ETIDIOH - NEW

ABSTRACT Long-distance migratory ducks play a critical role in the maintenance and dissemination of A(H5N1) viruses . Comparative pathogenicity studies were conducted on blue-winged teal (BWTE; Anas discors) using three distinct genotypes of A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (A1, B1.3, and B4.1) isolated from wild ducks in Canada . Twenty-four hours post-intranasal infection of BWTE, contact turkeys and chickens were introduced into each of the groups to evaluate viral transmission. The levels of viral shedding in BWTE increased from 3 to 7 days post-infection (dpi) and continued at lower levels until 14 dpi. The A1 genotype virus (MALL/NS/22) was found to be the least pathogenic to BWTE compared to the reassortant genotypes, B4.1 (RBME/BC/22) and B1.3 (BWTE/MB/22). The B1.3 genotype was the most virulent to BWTE and caused 66.7% mortality compared to 12.5% mortality caused by the B4.1 genotype. The extent of transmission from infected BWTE to contact turkeys and chickens showed variation...

Abstract Oropouche virus (OROV), historically endemic to the Amazon, had spread to nearly all Brazil states by 2024 ; Espírito Santo emerged as a transmission hotspot in the Atlantic Forest biome . We characterized the epidemiologic factors driving OROV spread in nonendemic southeast Brazil, analyzing environmental and agricultural conditions contributing to viral transmission. We tested samples from 29,080 suspected arbovirus-infected patients quantitative reverse transcription PCR for OROV and dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and Mayaro viruses . During March‒June 2024, the state had 339 confirmed OROV cases, demonstrating successful local transmission . Spatial analysis revealed that most cases clustered in municipalities with tropical climates and intensive cacao, robusta coffee, coconut, and pepper cultivation . Phylogenetic analysis identified the Espírito Santo OROV strains as part of the 2022–2024 Amazon lineage. The rapid spread of OROV outside the Amazon highlights its adaptive pot...

Summary Background The JYNNEOS modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine is effective in preventing clade IIb mpox disease . However, vaccine effects on mpox severity are poorly understood. We aimed to assess associations between reported clinical characteristics and vaccination status among individuals with laboratory-confirmed mpox. Methods We conducted a case–control study using data collected from public health surveillance interviews of people with mpox in California . Eligible participants for primary analyses were men who were cisgender and participated in telephone interviews with complete responses recorded about anatomical sites where they had lesions. We estimated JYNNEOS vaccine effectiveness against progression to disease involving disseminated lesions via the adjusted odds ratio of vaccination, comparing participants who reported lesions disseminated across multiple anatomical regions (cases) with participants who reported lesions contained to a single anatomical region (con...

Abstract We characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 in wild birds and a human in British Columbia, Canada, during 2024. D1.1, the predominant genotype circulating in fall 2024, is a reassortment between Eurasian A3 lineage viruses , introduced to North America in 2022, and North American lineage viruses. Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/6/24-1862_article ____

The Ministry of Health reports that a suspected case of Avian Influenza has been ruled out in a worker at a farm in the municipality of Montenegro (RS), where an outbreak of the disease was identified in birds .  On the afternoon of Tuesday (20/05), Fiocruz, the reference laboratory for this type of analysis , confirmed that the test for the disease was negative. At this time, there are no other suspected or under investigation cases in Brazil. The Ministry of Health, together with the State Health Department of Rio Grande do Sul , is monitoring all people who may have been exposed to the virus through direct contact with infected birds to monitor their health status, start treatment immediately at the first symptoms and preventative surveillance of possible contacts .  There are no records of transmission of the disease from one person to another worldwide. The risk of human infection is low and does not occur through the consumption of meat or eggs, but rather through direct...