#Chile - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

Backyard non - poultry birds in the Maule Region.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7490

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#Chile - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

{Magallanes y Antártica Chilena} All the birds were culled. At this time, the SAG is on the field implementing all surveillance measures in the control zone.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7402

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#Chile - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

{Valparaíso} The birds shared a pond with wild birds. All birds were culled and buried on the property under strict biosecurity protocols. Cleaning and disinfection measures are being carried out.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7357

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#Colombia - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

Within the epidemiological surveillance carried out by the Colombian Agricultural Institute aimed at the early detection of clinical signs consistent with avian influenza, an outbreak of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) was confirmed in the village of Porvenir, in the municipality of Puerto Concordia in the department of Meta. The event concerns non-poultry in a backyard, for which respiratory and neurological signs were observed. The National Veterinary Authority activated epidemiological tracing and epidemiological monitoring actions in the area of origin of the affected birds. As a control measure, the stamping out of the birds in the epidemiological unit was carried out, and, as a complementary measure, epidemiological surveillance was strengthened in the surrounding area to identify other possible cases and prevent the spread of the disease.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7345

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#Portugal - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

{Porto Region}

Small farm keeping 197 mixed species poultry and 187 captive birds of exotic species.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7015

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#Bulgaria - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

{By Kandukuru Nagarjun from Bangalore, India - Peacock on tree, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=119724930}

Captive Indian Peafowl birds in Haskovo Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6999

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Evaluation of #therapeutic effect of #baloxavir marboxil against high pathogenicity avian #influenza virus infection in #duck model

 

Abstract

Since 2020, high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in wild birds have been frequently reported. Because HPAIV infection has occasionally caused outbreaks in captive rare birds, application of antiviral drugs for treatment purposes against them has been considered from the perspective of conservation medicine. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of baloxavir marboxil (BXM) was evaluated using a duck model to help establish the post-infection treatment for rare birds. Sixteen four-week-old ducks were divided into four groups and intranasally inoculated with the HPAIV strain A/crow/Hokkaido/0103B065/2022 (H5N1). BXM was orally administered once daily at doses of 12.5, 2.5, 0.5, and 0 mg/kg to each of the four groups from 2 to 6 days post-infection. Blood samples were collected at 2, 8, and 24 hours after the initial BXM administration to measure the plasma concentrations of its active form, baloxavir acid (BXA). All ducks were monitored until 14 days post-infection, and their oral and cloacal swabs were collected for virus recovery. All eight ducks administered with 12.5 or 2.5 mg/kg of BXM survived, demonstrating a significant reduction in virus recovery compared to the 0 mg/kg group. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of BXA suggested that parameters such as Cmax and AUC0–24hr were correlated with the suppression of virus shedding. These findings demonstrated that BXM administration within 48 hours post-HPAIV infection in ducks effectively reduced mortality and virus shedding. The comparison of PK parameters may help estimate efficient BXM dosing strategies in rare birds.

Competing Interest Statement

This study was supported by a collaborative research project between Hokkaido University and Shionogi & Co., Ltd. M.S., R.D.O, H.O., and T.S. are employees of Shionogi & Co., Ltd. M.M. is a former employee of Shionogi & Co., Ltd. These affiliations did not influence the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

Funder Information Declared

Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, JPMEERF20254004

Japan Science and Technology Agency, JPMJSP2119

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, https://ror.org/004rtk039, JP223fa627005, JP24wm000125008

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684283v1

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#Belgium - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

Non-poultry birds at a hobbyist's premise in Wallonie Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6908

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#India - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

{By Charles J. Sharp - Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography.co.uk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=116380120}

Nineteen captive Painted Storks in the National Zoological Park, Delhi.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6803

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#Infection of #ratites with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV #H5N1: Potential implications for zoonotic #risk

 

Abstract

We detected H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza in captive Greater Rhea (Rhea americana). Viral genetic analysis revealed the mammalian associated PB2-E627K mutation, indicating selection of mammalian-relevant mutations in ratites. Pathologic investigation of available tissues demonstrated severe multifocal necrotising inflammation, and a strong vasculotropism.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674895v1

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#Brazil - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 The Official Veterinary Services (OVS) received a notification of acute mortality and neurological signs in swans in a zoo. Laboratory analysis identified H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b. OVS is conducting an epidemiological investigation of the event.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6485

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#Ukraine - #Influenza A #H5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

Captive birds: 39 chickens, 23 ducks, 17 pheasants, 4 swans, 3 guinea fowls, 3 geese, 2 pigeons, 1 jay, 1 falcon in Kharkiv Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6329

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#Portugal - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

A Great Cormorant in Leiria Region. 

