Avian #Influenza #H9N2 - #Italy (#WHO, D.O.N., April 10 2026)

 

Situation at a glance

-- On 21 March 2026, the National International Health Regulations (IHR) Focal Point for Italy notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of the identification of a human case of avian influenza A(H9) in an adult male returning from Senegal. 

- Next generation sequencing confirmed Influenza A(H9N2). 

- According to epidemiological investigations, the patient had no known history of exposure to poultry or any person with similar symptoms prior to the onset of symptoms. 

- Authorities in Italy have implemented a series of measures aimed at monitoring, preventing and controlling the situation. 

- According to the IHR (2005), a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus subtype is an event that has the potential for high public health impact and must be notified to the WHO. 

- This is the first imported human case of avian Influenza A(H9N2) reported in the European Region. 

- Based on currently available information, WHO assesses the current risk to the general population posed by A(H9N2) viruses as low but continues to monitor these viruses and the situation globally.

Description of the situation

-- On 21 March 2026, the National IHR Focal Point for Italy notified WHO of the identification of a human case of avian influenza A(H9) in an adult male.

-- The patient had been in Senegal for more than six months and traveled to Italy in mid-March. Upon arrival, he visited the emergency department with a fever and a persistent cough.

-- On 16 March, a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen was collected, which showed a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis result, as well as detection of un-subtypeable influenza A virus. The patient was placed in a negative-pressure isolation room with airborne precautions. He was treated with antitubercular medication and antiviral oseltamivir. By 9 April, his condition was stable and improving.

-- On 20 March, a regional reference laboratory identified the A(H9) subtype, and on 21 March, next-generation sequencing confirmed influenza A(H9N2). Initial genetic findings suggest the infection was likely acquired from an avian source linked to Senegal. Additional samples have been sent to Italy’s National Influenza Center, where further characterization confirmed virus subtype Influenza A(H9N2), with close genetic similarity to strains previously identified in poultry in Senegal.

-- No direct exposure to animals, wildlife or rural environments was identified. There was also no reported contact with symptomatic or confirmed human cases. Further epidemiological investigations on the source of exposure are ongoing.

-- Contacts identified in Senegal were asymptomatic. All identified and traced contacts in Italy have tested negative for influenza and completed the period of active monitoring for the onset of symptoms and the quarantine required by national guidelines. They also received oseltamivir as a preventive measure. 

Epidemiology

-- Animal influenza viruses normally circulate in animals but can also infect people. Infections in humans have primarily been acquired through direct contact with infected animals or through indirect contact with contaminated environments. Depending on the original host, influenza A viruses can be classified as avian influenza, swine influenza, or other types of animal influenza viruses.

-- Avian influenza virus infections in humans may cause diseases ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to more severe diseases and can be fatal. Conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal symptoms, encephalitis and encephalopathy have also been reported.

-- Laboratory tests are required to diagnose human infection with influenza. WHO periodically updates technical guidance protocols for the detection of zoonotic influenza using molecular methods. 

-- Human infections with influenza A(H9) viruses have been reported from countries in Africa and Asia, where these viruses are also detected in poultry. The majority of cases of human avian influenza A(H9N2) infection have been reported from China. This is the first imported human case of avian Influenza A(H9N2) virus infection reported in the European Region. 

Public health response

-- Contact tracing procedures have been initiated, and relevant authorities in Italy, as well as internationally (National IHR Focal Point for Senegal, WHO, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)) have been informed through IHR channels. Once avian influenza was suspected, the response moved quickly from hospital-level management to regional laboratory confirmation and national coordination. Additionally, the regional surveillance system was notified, integrated within the One Health avian influenza reporting framework.

WHO risk assessment

-- Most reported human cases of A(H9N2) virus infection have been linked to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments, with the majority of cases experiencing mild clinical illness. Sporadic human cases following exposure to infected birds or contaminated environments can be expected since the virus remains enzootic in poultry populations. Avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses have been detected in poultry and environmental samples collected at live bird markets in Senegal and authorities in the country reported a human case of infection with an A(H9N2) virus in 2020.

