#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, June 13 '26)

 

Clin Infect Dis

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   Clinical Impact of the BIOFIRE(R) FILMARRAY(R) Pneumonia Panel in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System: A Difference-in-Differences Study.
   Clin Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 12:ciag328. doi: 10.1093.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol

2. NERBY J, Berg W, McFarren M, Rhame F, et al
   Collaborative approaches to masking: statewide threshold development and performance across three respiratory seasons.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Int J Infect Dis

3. CHEN H, Manu EK
   Shifting patterns of acute respiratory infection mortality in Australia: Changing contributions of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus and persistent Indigenous inequalities.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Intensive Care Med

4. MEYBOHM P, Baron DM, Fries D, Lasocki S, et al
   Patient blood management in general intensive care patients.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Infect

5. HARRIS R, Thirard R, McBrien C, Middleditch A, et al
   Immunogenicity and safety of co-administration of a recombinant shingles vaccine with an mRNA COVID-19 or adjuvanted influenza vaccine: a randomised controlled trial.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
6. WANG X, Yin J, Xu B, Guanhua X, et al
   Clinical epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in China.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
7. TRUONG T, Radin JM, Li L, Ordonez-Mena JM, et al
   Burden and economic impact of RSV hospitalisations among English adults, 2023/24.
   J Infect. 2026;93:106792.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Med Virol

8. USHIJIMA H, Onda-Shimizu Y, Kotaki T, Nishimura S, et al
   Co-Circulation and Mixed Infections of Classic and Melbourne Human Astroviruses Among Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Patients in Japan, 2018-2024.
   J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71002.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
9. AYDIN U, Duzenci D, Akkoc RF, Karatas A, et al
   Serum Histatin Levels in COVID-19: Association With Disease Severity and Immune Status.
   J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71009.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
10. CHEN R, Kong W, Li C, Zhang J, et al
    TXD-198 Exhibits Inhibitory Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 by Upregulating ANO1.
    J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71004.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
11. DENG J, Lin Q, Zeng Z, Huang H, et al
    Post-Pandemic Influenza Resurgence in Guangzhou, China: Impact of COVID-19 Interventions and Immune Alterations.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
12. FU JYL, Lim SK, Jalalonmuhali M, Bador MK, et al
    Immune Pressure From Plasma From Immunocompromised and Healthy Individuals Drives Differential SARS-CoV-2 Evolution and Escape Mutation Emergence.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Travel Med

13. LUBBERT C, Fruhwein M, Dinjer CS, Machler C, et al
    Assessment of the healthcare burden of dengue disease in Germany: a retrospective analysis of statutory health insurance data (2014-2023).
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Virol

14. YANG Y, Su Z, Zhang X, Tan Y, et al
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    Genetic diversity of pangolin coronaviruses reveals a key immuno-evasive substitution at spike residue 519.
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16. PENG M, Liu L, Li X, Yu X, et al
    Pre-pandemic contraction, phase-specific rate variation, and site-specific antigenic adaptation shape influenza A(H3N2) evolutionary dynamics in Hubei, China.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
17. ARTUSA V, Limanaqi F, Santacroce E, Clerici M, et al
    Alpha-synuclein at the crossroads of host-virus interactions: immunological roles beyond the nervous system.
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    Within-host SARS-CoV-2 diversity in immunocompromised patients during acute infection.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
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    Research progress on the association between viruses and cardiac diseases.
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20. LI S, Luo H, Zhang K, Wu C, et al
    The cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 facilitates the entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
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    Cleavage of TOM1 by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease NSP5 prevents autophagic degradation of viral envelope.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Lancet Infect Dis

22. XIE Y, Choi T, Al-Aly Z
    Seasonal influenza versus COVID-19 hospitalisation risk during the 2025-26 influenza season.
    Lancet Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 10:S1473-3099(26)00289.
    PubMed        
    
    

    
    Travel Med Infect Dis

23. MIHAI I, Bonnaud L, Arregle F, Doudier B, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    

#Human ACE2‑specific benzothiazole-based allosteric #inhibitor against pan ‑ #sarbecoviruses

 

