17 were reported by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and two were reported from France .  Between 4 June and 21 December 2025, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of KSA reported a total of seven cases of MERS-CoV infection, including two deaths .  In addition , at the beginning of December 2025, the National IHR Focal Point (IHR NFP) for France also reported two MERS-CoV travel – associated cases ; involving individuals with recent travel to countries in the Arabian Peninsula.  The notification of these latest cases does not change the overall risk assessment , which remains moderate at both the global and regional levels .  These cases show that the virus continues to pose a threat in countries where it is circulating in dromed...

  {Eurasian Teal} {Eurasian Wigeon} {Mute Swan} ___ This is a new event opened to report outbreaks for which the N subtype could not be determined due to insufficient diagnostic material; in these cases, only the presence of H5 can be confirmed. Three Common Teals (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Lombardy) , two Eurasian Wigeons (Friuli Venezia Giulia), one Mute Swan (Lombardy).  Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7144 ____

  The Official Veterinary Service (OVS) of the state of Mato Grosso received a notification of a suspected case influenza A viruses of high pathogenicity in domestic birds from a multi-species backyard , on December 20, 2025. Official Laboratory (LFDA-SP) analysis confirmed the presence of the H5N1 virus, clade 2.3.4.4b. The premises have been placed under quarantine. Birds will be culled, and carcasses, products, and any potentially contaminated materials will be destroyed. The OVS is currently conducting an epidemiological investigation in the surrounding area. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7147 ____

{Excerpt}  Avian influenza A(H9N2) :  -- Guangdong Province :  1) An individual with onset in November 2025.  -- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region :  2) An individual with onset in November 2025.  -- Hubei Province:  3) An individual with onset in November 2025.  (...) Source:  Link:  https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2025_avian_influenza_report_vol21_wk51.pdf ____

{Summary} Highlights     • All clades of monkeypox virus (MPXV) continue to circulate.  - Unless mpox outbreaks are rapidly contained and human-to-human transmission is interrupted , there is a risk of sustained community transmission .   • In November 2025, 48 countries across all WHO regions reported a total of 2150 new confirmed mpox cases , including five deaths ( case fatality ratio [CFR] 0.2%).  - About 68% of these cases were reported in the African Region .  - Four regions observed a decline in confirmed cases in November, compared to October 2025, while the European and Western Pacific regions reported more cases than the previous month.      • Nineteen countries in Africa reported active transmission of mpox in the last six weeks (2 November– 14 December 2025), with 1435 confirmed cases , including seven deaths (CFR 0.5%).  - Countries reporting the highest number of cases in this period are the Democratic Republic of the ...

  Influenza at the human-animal interface  Summary and risk assessment, from 6 November to 19 December 2025 {1} -- New human cases {1,2}:  - From 6 November to 19 December 2025, based on reporting date , the detection of influenza A( H5N1 ) in one human , A( H5N5 ) in one human , A( H9N2 ) in seven humans , and an influenza A( H1N1 ) variant virus in one human were reported officially.  - In addition , one human case of infection with an influenza A( H1N2 ) variant virus was detected.  -- Circulation of influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals :  - High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) events in poultry and non-poultry animal species continue to be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).{3}  - The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also provides a global update on avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.{4}  - Additionally, low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses as well a...

  ~155K laying chickens’ flock. Samples taken were positive for HPAI H5N1. Birds presented clinical signs prior to testing. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7139 ____

  WASHINGTON, D.C., December 19, 2025 On December 14, 2025, USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a dairy herd in Wisconsin .  On December 17 , the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) completed whole genome sequencing and confirmed that the virus is H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1.  Analysis indicates that this detection is a new spillover event from wildlife into dairy cattle, separate from previous events. Key Points -- Most detections in U.S. dairy herds have resulted from movements linked to the original spillover event that occurred in the Texas Panhandle in late 2023, involving the B3.13 strain . -- In early 2025, through the National Milk Testing Strategy , USDA detected two spillover events in Nevada and Arizona dairy herds. Both were identified early, and no further herd infections occurred through animal movements. These events involved the D1.1 strain...