-- Current epidemiological and virological evidence indicates that none of the characterized influenza A(H9N2) viruses thus far have acquired the ability for sustained transmission among humans. Thus, the likelihood of sustained human-to-human spread is low at this time. Infected individuals traveling internationally from affected areas may be identified in another country during or after arrival. However, if this were to occur, further community-level spread is considered unlikely. The risk assessment would be revisited if and when further epidemiological and virological information becomes available.

WHO advice

-- This case does not change the current WHO recommendations on public health measures and surveillance of influenza.

-- The public should avoid contact with high-risk environments such as live animal markets/farms or surfaces that might be contaminated by poultry feces. Respiratory protection is highly recommended for those handling live or dead (including slaughtering) poultry in occupational or backyard-farming settings. Good hand hygiene, i.e. frequent washing of hands or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer is recommended. WHO does not recommend any specific additional measures for travelers.

-- Under Article 6 of the IHR, all human infections caused by a new subtype of influenza virus are notifiable. The case definition for notification of human influenza infection caused by a new subtype under the IHR is provided here. State Parties to the IHR are required to immediately notify WHO of any laboratory-confirmed case of a human infection caused by such an influenza A virus.

-- WHO advises against the application of any travel or trade restrictions based on the current information available on this event. 

Further information

-- WHO fact sheet on Influenza (avian and other zoonotic): https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic)

-- WHO Global influenza programme, human-animal interface: https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/avian-influenza

-- WHO Monthly Risk Assessment Summary: Influenza at the human-animal interface: https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/avian-influenza/monthly-risk-assessment-summary

-- Protocol to investigate non-seasonal influenza and other emerging acute respiratory diseases: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-WHE-IHM-GIP-2018.2

-- World Health Organization. Public health resource pack for countries experiencing outbreaks of influenza in animals: revised guidance: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240076884

-- Implementing the integrated sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses of epidemic and pandemic potential by the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240101432

-- Case definitions for the four diseases requiring notification in all circumstances under the International Health Regulations (2005): https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/case-definitions-for-the-four-diseases-requiring-notification-to-who-in-all-circumstances-under-the-ihr-(2005)

-- Mosaic Respiratory Surveillance Framework: https://www.who.int/initiatives/mosaic-respiratory-surveillance-framework/

-- Practical interim guidance to reduce the risk of infection in people exposed to avian influenza viruses: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09116

-- Antigenic and molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 through 2019: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03213105v1

-- Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses from Live Bird Markets (LBM) in Senegal: https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010073

-- Genetic characterization of the first detected human case of low pathogenic avian influenza A/H9N2 in sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1763858

-- ECDC. First human case of influenza A(H9N2) infection imported in the EU: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/first-human-case-influenza-ah9n2-infection-imported-eu

-- Ministry of Health, Italy. Influenza A (H9N2) virus case identified in Lombardy. Routine surveillance and prevention procedures activated: https://www.salute.gov.it/new/it/comunicato-stampa/virus-influenzale-h9n2-identificato-caso-lombardia-attivate-le-ordinarie/

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Citable reference: World Health Organization (10 April 2026). Disease Outbreak News: Avian Influenza A(H9N2) in Italy. Available at: https://www/who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2026-DON597

Source: 

Link: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2026-DON597

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#USA, #Wastewater Data for Avian #Influenza #H5 (#CDC, April 10 '26, summary)

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Time Period: March 29, 2026 - April 04, 2026

-- A(H5) Detection: 7 site(s) (1.6%)

-- No Detection: 430 site(s) (98.4%)

-- No samples: 125 site(s)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov/wastewater/emerging-viruses/h5.html

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#Norway - #Influenza A #HxNx viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

{A Canada Goose}

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{A Greylag Goose}

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A wild Greylag Goose and a wild Canada Goose in Innlandet and Østfold Regions.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7424

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Avian #Influenza #Report - From March 29 to April 4, 2026 (Wk 14) (#HK PRC SAR CHP, April 8 '26): 1 #H5N1 case in #Cambodia, 1 #H7H7 case in #Taiwan

{Excerpts}

(...)

1) H5N1

-- Date of report: 31/03/2026 

-- Country: Cambodia 

-- Province / Region: Oddar Meanchey province

-- District / City: Banteay Ampil district 

-- Sex: Male

-- Age: 3 

-- Condition at time of reporting: Hospitalised 

-- Subtype of virus  H5N1 

(...)