Abstract

Emerging SARS‑CoV‑2 variants and related zoonotic sarbecoviruses rely on ACE2 for cell entry, motivating host‑directed antivirals that block spike-ACE2 interaction. Here, we characterize MB‑32, a benzothiazole small molecule that binds ACE2, selectively disrupts binding of SARS‑CoV‑2 spike receptor‑binding domain to ACE2, and preserves ACE2 enzymatic activity across species. MB‑32 potently inhibits entry of SARS‑CoV‑2 variants, SARS‑CoV‑1 and diverse bat/pangolin sarbecoviruses in ACE2‑expressing cells, while sparing vesicular stomatitis virus and authentic MERS‑CoV, indicating non‑virucidal, ACE2‑focused activity. Biochemical and biophysical analyses, supported by ACE2 mutagenesis, support a model in which MB‑32 engages a non‑catalytic surface pocket on the ACE2 N‑terminal helix to allosterically disrupt spike attachment. Intranasal MB‑32 achieves high airway concentrations, protects male ACE2‑transgenic mice and hamsters from SARS‑CoV‑2 disease, and prevents contact transmission of Omicron‑lineage viruses without detectable cardiovascular toxicity. These findings establish MB‑32 as a host‑targeted ACE2 entry inhibitor and provide a framework for small‑molecule ACE2‑directed antivirals against current and future sarbecovirus spillovers.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-73944-x

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, June 6 '26)

 

Ann Intern Med

1. KOUTOURATSAS T, Dammad T, Mylonakis E
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Clin Infect Dis

2. BONTEN M, Essink B, Hanning N, Leroux-Roels I, et al
   Immunogenicity and safety of co-administration of AS01E-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine and a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in adults aged >/=50 years: a phase 3, randomized, non-inferiority trial.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
3. BRAMANTE CT, Stewart TG, Boulware DR, McCarthy MW, et al
   Metformin on the Presence of COVID-19 Symptoms 6 Months after Infection: The ACTIV-6 Randomized Clinical Trial.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
4. LIU C, Okoli GN, Chen R, Sullivan SG, et al
   SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and attenuation of breakthrough infection severity: A systematic global review and meta-analysis.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol

5. JURICA JM, Smith DM, Abeles S, Torriani FJ, et al
   Discontinuing contact precautions for COVID-19: the science says its time.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
6. ALSOUBANI M, Andujar G, Campion M
   Socioeconomic and racial review of COVID-19 antiviral prescriptions: a large health system cohort.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Int J Infect Dis

7. VEIJER C, van Asselt ADI, van Zon SKR, Rosmalen JGM, et al
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8. ABU-RADDAD LJ, Ayoub HH, Coyle P, Tang P, et al
   Routine SARS-CoV-2 Testing Frequency and Risk of Severe COVID-19: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.
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9. LAW AHT, Wong JY, Lin Y, Cowling BJ, et al
   Sex differences in COVID-19 infection and mortality in Hong Kong.
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10. LIN Y, Wu P, Lau EHY, Blais J, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Med Virol

11. CHEN Y, Lan Y, Zhao A, Zhang Y, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Thorac Oncol

12. XU X, Saad MB, Grippin A, Xu H, et al
    Brief Report: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Improved Survival in NSCLC Treated with Radiotherapy.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Virol

13. FAN L, Gao X, Feng W, Huang Q, et al
    SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a suppresses host antiviral interferon responses by promoting STUB1-mediated PTEN proteasomal degradation.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Lancet

14. KARIM SA, Mahomed S, Lewis L, Karim SSA, et al
    Urgent need for a reliable rapid diagnostic test for the Ebola epidemic caused by Bundibugyo virus in Africa.
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    PubMed        
    
    

    
    Lancet Infect Dis

15. 
    Global burden of enteric infectious diseases, diarrhoeal diseases, and corresponding aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
    Lancet Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 2:S1473-3099(26)00194.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Science

16. EMANUEL N, Harrington E, Pallais A
    Home alone: Remote work, isolation, and mental health.
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    PubMed         Abstract available

#SARS-CoV-2 #Omicron BA.2.86 and JN.1 expand #tropism in #human proximal #intestinal epithelium

 

Abstract

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 has diversified into multiple sub-lineages, complicating assessment of their intrinsic phenotypes due to background population immunity. We compare replication and biological characteristics of variants from BA.1 to JN.1 using human bronchial and lung explants, airway organoids, colon cells, and proximal intestinal enteroids. XBB.1.5 and EG.5.1 achieve higher replication titres in respiratory tissues than BA.2.86 and JN.1, indicating enhanced respiratory fitness. EG.5.1 displays dual cell-entry pathways and greater replication in alveolar epithelial cells, supporting increased lung tropism and pathogenicity. In contrast, BA.2.86 and JN.1 rely on TMPRSS2-mediated entry in airways. Notably, BA.2.86 and JN.1 replicate more efficiently than EG.5.1 in proximal intestinal enteroids in an ACE2- and TMPRSS2-dependent manner, but not in colon cells. JN.1 exhibits elevated intestinal tropism with limited proinflammatory cytokine induction, suggesting potential for faecal transmission. Here we show XBB.1.5 and EG.5.1 greater transmissibility and severity potential whereas BA.2.86 and JN.1 exhibit enhanced intestinal adaptation.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-74111-y

