ETIDIOH - NEW

  {Di Sanchezn - Opera propria, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3019282 } Confirmation of HPAI - H5N1 case, at Cygnus olor Port Contanta Dana 55 in the Constanta county. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6968 ____

  {By Subramanya CK - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17954283 } Two Western Marsh Harrier wild birds in Burgas Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6955 ____

A wild Mute Swan in Savinjska Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6964 ____

{By  https://www.flickr.com/photos/sbern/ - https://www.flickr.com/photos/sbern/13471929904/ , CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36391956 } A wild bird belonging to the Common Goldeneye Species. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6956 ____

  Abstract Recently, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have caused mass mortality events in seabirds worldwide, raising concern for long-lived species with low reproductive rates. Using individual-level data from the 2022 mass mortality event in northwestern European Sandwich terns (Thalasseus sandvicensis), we show that older individuals were disproportionately more affected , while no sex bias was observed. This age-specific mortality likely removed the most experienced individuals from the population. Our findings highlight a previously underappreciated mechanism through which HPAI outbreaks may impair the resilience of long-lived avian populations . Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Funder Information Declared German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) Federal Ministry for the Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUKN) Source: BioRxIV,  https://www.b...

  Abstract Since 2020, high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in wild birds have been frequently reported . Because HPAIV infection has occasionally caused outbreaks in captive rare birds , application of antiviral drugs for treatment purposes against them has been considered from the perspective of conservation medicine . In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of baloxavir marboxil (BXM) was evaluated using a duck model to help establish the post-infection treatment for rare birds . Sixteen four-week-old ducks were divided into four groups and intranasally inoculated with the HPAIV strain A/crow/Hokkaido/0103B065/2022 ( H5N1 ). BXM was orally administered once daily at doses of 12.5, 2.5, 0.5, and 0 mg/kg to each of the four groups from 2 to 6 days post-infection. Blood samples were collected at 2, 8, and 24 hours after the initial BXM administration to measure the plasma concentrations of its active form, baloxavir acid (BXA). All ducks were monitored until ...

A wild bird from Gruidae Spp. in Saarland Region. Source WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6940 ____

  {Di Frank Liebig - Archiv Frank Liebig, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=56812600 } Wild birds belonging to the Gruidae Species in Berlin Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6938 ____

  {By Charles J. Sharp - Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography.co.uk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=66151818 } A wild Great Wild Pelican in Ha Zafon Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6936 ____

Wild Mute Swans in Klaipedos, Vilniaus, Panevezio Regions. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6923 ____

{By Andreas Trepte - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39163967 } Wild Common Cranes. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6918 ____

  {By Norbert Kenntner, Berlin - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1062838 } A wild Northern Goshawk in Hokkaido Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6909 ____

  {[ Common Raven ] By Accipiter (R. Altenkamp, Berlin) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6806927 } ___ Note 16/10/2025 : The case reported in this event was confirmed to be H5 but was negative for N1 and N5. Therefore, it is assumed that a new serotype has been detected in the country. The raven was found sick with a broken wing, emaciated and with diarrhea. It was euthanized. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6868 ____

  {[ Mallard duck ] By This picture was realized by Richard Bartz by using a Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6 IS USM Lens - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6449086 } {[ Common Teal ] By Shantanu Kuveskar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78923110 } ___ A wild mallard in Veneto Region. A wild common teal in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6896 ____

  {By Charles J. Sharp - Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography.co.uk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=144193067 } ___ Two wild  black swans in Karpoš Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6891 ____

  {By Alexis Lours - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=138694692 } ___ A wild yellow legged gull in Madeira. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6888 ____

  {By Aviceda - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4017548 } ___ In accordance with the WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Article 10.4.1, point 4, this outbreak does not change the disease-free status of Sweden as these are wild birds, and therefore do not fall within the WOAH definition of poultry. A Mediterranean Gull was found dead. It was sent to the Swedish Veterinary Agency for laboratory analysis as part of the national surveillance program for avian influenza. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6853 ____

  According to article 10.4.1.4 of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Member Countries should not impose bans on the trade in poultry commodities in response to notification on the presence of any influenza A virus in birds other than poultry. A wild black-headed gull in Vordingborg.  Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6846 ____

  Abstract The H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has caused severe global losses, reaching South America in 2022 and Antarctica in 2024 . Here we synthesize outbreak reports submitted to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) by South American countries and document the virus's unprecedented expansion into Antarctica , affecting wild birds, wild mammals , and domestic poultry . More than 6 million domestic birds died or were culled, mostly from commercial operations . Of the 11 South American countries that reported H5N1 to WOAH, 10 reported infections in wild birds , spanning 104 species , 59.62% of which are migratory and predominantly non-trans-equatorial . Marine mammal cases occurred after wild bird detections, with the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) most affected, and several Antarctic bird species with migratory behavior were also reported in South America. To complement outbreak data, we examined available genomic sequences through ph...

  {By © Hans Hillewaert, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5548312 } Wild species: Black-headed Gull (8), Mew Gull (8). {Norðurland vestra Region} Approximately 20 gulls were found dead at the beach. A pooled sample from 3 mew gulls was taken and found positive for HPAI H5N5. {Icelandic Exclusive Economic Zone} Approximately 20 gulls were found dead at the beach. A pooled sample from 3 black-headed gulls was taken and found positive for HPAI H5N5. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6816 ____