Isolation and subtyping of avian #influenza A virus from wild #birds in #Khartoum, #Sudan

 

Abstract

Avian influenza (AI) is a significant disease affecting chickens and other avian species. Wild birds are thought to contribute to the virus transmission. The present study intends to explore the existence of AI type A virus in wild birds at the Six April Zoo, Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 42 cloacal and tracheal swabs were collected from clinically healthy individuals belonging to five different wild bird species. The selected wild bird species were Common crane Grus grus, Sudan crowned crane Balearica pavonina, Helmeted guinea fowl Numida meleagris, Duck sp. Anatidae and Chestnut-billed sand grouse Pterocles exustus. Swabs were examined for AI virus antigen using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and all tested swabs produced positive results. The swab samples were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs. The isolated virus was identified by AGID test and polymerase chain reaction. The virus was isolated from swabs collected from Grus grus, Balearica pavonina, Numida meleagris, Duck sp. Anatidae and Pterocles exustus. Subtyping of the isolated viruses was performed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, which identified the H5 subtype.

Source: 

Link: https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2228

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Analysis of the metagenomic assembled #genome of #MERS-CoV and Alpha-CoV from #Camelus dromedarius in #Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background

Dromedary camels are known carriers of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This study aimed to identify respiratory RNA viruses circulating in the nasal cavities of camels that could potentially cause disease in humans.

Methods

Shotgun metagenomic paired-end sequencing was performed on four pools of nasal swabs collected from 40 camels originating from Sudan and Djibouti, using the MiSeq platform.

Results

Alphacoronavirus 229E was commonly detected in the camel pools. MERS-CoV was found in both pools from Sudan and one from Djibouti. Camel parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) was detected in the male camel pool from Sudan. Furthermore, near-complete (99.9 %) metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) of alphacoronavirus 229E (SIAU MAG01) and MERS-CoV (SIAU MAG02) were retrieved from the female camel pool from Sudan. Another MAG of alphacoronavirus 229E (SIAU MAG03) was recovered from a male camel pool imported from Sudan. In the phylogenetic analysis, SIAU MAG02 clustered with MERS-CoV genome sequences retrieved from humans and camels in the Middle East. The alphacoronavirus 229E MAGs from camels formed a distinct clade separate from the human alphacoronavirus 229E lineage. SIAU MAG04 clustered with PIV3 sequences recovered from Camelus dromedarius in the United Arab Emirates.

Conclusions

Overall, respiratory viruses belonging to alpha and beta coronaviruses, notably MERS-CoV, recognized by the World Health Organization as an emerging infectious disease of critical concern, were observed in dromedary camels from African origins, potentially posing a risk of transmission to humans.

Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125002576?via%3Dihub

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#Sudan - #Equine #influenza virus (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

Virus untyped. Unspecified domestic equidae species in South Darfur.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6097

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