ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract Mpox clade Ib is significant as it is associated with human cases and plays a key role in understanding the transmission and public health implications of mpox outbreaks. Here we present a case report of the first confirmed human infection of clade Ib in China , which occurred in December 2025 in Zhejiang Province. The case was a 28-year-old woman from South Africa who had sexual contact with an asymptomatic man from the Democratic Republic of the Congo . She presented with disseminated vesicular lesions on the extremities, face, buttocks, trunk, palms, and dorsum of the hands, but lesions were absent from the oral cavity, perineum, and anus. By the 18th day post-onset (DPO), only vesicles remained on the dorsum of the right foot and in the finger web spaces, with complete resolution by the 24th DPO. Among 59 consecutive samples collected, 55 tested positive for mpox virus . Oropharyngeal swabs turned negative by the 16th DPO, while skin lesion samples, urine samples, and scab...

Summary Background Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus, is a serious public health threat in Africa , especially in DR Congo . Previously limited to endemic areas with clade 1a, monkeypox virus has recently spread to non-endemic regions, where clade 1b has emerged . This study provides a clinical comparison of mpox cases in DR Congo regions where clade 1a and clade 1b are prevalent. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study , analysing PCR-confirmed mpox cases reported from sentinel health zones in seven provinces between Oct 1, 2023, and Sept 31, 2024. Cases from the newly affected provinces (South-Kivu and Kinshasa) were described along with those from four endemic provinces (Mai-Ndombe, Tshuapa, Tshopo, South-Ubangi, and Équateur). Surveillance data, including type of exposure, demographic details, clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes were collected from national surveillance systems and local health facilities, with laboratory confirmation using quantit...

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the interest in the use of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) strategy for infectious disease monitoring, especially when clinical cases are underreported. The excretion of monkey virus (MPXV) in the feces of both symptomatic and preclinical individuals has further driven the interest in WBS applicability to MPXV monitoring in wastewater to support its mitigation efforts. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, using six databases to assess MPXV detection in wastewater. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Also, we carried out a subgroup analysis according to the country regions and a sensitivity analysis excluding studies classified as having a high risk of bias. The overall MPXV positivity rate in wastewater was estimated at 22% (95% CI: 14−30%; I2 = 94.8%), with more detection rate in North America (26%, 95% CI: 8–43%) compared to Europe a...

{Excerpt} The zoonotic Orthopoxvirus monkeypox virus includes two main clades (ie, 1 and 2) relevant to human transmission .1 Two major outbreaks of monkeypox virus have occurred since 2022,1–3 and were declared public health emergencies of international concern by WHO in July, 2022, and August, 2024. The first outbreak was caused by a clade 2b strain that quickly spread worldwide, resulting in approximately 100 000 cases and 200 deaths.3 In the second outbreak, the novel clade 1b emerged .4 As of December, 2024, this upsurge has resulted in more than 55 000 reported or suspected cases and approximately 1000 deaths in DR Congo and neighbouring countries, including Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda , and Angola .4 A few imported clade 1b cases have also been reported in the UK, Sweden, Germany, Belgium, France, the USA, Canada , and Thailand .5 Prevention measures include patient isolation and care as well as vaccines. (...) Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases,  https://www.thelancet.com/journ...

Abstract We previously reported that mice immunized twice with a lipid nanoparticle vaccine comprising four monkeypox viral mRNAs raised neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cells and were protected against a lethal intranasal challenge with vaccinia virus (VACV). Here we demonstrated that the mRNA vaccine also protects mice against intranasal and intraperitoneal infections with monkeypox virus and bioluminescence imaging showed that vaccination greatly reduces or prevents VACV replication and spread from intranasal, rectal, and dermal inoculation sites. A single vaccination provided considerable protection that was enhanced by boosting for at least 4 months. Protection was related to the amount of mRNA inoculated, which correlated with neutralizing antibody levels . Furthermore, immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice lacking mature B and T cells that received serum from mRNA-immunized macaques before or after VACV challenge were protected. These findings provide insights i...