ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract We report the detection of a clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) reassortant virus with a neuraminidase surface protein derived from a North American lineage low-pathogenic avian influenza virus. This virus caused a widespread and ongoing outbreak across 45 poultry farms in British Columbia, Canada . Isolates from 8 farms reveal a mutation in the neuraminidase protein (H275Y) that is exceptionally rare among clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (present in 0.045% of publicly available clade 2.3.4.4b isolates). NA-H275Y is a well-known marker of resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir . We demonstrate that this substitution maintains its resistance phenotype on the genetic background of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses. Source: Emerging Microbes and Infections,  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2025.2469643 ____

 {Excerpt} {Avian Influenza H9N2 Human Cases in China} -- Mainland China:  2 cases (0 death)  - Avian influenza A(H9N2):  * Guangdong Province :  - A 72-year-old woman with onset on December 26, 2024.  - A 56-year-old woman with onset on January 20, 2025.  (...) Source: Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong PRC SAR,  https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2025_avian_influenza_report_vol21_wk07.pdf ____

National Service of Agri-Food Health and Quality (SENASA) received a notification concerning a high mortality of birds and signs consistent with high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) in a backyard . The suspicion was immediately addressed and samples were taken for analysis. The samples tested positive for HPAI H5. The affected species are chickens, ducks and turkeys . The affected premises are adjacent to a body of water , so contact with wild birds is presumed. Stamping out, sanitary burial, cleaning and disinfection of all the birds in the premises will be carried out. We will update the quantitative data in subsequent follow-up reports. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6272 _____

Avian influenza was found in sick and dead wild birds along the shores of a lake in a bird sanctuary. Location: Theay commune, Ba Phnum district, Prey Veng province. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6273 ____

On January 24, 2025 , the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) was notified of mortality in a non-commercial backyard layer poultry farm in Newfoundland and Labrador. The CFIA National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease has confirmed on February 12, 2025 that the virus was H5N5 . The HA of the H5 virus from the samples belongs to Eurasian Gs/GD lineage HPAI H5N1 (2.3.4.4b) with cleavage site motif of “PLREKRRKR/GLF”, compatible with HPAI viruses. The sample contained AI virus similar to European like - H5N5 (2023) viruses which came to Canada via the Atlantic flyway . The viruses contained wholly Eurasian H5N5 genome segments . The CFIA has immediately quarantined the IP and is implementing strict movement controls and a stamping out policy. Primary control zone (PCZ) has been put in place around the IP. Surveillance is ongoing in the affected areas. WOAH data on poultry and non-poultry can be visualized and extracted on the AI dashboard in domestic birds available at https://cahss.ca...

A total of 390 birds belonging to various individual backyard owners in a village . The birds included various species such as chickens, geese, and ducks . There are no commercial poultry operations within the village or the surrounding 10km surveillance zone. In Hatay Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6270 ____

Abstract During our surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds across China , H10Nx viruses were isolated from diverse migratory flyways between 2022 and 2024. We identified one wild-bird H10N5 strain that shared a common ancestor with the human H10N5 virus in multiple gene segments. Phylogenetic and molecular dating revealed the origin and evolution of H10N5, highlighting the need for continued monitoring. Source: Emerging Microbes and Infections,  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2025.2465308 ____

Four Mute Swans in Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina.  Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6275?reportId=172294&fromPage=event-dashboard-url _____