ETIDIOH - NEW

Key Points -- Question:   In adults with influenza requiring admission to hospital, is oseltamivir treatment within the first 2 days of admission, when compared with supportive care without oseltamivir, associated with a decreased risk of death in hospital? -- Findings:  In this cohort study of 11 073 patients hospitalized with influenza, oseltamivir treatment was associated with an adjusted risk reduction of 1.8% for in-hospital mortality when compared with supportive care. -- Meaning:  The findings of this study support current guidelines that recommend oseltamivir treatment for patients admitted to hospital with influenza; clinical trials should be conducted to generate better quality evidence. Abstract Importance    Current guidelines recommend oseltamivir treatment for all patients hospitalized with influenza, but this guidance is based on suboptimal evidence. Objective    To evaluate outcomes associated with oseltamivir treatment when compared wi...

ABSTRACT A cocktail of human monoclonal antibodies 1C3 and 1C11 previously protected macaques from a lethal exposure to either Ebola virus (EBOV) or Sudan virus (SUDV). 1C3 is of particular interest because its paratope strongly binds with unique stoichiometry to the glycoprotein head of several orthoebolaviruses , resulting in neutralization of EBOV and SUDV . Therefore, we evaluated the protective activity of 1C3 as a standalone therapeutic in macaques exposed to either EBOV or SUDV. Two doses of 1C3 monotherapy, administered 4 and 7 days post-exposure, did not protect SUDV-exposed macaques and partially protected EBOV-exposed macaques . Notably, in a macaque that succumbed to EBOV infection, we identified two mutually exclusive escape mutations that emerged immediately after the first dose and resulted in two amino acid changes at the 1C3 binding site . We also detected a subconsensus treatment-emergent mutation likely affecting the 1C3 binding site in all three deceased SUDV-expose...

ABSTRACT Understanding viral evolutionary dynamics is crucial to pandemic responses, prediction of virus adaptation over time , and virus surveillance for public health strategies. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has enabled fine-grained studies of virus evolution in the human population . Serial passaging in vitro offers a complementary controlled environment to investigate the emergence and persistence of genetic variants that may confer selective advantage . In this study, nine virus lineages , including four “ variants of concern ” and three former “ variants under investigation ,” were sampled over ≥33 serial passages (range 33–100) in Vero E6 cells . WGS was used to examine virus evolutionary dynamics and identify key mutations with implications for fitness and/or transmissibility. Viruses accumulated mutations regularly during serial passaging. Many low-frequency variants were lost , but others became fixed, suggestin...

 A wild Peregrine falcon in Kagoshima Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6545 ____