2) H7N7

-- Place of occurrence: Taiwan, China

-- No. of cases  (No. of deaths): 1(0)

-- Details:   

- Avian influenza A(H7N7): 

* Central Taiwan: A man in his 70s who works in a poultry farm with onset on March 20, 2026. 

* This is the first locally-acquired human case of avian influenza A(H7N7) reported in Taiwan, China. 

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2026_avian_influenza_report_vol22_wk14.pdf

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#Chile - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

All [Backyard] birds at the site were culled; surveillance measures continue in the control zone. [Region: Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins]

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7400

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#Russia - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification [FINAL]

 

A wild Greylag Goose in Kalmyk Region.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7410

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#USA, DOH and #CDC Investigate Invasive Group A Streptococcal (#IGAS) Infections in West #Hawaii (April 7 '26)

 

HONOLULU — The Hawaiʻi Department of Health (DOH) and Hawaiʻi District Health Office are working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to investigate a report of high rates of a serious bacterial infection called invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) in West Hawaiʻi.

This investigation began after a local physician identified a higher-than-expected number of patients with iGAS over a period of several months and informed DOH. 

While DOH routinely monitors these infections, historically Hawaiʻi has had higher rates than the national average. 

This investigation will help determine whether the number of people with iGAS is increasing in West Hawaiʻi and better understand possible causes and risk factors of this infection.

The goals of this investigation are to confirm whether there is an increase in the number of people with iGAS in West Hawaiʻi, identify risk factors, evaluate disease reporting, and better understand how infections may be occurring in the community. 

Investigators will also compare local trends with other areas of the state and analyze laboratory data to identify any patterns among people with iGAS infections.

Group A Streptococcus bacteria are commonly found on the skin or in the throat and often do not cause an infection. 

When infections do occur, they are usually mild illnesses such as strep throat or skin infection. 

In rare cases, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream or other normally sterile parts of the body. This is called invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS), which can be serious. Early treatment with antibiotics is effective, especially when care is given promptly.

Some people are at higher risk for severe illness. These include older adults and individuals with chronic medical conditions such as heart, kidney, or respiratory disease and diabetes. People with weakened immune systems, those with open wounds or skin infections — and people experiencing homelessness or who inject drugs may also be at increased risk. 

In addition, recent viral infections such as influenza or chickenpox can increase one’s risk. The specific causes of the elevated iGAS illnesses in West Hawaiʻi are not yet known, so DOH and CDC are investigating.

DOH encourages the public to take simple steps to reduce the risk of infection. 

- Keep cuts and wounds clean and covered until they heal and 

- wash hands regularly with soap and water. 

- Seek medical care if a wound becomes red, swollen, warm, or produces pus. 

- Anyone experiencing fever, severe pain, or rapidly worsening symptoms should seek medical attention immediately.

DOH and CDC are working closely with healthcare providers and community partners and will continue to provide updates as more information becomes available. At this time, the overall risk to the public is low; however, awareness and early treatment are important to prevent severe iGAS illness.

Source: 

Link: https://health.hawaii.gov/news/newsroom/doh-and-cdc-investigate-invasive-group-a-streptococcal-igas-infections-in-west-hawai%ca%bbi/

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#Chikungunya fever: #Brazil is intensifying its response to address health emergency in Dourados (MoH, April 4 '26)

 

{Edited}

The Brazilian government has intensified its response to the emergency situation in Dourados (MS), given the increase in cases of chikungunya, with the mobilization of an interministerial task force that integrates actions in health, assistance, civil defense, and logistical support in the territory. The emergency affects the population of the municipality, with a greater impact on indigenous communities.

As a reinforcement to the response already underway, the Federal Government has guaranteed more than R$ 3.1 million in emergency resources for the municipality. 

Of this total, R$ 1.3 million , authorized by the Ministry of Integration and Regional Development (MIDR) in a decree published this Thursday (2), will be allocated to relief and humanitarian assistance actions, such as direct support to the population and local response structures. 

Also this Thursday, the National Secretariat for Civil Protection and Defense approved a work plan worth R$ 974,100 for restoration actions, including urban cleaning, waste removal and disposal in a licensed sanitary landfill, with resources to be transferred directly to the municipality.

The Ministry of Health has already transferred R$ 855,300 to the municipality to cover the costs of surveillance, assistance, and control actions related to chikungunya in the region.