Backyard birds in Aveiro Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6230

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#Cambodia - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

Avian influenza was found in sick and dead wild birds along the shores of a lake in a bird sanctuary.

Location: Theay commune, Ba Phnum district, Prey Veng province.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6273

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#Ukraine - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

Unspecified species of domestic birds in Sumy Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6251

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#Portugal - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 Unspecified domestic birds in Leiria Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6214

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Exotic and #Zoological #Birds Resident and Imported into #Nigeria harbour Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza Virus: #Threat to #Poultry Production, Food security and Public Health.

Abstract

Influenza is a major infectious disease challenge affecting animal and human health globally, and wild birds are historically the primary reservoirs of all the known Influenza A virus subtypes. Here, we detected the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus in exotic and aquatic birds in three different locations in Nigeria. On the 8th of February 2021, exotic birds: Yellow Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), Sultan chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), Lakenvelder chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and Common pheasant (Phasianus calchicus), imported from Libya and transported across the Niger Republic border to Nigeria, were presented to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, for screening. Also, a family in Lagos State bought some exotic aquatic birds from a live bird market in Sokoto State, Nigeria, where sudden death was recorded with the birds showing few clinical signs. Similarly, the sudden death of some aquatic birds was reported in Mandela Parks and Gardens in Asaba, Delta State, few weeks after some captured wild birds were introduced to the Park and Gardens. Oropharyngeal, cloacal, and tissue samples were all collected from the reported cases. Total viral nucleic acid was extracted and screened for Influenza A viruses using real-time RT-PCR. The HPAI viruses H5N1 and H5N8 were detected in the imported aquatic (geese and ducks) and exotic (yellow golden pheasant) birds. The samples tested negative for low-pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H9N2) as well as other avian viruses, viz., Avian avulavirus-1 (Newcastle disease Virus) and infectious bronchitis virus. This highlights the role of these resident and imported exotic birds in the local transmission and spread of the HPAI virus to domestic poultry. The findings call for proper biosecurity and quarantine measures for exotic and wild birds to reduce the potential risk to animal and public health in Nigeria.

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.634354v1

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Immunization with a novel #RNA replicon #vaccine confers long-lasting #protection against #H5N1 avian #influenza virus in 24 #bird species

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) have spread worldwide and caused the death of hundreds of millions of wild birds and domestic poultry. Moreover, spill over of H5N1 HPAIV from infected birds to more than 50 different mammalian species including humans has been recorded. While, licensed vaccines for protection of avian or mammalian species are not yet available, a few candidate vaccines are being trialled. Here, we report on the experimental vaccination of chickens and captive wild birds using a propagation-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), in which the essential envelope glycoprotein (G) protein gene was replaced by a modified hemagglutinin gene derived from a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 isolated in 2022 in the animal park of Bern, Switzerland. VSV∆G(H5mb) was produced on helper cells providing the VSV G protein in trans. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens that were immunized twice via the intramuscular route with adjuvant-free VSV∆G(H5mb) replicon particles induced high levels of virus-neutralizing serum antibodies and were fully protected against lethal infection by H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b). Notably, immunized animals did not shed challenge virus from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that herd immunity can be achieved. The same vaccine was used to immunize a total of 317 captive wild birds at Bern Animal Park and Zoo Basel, representing 24 different species. No vaccine-associated side effects were observed. Birds without previous contact to H5Nx viruses produced high to very high H5-specific neutralizing antibody titers following the second immunization, while birds showing H5-specific antibodies prior to vaccination, already developed high neutralizing antibody titers after a single immunization. One year after vaccination, most animals still showed significant neutralizing antibody titers, indicating that VSV∆G(H5mb) is able to induce a long-lasting protective immune response. Our results indicate that VSV∆G(H5mb) is an extraordinary safe and highly efficacious vaccine to stop H5N1 replication in various avian species.

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.15.633174v1

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#Germany - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

Backyard reared non-poultry birds in Rheinland-Pfalz Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6149

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