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Identification and characterization of a #SARS-CoV-2 #Mpro G23 deletion #ensitrelvir - #resistant mutant

 

ABSTRACT

Ensitrelvir is an antiviral drug that specifically targets the conserved main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, mutations in Mpro could confer resistance to antivirals, including ensitrelvir. Thus, identifying SARS-CoV-2 drug-resistant mutants and elucidating their mechanisms of resistance are critical for guiding the selection of effective antiviral therapies. Here, we utilized a recombinant luminescent attenuated SARS-CoV-2 lacking the open reading frames (ORF) 3a and 7b proteins (Δ3a7b-Nluc WT) to safely identify ensitrelvir drug-resistant mutants (DRM-E) without the need of using virulent forms of SARS-CoV-2. We isolated a DRM-E containing a Mpro G23 deletion (G23del) with high resistance (~1,000-fold) to ensitrelvir, but not to the Mpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir or to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor remdesivir. The contribution of G23del in ensitrelvir resistance was confirmed by generating a Δ3a7b-Nluc containing G23del in Mpro (Δ3a7b-Nluc G23del). Δ3a7b-Nluc G23del exhibited resistance to ensitrelvir in both cultured cells and in K18 hACE2 transgenic mice. Binding affinity revealed that the G23del mutation altered ensitrelvir, but not nirmatrelvir, binding to Mpro. Notably, while Δ3a7b-Nluc G23del was affected in viral fitness, serial passage of Δ3a7b-Nluc G23del in the absence of ensitrelvir resulted in the emergence of substitution L50F in Mpro that restored viral fitness loss caused by G23del without altering resistance to ensitrelvir. Our results demonstrate that G23del in Mpro can confer resistance to ensitrelvir. Positively, G23del in Mpro does not render SARS-CoV-2 resistant to nirmatrelvir or remdesivir, suggesting the feasibility of treating SARS-CoV-2 infections containing G23del Mpro with other approved antivirals.

Source: 

Link: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00584-26

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, May 30 '26)

 

Antiviral Res

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    PubMed        
    
    
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    Radiology

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, May 23 '26)

 

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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   Ann Intern Med

2. MILLER M, Fischer S, Azrael D
   Firearm Acquisition and New Exposure to Household Firearms After the Initial Pandemic Purchasing Surge: Results From the 2024 National Firearms Survey.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Antiviral Res

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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Lancet

19. ISLAM MS, Chughtai AA, Wood JG, Sawleshwarkar S, et al
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    PubMed        
    
    

    
    Nature

20. AYGUN E, Belyaeva A, Comanici G, Coram M, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
21. KOZLOV M
    Exclusive: NIH ousts infectious-disease leaders as COVID scientists face US charges.
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    PubMed        
    
    

    
    Science

22. COHEN J
    Virologist accused of starting COVID-19 fights funding ban.
    Science. 2026;392:795-796.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Travel Med Infect Dis

23. LI D, Tian F, Niu Y, Li H, et al
    Surveillance of Airborne Microorganisms and Associated Influencing Factors at an International Airport in China, 2019-2020.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
24. POLONI A, Rizzo A, Giacomelli A, Colaneri M, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available

#Coronavirus #diversity and #SARS-CoV-2 #exposure at the #wildlife – #human interface in Northern #Italy

 

Abstract

Background

Members of the Coronaviridae family infect humans as well as domestic and wild animals. Over the past three decades, three members of this family, all with zoonotic origins, have caused significant epidemics or pandemics (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19). Despite the spread of SARS-CoV-2 being primarily driven by human-to-human transmission, various animal species are susceptible to infection and may contribute to viral circulation. Aim of this work was to monitor coronavirus (CoV) infections in wild mammals in the Emilia-Romagna region (RER), Italy, using a combined approach of molecular screening for viral RNA detection and serological testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Methods

Respiratory and gastrointestinal tissue samples were collected from wild animal carcasses between 2022 and 2024. Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using two RT-qPCR assays targeting the E and N genes, and for other CoVs using a nested pan-coronavirus RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of positive samples. Additionally, serum samples obtained from blood, cardiac clot, or thoracic exudate were screened for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, with positive samples subsequently confirmed by an ELISA targeting antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike (S) protein, focused on variants circulating during the study period.

Results

Molecular analyses were performed on 2,238 animals, all of which tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, while 90 (79% hedgehogs) tested positive for CoVs. Among these, most sequences were consistent with coronaviruses typically reported in the respective host species. However, some exceptions – such as Betacoronavirus erinacei in fox, porcupine, hare, and roe deer, and EmbeCoV-related sequences in a porcupine – warrant further attention. Suitable serum samples were available from 1,751 animals. Overall, 65 animals tested positive for anti-N antibodies, 31 of which (22 foxes, 4 badgers, 2 hedgehogs, 1 roe deer, 1 wolf, 1 rat) were subsequently confirmed by an anti-RBD ELISA.