The federal response has been underway since mid-March, coordinated by the Ministry of Health, which mobilized the National Health System (SUS) Task Force , reinforced healthcare teams, and intensified vector surveillance and control actions across the territory. 

The operation includes actively searching for cases, conducting home visits, eliminating [mosquitoes] breeding sites, and expanding services to the population, with special attention to the most vulnerable areas, including indigenous territories.

The National Health System Task Force has 40 mobilized professionals , with 26 currently working directly, and has already carried out 1,288 clinical consultations , 81 transfers for medium and high complexity care, and 225 home visits . 

The teams operate both in indigenous territories and in the municipalities of Dourados and Itaporã, supporting local management, together with the Mato Grosso do Sul State Health Secretariat, reorganizing care flows, expanding active case finding, and guaranteeing assistance, health education, and psychosocial care.

Fiocruz mobilized the shipment of pain medication, reinforcing its ability to meet local demand due to the epidemic.

To expand response capacity, the Ministry of Health authorized the emergency hiring of 50 Endemic Disease Control Agents (ACEs). Of these, 20 have already been trained and will enter the field this Friday (3), while another 30 will begin training to work from Monday (6).

In the field of vector control, actions were intensified with the mobilization of approximately 95 professionals , including Community Health Agents and Indigenous Sanitation Agents (AISAN). Between March 9 and 16, 4,319 properties were inspected , of which 2,173 received treatment , identifying 1,004 breeding sites of the Aedes aegypti mosquito , mainly in water storage containers, solid waste, and tires.

Actions were also taken to control the spread of insecticide using ultra-low volume (ULV) methods, including three cycles of vehicle-mounted ULV application and backpack spraying in 43 high-traffic areas, such as schools and health units. The volunteer effort to remove breeding sites mobilized approximately 100 people and resulted in the collection of four dump truckloads of waste.

Vector control will be reinforced with support from the Ministry of Defense. Currently, 40 Brazilian Army soldiers and five vehicles are already in the area , expanding the operational capacity of the mosquito control efforts.

The Ministry of Health also sent 1,000 Larvicide Dissemination Stations (LDSs). Of the first 300 units, 150 have already been installed in priority neighborhoods, with expansion planned for other regions of the municipality.

Through Funai (National Indian Foundation), actions are also underway to provide direct support to indigenous communities in Dourados, focusing on food security and access to water. 

The distribution of 6,000 food baskets is planned , in three stages between April and June, in coordination with the Ministry of Social Development (MDS), the National Supply Company (Conab), the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (Sesai), and Civil Defense. The expansion of the water supply system in the Jaguapiru and Bororó villages has also been authorized to guarantee access to potable water and improve the sanitary conditions of the indigenous communities.

Epidemiological scenario

The most recent epidemiological surveillance data, referring to April 2nd, indicates that the region has registered 2,812 notifications of chikungunya, with 1,198 confirmed, 430 discarded, and 1,184 still under investigation. The highest concentration of cases is in indigenous villages, where 822 cases were confirmed—68.6% of the total confirmations in the region. 

So far, five deaths have been confirmed in Dourados, all among the indigenous population of the municipality.

To strengthen the coordination of actions, the Ministry of Health established a Situation Room in Brasília on March 25th, with permanent meetings to monitor the situation and integrate decisions between technical teams and managers.

Within the indigenous territory, the work is carried out in a coordinated manner between the Ministries of Health, Indigenous Peoples, Integration and Regional Development, Defense, Social Development, Funai (National Indian Foundation), and the Special Indigenous Health District of Mato Grosso do Sul (DSEI-MS), which has 210 Indigenous Health Agents (AIS) and 150 Indigenous Sanitation Agents (Aisan), in addition to logistical support with 91 pickup trucks, 6 vans, and 1 truck.

The actions also include training for health professionals in the municipal and indigenous networks, aligning clinical protocols for diagnosis and proper management of the disease, as well as health education activities in schools and communities. There are also plans to send prevention messages via WhatsApp to more than 234,000 residents , in Portuguese and with translation into indigenous languages.

The response also includes improving the quality of care, with the implementation of the national chikungunya protocol and training of teams for early identification of severe cases and appropriate clinical management.

Source: 

Link: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2026/abril/governo-do-brasil-intensifica-resposta-integrada-e-mobiliza-forca-tarefa-para-enfrentar-emergencia-sanitaria-em-dourados-ms-2

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#USA, #Wastewater Data for Avian #Influenza #H5 (#CDC, April 3 '26)

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Time Period: March 22, 2026 - March 28, 2026

-- H5 Detection: 8 site(s) (1.7%)

-- No Detection: 458 site(s) (98.3%)

-- No samples in last week: 105 site(s)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/wwd-h5.html

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#Taiwan, First locally acquired case of #H7N7 avian #influenza A virus has been released from isolation today (MoH, April 3 '26)

 

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) announced today (April 3) that the first case of local human infection with the H7 subtype of novel influenza A, which was detected recently, has been cured and discharged from isolation today after clinical treatment. 

The patient's condition has continued to improve and all tests have been negative. The patient will continue to be monitored until April 6.

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated that the sputum sample collected from the case on March 27th was genetically sequenced to identify the virus as H7N7, a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI). 

No drug-resistant mutations were found, and the virus remains sensitive to antiviral drugs; the public need not panic. 

The CDC also today, in accordance with the International Health Regulations (IHR), notified the World Health Organization of this first locally acquired H7N7 influenza case through the IHR contact window.

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) explained that since 1959, more than 90 human cases of H7N7 have been reported globally, concentrated before 2003, mainly in Europe. 

Of these, only one case resulted in death, and the vast majority were mild cases of conjunctivitis. 

Subsequently, Italy reported three cases in 2013, also mild cases of conjunctivitis. 

No new human cases have been reported since 2013, but the virus continues to spread and evolve in birds. 

The genetic analysis of the first H7 case in Taiwan showed that it was significantly different from the H7 cases in European human cases 10-20 years ago, and most similar to the H7 cases detected in wild birds in Taiwan over the years. 

No mutations related to enhanced bird-to-human transmission were found, and it is judged to be an isolated event with manageable risks.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reiterates its reminder that workers in the poultry and livestock industries should adhere to disease prevention guidelines, including wearing protective equipment and proper disinfection after handling. 

If respiratory or eye symptoms develop, seek medical attention immediately and inform the animal contact history. 

The public should also follow the "5 Dos and 6 Don'ts" principle to avoid contact with or purchase poultry and livestock products from unknown sources, jointly safeguarding public health and safety. 

More information can be found on the CDC website (https://www.cdc.gov.tw/) or by calling the disease prevention hotline 1922.

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/oWFPJ8DnGZKl-Ygm43iPQQ?typeid=9

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#Chile - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

{Magallanes y Antártica Chilena} All the birds were culled. At this time, the SAG is on the field implementing all surveillance measures in the control zone.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7402

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#Taiwan: First locally acquired #human case of novel avian #H7 #influenza virus has been detected (MoH, edited)

 

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) announced today (March 2nd) the first locally transmitted case of novel H7 subtype avian influenza in Taiwan. 

The patient is a man in his 70s from central Taiwan who works in poultry farming and has a history of chronic illness. 

He developed symptoms of runny nose, cough, and body aches on March 20th and sought medical attention at a hospital on March 22nd due to fever. 

He was admitted to the hospital on the same day. 

Imaging examination revealed pneumonia. 

Based on clinical symptoms, test results, and the patient's contact history, the doctor reported the case as a novel H7 avian influenza and administered antiviral medication. 

Further testing and gene sequencing by the CDC confirmed the virus as H7 subtype avian influenza. 

Sequence analysis showed that this H7 belongs to the Eurasian lineage and is similar to the H7 subtype avian influenza viruses monitored in wild birds (mainly ducks and anadidae) in Taiwan over the years. 

However, it is different from the H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus that circulated in mainland China from 2013 to 2019, and is a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus. 

This morning, the CDC convened a meeting with agricultural authorities and relevant medical and veterinary experts to discuss the case and, based on the test results, confirmed it as a case of novel H7 avian influenza in humans. 

The patient's condition has improved and they are continuing isolation and treatment. 

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated that after the first locally transmitted case of H7 subtype novel influenza A was detected in Taiwan, health and agricultural authorities immediately launched a joint epidemic prevention operation to carry out relevant investigations and prevention measures. 