Conclusions

This study provides an overview of CoVs circulation among wild mammals in RER, supporting the role of hedgehogs as reservoirs and identifying some species with evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Certain unexpected findings highlight the need for further investigations to clarify the potential for cross-species transmission.

Source: 

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12985-026-03193-3

____

#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, May 16 '26)

 

Ann Intern Med

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    Lancet Infect Dis

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    Nature

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    Science

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (by AMEDEO, May 9 '26)

 

Clin Infect Dis

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   Nature

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Loss of nsp14-exonuclease activity impairs the #replication, proofreading, fitness, and #pathogenesis of #SARS-CoV-2

 

ABSTRACT

Coronaviruses (CoVs) replicate their RNA genomes with a higher degree of fidelity than other RNA viruses, a mechanism mediated by the proofreading and recombination activities of the exoribonuclease domain of replicase nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14-ExoN). Both murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and SARS-CoV tolerate nsp14-ExoN loss-of-function mutations (ExoN−) (D90A and E92A), but have impaired replication fidelity and pathogenesis; yet identical substitutions in MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to be lethal. Here, we report a saturation mutagenesis approach facilitating the recovery and analysis of several constellations of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 ExoN-inactivating, loss-of-function substitutions, including the canonical D90A and E92A. Biochemical assays with purified WT or ExoN-nsp10-14 fusion proteins confirmed that active site substitutions abolished ExoN activity (ExoN−). SARS-CoV-2 ExoN− viruses exhibited impaired replication, RNA synthesis, and recombination, as well as decreased replication fidelity and loss of fitness in vitro. ExoN− viruses were significantly attenuated for replication in human primary airway epithelial cells and were attenuated for replication and pathogenesis in WT mice, as well as the highly susceptible K18 transgenic mice. In the absence of interferon signaling in vivo, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 ExoN− viral replication could be partially restored. These results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 ExoN− viruses are viable but highly impaired for replication, fitness, and fidelity in vitro, as well as innate immune antagonism and pathogenesis in vivo. Collectively, our results solidify the multiple critical roles of nsp14-ExoN across CoV genera and establish new approaches for rescuing and analyzing loss-of-function substitutions in studies of CoV replication, pathogenesis, and evolution.

Source: 

Link: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00073-26

____

Respiratory #infections due to #human common cold #coronaviruses, #SARS-CoV, #MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: #epidemiology, #pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine landscapes

 

Summary

Over the past half-century, perceptions of human coronaviruses have evolved from their initial characterisation as causes of the common cold to recognition of their capacity to trigger severe disease and global epidemics. The emergence of three zoonotic coronaviruses—severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, has had profound health, economic, and societal consequences and continues to influence global epidemic-preparedness strategies. All three viruses remain on the WHO Blueprint of priority pathogens for research and development. This Review summarises current knowledge on human coronaviruses, drawing lessons from the past 25 years of epidemic outbreaks. The shared and divergent features of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, including their origins, evolution, transmission determinants, zoonotic transmission, viral entry pathways, pathogenesis, spectrum of clinical manifestations, long-term sequelae, and case-fatality profiles are highlighted. The full range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic or atypical presentations to severe acute respiratory and multisystem disease, are outlined together with risk factors for progression and populations with the greatest susceptibility. Diagnostic approaches, including molecular assays, antigen-based tests, and imaging modalities are described alongside current therapeutics, antiviral strategies, immunomodulators, supportive care principles, and evidence from clinical trials. Advances in diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, and infection-control practices are examined together with persistent challenges in early recognition, particularly in resource-limited settings. Strengthening multinational clinical trial capacity, leveraging digital innovations, and embedding One Health approaches are essential to mitigating spillover risks and improving global readiness. We review the latest data, identify gaps and opportunities, and outline forward-looking strategies to anticipate and prepare for the threat of future coronaviruses, and other existing or new respiratory pathogens with epidemic potential. Clinicians and other health-care workers play a central role in detecting and reporting possible lethal coronavirus infection including atypical presentations, enabling rapid, coordinated infection control and management responses.

Source: 

Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(26)00049-4/abstract?rss=yes

____

#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, May 2 '26)

 

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    JAMA

17. ANDERER S
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    Lancet

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    Science

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#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (by AMEDEO, April 25 '26)

 

Ann Intern Med

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   Clin Infect Dis

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   Int J Infect Dis

3. ZHAO CY, Wang FS, Jiao YM
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   J Infect

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   J Med Virol

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   J Virol

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