Health authorities, with the assistance of epidemiologists and the Health Bureau, conducted on-site epidemiological investigations at the patient's residence, poultry farm, and hospital. 

Currently, 33 close contacts are under health monitoring and management, and 3 have been given preventative medication based on risk assessment. 

Tests were conducted on 6 family members, all of whom tested negative. 

Agricultural authorities immediately implemented movement restrictions at the poultry farm, and animal testing results were negative for avian influenza virus. 

To clarify the source of infection, today's expert meeting resolved to request the farm to expand testing at nearby poultry farms and to cooperate with wild bird associations to collect droppings from surrounding wild birds. 

Furthermore, the CDC will continue to cooperate with the farm to obtain the gene sequence of the H7 virus detected in Taiwan for further comparison. 

Health and agricultural authorities will continue to strengthen surveillance of humans and animals, including respiratory viruses and influenza/novel coronavirus pneumonia surveillance in medical institutions, active surveillance of poultry farms and migratory birds, and will cooperate with farmers to promote personal protective measures for poultry farmers and public health education. 

They have also contacted duck farming associations to distribute 40,000-50,000 masks free of charge to duck farmers. 

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) pointed out that, based on current epidemiological investigations and test results, the genetic analysis of this case shows a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus, without any mutations increasing the risk of avian-to-human transmission, and it remains a common avian virus. 

The initial assessment is that this case is an isolated incident. 

Considering the patient's improved condition after treatment, the lack of mutations increasing the risk of avian-to-human transmission in the preliminary genetic analysis, the negative test results at the poultry farm, and the absence of any other family members showing symptoms after the patient's onset, the risk is assessed as controllable, and there is no immediate risk of the outbreak expanding. 

However, to understand the potential risks of this case, they will continue to track the symptoms and test results of contacts, further analyze the virus and trace possible sources of infection, and have activated a joint working group on the risk assessment of zoonotic infectious diseases between agriculture and health authorities to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment. 

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) will notify the World Health Organization (WHO) today through the IHR contact window in accordance with the International Health Regulations (IHR).

According to surveillance data, since the novel influenza A virus was classified as a Category 5 notifiable infectious disease in Taiwan in 2014, a total of 5 sporadic cases have been reported. Besides this case, the others were reported in 2017 (H7N9, imported from outside China), 2021 (H1N2v), 2022 (H1N2v), and 2023 (H1N2v). In addition, there were 4 confirmed cases of H7N9 imported from outside China in 2013-2014; none of the contacts were infected.

The CDC explained that the H7N9 sequence in today's reported case is only closely related to one other human case, H7N4, reported in Jiangsu, China in 2018. The case involves a 68-year-old woman with a history of coronary heart disease and hypertension. She developed symptoms such as cough, weakness, and muscle aches on December 25, 2017, and was hospitalized for pneumonia on January 1, 2018, and discharged on January 22 after recovery. Prior to the onset of illness, the patient had contact with live poultry. Her close contacts did not develop any suspected symptoms during the observation period. The virus remains avian and has not shown resistance to existing antiviral drugs.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reminds workers involved in poultry and livestock farming to implement self-protection measures during operations and to conduct thorough disinfection after work to reduce the risk of infection with the novel influenza A. If symptoms of acute respiratory infection or conjunctivitis appear, seek medical attention immediately and proactively inform healthcare professionals of your occupational history of contact with animals to facilitate early diagnosis. The public is advised to implement the "5 Dos and 6 Don'ts" epidemic prevention principles in daily life:

"5 Dos": Cook meat and eggs thoroughly with soap; wash hands thoroughly with soap; if symptoms appear, wear a mask, seek medical attention immediately, and inform the doctor of your occupation and contact history; those who have long-term contact with poultry and livestock should get vaccinated against influenza; maintain a balanced diet and exercise appropriately.

"6 Don'ts": Don't eat raw poultry, eggs, or poultry products; don't smuggle or buy meat of unknown origin; don't touch or feed poultry and livestock; don't release or discard poultry and livestock indiscriminately; don't mix poultry and livestock with other poultry and livestock; and don't go to places with poor air circulation or crowded places.

For related information, please visit the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control website (https://www.cdc.gov.tw/) or call the toll-free epidemic prevention hotline 1922 (or 0800-001922).

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/bZE85LXA9ZGdCvEJKZe6Cg?typeid=9

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#UK, #England: Notified cases of invasive #meningococcal disease - Updated 2 April 2026 (UKHSA, edited)

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Daily case figures

-- The number of confirmed and probable cases can change when:

- a case is laboratory confirmed

- when the clinical assessment changes, including when new laboratory results are available

- when further epidemiological information is available

-- The figures in Table 1 cannot be used to identify the number of new confirmed or probable cases from one day to the next. This also applies to total cases.

Table 1. Cases of invasive meningococcal disease linked to Canterbury, Kent by day from 16 March 2026

[Date - Total outbreak confirmed cases - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases (subset of total outbreak confirmed cases) - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases with outbreak strain (subset of outbreak confirmed MenB cases) - Outbreak probable cases - Total outbreak cases]

* 01 April 2026 - 21 [note 2] - 21 - 18 - 0 - 21

* 30 March 2026 - 21 [note 2] - 21 - 17 - 0 - 21

* 26 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 1 - 21

* 25 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22

* 24 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22

* 23 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 3 - 23

* 22 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29

* 21 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29

* 20 March 2026 - 23 - 18 - [note 1] - 11 - 34

* 19 March 2026 - 18 - 13 - [note 1] - 11 - 29

* 18 March 2026 - 15 - 9 - [note 1] - 12 -  27

* 17 March 2026 - 9 - 6 - [note 1] - 11 - 20

* 16 March 2026 - [note 1] - 4 - [note 1] - [note 1] - 1

__

Note 1: Information not reported

Note 2: A case initially classified as a confirmed case may be reclassified or discarded when further laboratory results and clinical information are available. This applies to situations where:

- further testing (including results from specialist reference laboratories) rules out meningococcal disease

and 

- there is an alternative diagnosis or where the clinical picture is no longer consistent with meningococcal infection

__

Note: The case numbers presented in Table 1 were confirmed at specific times of day for each of the releases: 16 March 2026 verified at 5:00pm, 17 March 2026 verified at 3:00pm, 18 March 2026 onwards verified at 12:30pm.

-- There have been 2 deaths since the start of the incident.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/invasive-meningococcal-disease-statistical-releases/notified-cases-of-invasive-meningococcal-disease

____

#Chile - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (Inf. with) (#poultry) - Immediate notification

 

This incident is occurring in the Maule Region, in the municipality of San Rafael, on a recreational property where two owners are responsible for the total number of birds reported. All of the birds will be humanely culled, and the carcasses will be buried on the property under strict biosecurity measures.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7405

____

#UK, #England: Notified cases of invasive #meningococcal disease - Updated 31 March 2026 (UKHSA, edited)

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Notified cases of invasive meningococcal disease linked to Canterbury, Kent

-- As of 12:30pm on 30 March 2026, UKHSA has been notified of 21 confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease with epidemiological links to Canterbury, Kent.

-- All of the 21 confirmed cases are meningococcal group B (MenB). 17 of these have the outbreak strain subtype P1.12-1,16-183.

-- All cases have been hospitalised.

-- There have been 2 deaths since the start of the incident.

Daily case figures

-- The number of confirmed and probable cases can change when:

- a case is laboratory confirmed

- when the clinical assessment changes, including when new laboratory results are available

- when further epidemiological information is available

-- The figures in Table 1 cannot be used to identify the number of new confirmed or probable cases from one day to the next. This also applies to total cases.

Table 1. Cases of invasive meningococcal disease linked to Canterbury, Kent by day from 16 March 2026

[Date - Total outbreak confirmed cases - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases (subset of total outbreak confirmed cases) - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases with outbreak strain (subset of outbreak confirmed MenB cases) - Outbreak probable cases - Total outbreak cases]

* 30 March 2026 - 21 [note 2] - 21 - 17 - 0 - 21

* 26 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 1 - 21

* 25 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22

* 24 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22

* 23 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 3 - 23

* 22 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29

* 21 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29

* 20 March 2026 - 23 - 18 - [note 1] - 11 - 34

* 19 March 2026 - 18 - 13 - [note 1] - 11 - 29

* 18 March 2026 - 15 - 9 - [note 1] - 12 - 27

* 17 March 2026 - 9 - 6 - [note 1] - 11 - 20

* 16 March 2026 - [note 1] - 4 - [note 1] - [note 1] - 1

__

Note 1: Information not reported

Note 2: A case initially classified as a confirmed case may be reclassified or discarded when further laboratory results and clinical information are available. This applies to situations where:

- further testing (including results from specialist reference laboratories) rules out meningococcal disease

and 

- there is an alternative diagnosis or where the clinical picture is no longer consistent with meningococcal infection

__

Note: The case numbers presented in Table 1 were confirmed at specific times of day for each of the releases: 16 March 2026 verified at 5:00pm, 17 March 2026 verified at 3:00pm, 18 March 2026 onwards verified at 12:30pm.

-- There have been 2 deaths since the start of the incident.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/invasive-meningococcal-disease-statistical-releases/notified-cases-of-invasive-meningococcal-disease

____

Avian Influenza Report, Week 13 2026 (#HK SAR CHP, Published on March 31, 2026): One #Human Case of #Infection with #H9N2 #influenza virus in #Italy

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Avian influenza A(H9N2): 

-- Italy, Lombardy: 

1) An individual with co-existing medical conditions returning from a non-European country. 

- This is the first human case of avian influenza A(H9N2) reported in Europe. 

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2026_avian_influenza_report_vol22_wk13.pdf

____

#Cambodia - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds & one #human case) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

On 26 March 2026, an outbreak investigation team visited a backyard farm following reports of illness and mortality suspected to be caused by Avian Influenza (AI). A total of five samples (three chickens and two ducks) were collected and submitted to NAHPRI/GDAHP for testing of Avian Influenza (H5N1). On 27 March 2026, laboratory results confirmed that three out of five samples (two chickens and one duck) tested positive for Avian Influenza (H5N1). Additionally, in the same area, one human case of Avian Influenza (H5N1) was confirmed by the Ministry of Health on 31 March 2026.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7409

____

#USA, #Wastewater Data for Avian #Influenza #H5 (#CDC, March 27 '26)

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Time Period: March 15, 2026 - March 21, 2026

-- H5 Detection: 9 site(s) (2.0%)

-- No Detection: 436 site(s) (98.0%)

-- No samples in last week: 130 site(s)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/wwd-h5.html

_____

#UK, #England: Notified cases of invasive #meningococcal disease - Updated 27 March 2026 (UKHSA, edited)

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Daily case figures

-- The number of confirmed and probable cases can change when:

- a case is laboratory confirmed

- when the clinical assessment changes, including when new laboratory results are available

- when further epidemiological information is available

-- The figures in Table 1 cannot be used to identify the number of new confirmed or probable cases from one day to the next. This also applies to total cases.

Table 1. Cases of invasive meningococcal disease linked to Canterbury, Kent by day from 16 March 2026

[Date - Total outbreak confirmed cases - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases (subset of total outbreak confirmed cases) - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases with outbreak strain (subset of outbreak confirmed MenB cases) - Outbreak probable cases - Total outbreak cases]

* 26 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 1 - 21

* 25 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22

* 24 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22

* 23 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 3 - 23

* 22 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29

* 21 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29

* 20 March 2026 - 23 - 18 - [note 1] - 11 - 34

* 19 March 2026 - 18 - 13 - [note 1] - 11 - 29

* 18 March 2026 - 15 - 9 - [note 1] - 12 - 27

* 17 March 2026 - 9 - 6 - [note 1] - 11 - 20

* 16 March 2026 - [note 1] - 4 - [note 1] - [note 1] - 1

__

Note 1: Information not reported

Note 2: A case initially classified as a confirmed case may be reclassified or discarded when further laboratory results and clinical information is available. This applies to situations where:

- further testing (including results from specialist reference laboratories) rules out meningococcal disease

and 

- there is an alternative diagnosis or where the clinical picture is no longer consistent with meningococcal infection

__

Note: The case numbers presented in Table 1 were confirmed at specific times of day for each of the releases: 16 March 2026 verified at 5:00pm, 17 March 2026 verified at 3:00pm, 18 March 2026 onwards verified at 12:30pm.

-- There have been 2 deaths since the start of the incident.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/invasive-meningococcal-disease-statistical-releases/notified-cases-of-invasive-meningococcal-disease

____