History of Mass Transportation: A Czech class 560 electric multiple unit in Brno

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By User:Harold17 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4243027

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes

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History of Mass Transportation: The Czech Studénka Class 843 Diesel Autorail

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

By Rainerhaufe - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16304601

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes

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History of Mass Transportation: The Diesel Multiple Unit 844.001 ČD in Cerhenice

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

By PetrS. - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19896613

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes

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History of Mass Transportation: The Vagónka Studénka Krokodýl (Crocodile) Autorail (1962–68)

By Vít Javůrek - http://www.mujweb.cz/www/mhd_jama/vlaky3/Krasa10/olrepc1.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6311434

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes

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History of Mass Transportation: The CD/CZ ''Hydra'' Diesel Autorail (1968–70) by Vagónka Studénka

 

By Vít Javůrek - http://www.mujweb.cz/www/mhd_jama/vlaky3/Krasa8/libun18.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6584716

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes

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History of Mass Transportation: A Diesel multiple unit 854.206, Brno main station, Czech Republic

 

By Harold - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10217313

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes

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History of Mass Transportation: The CZ/CD Diesel Railcar class 680 (1974)

 

By Václav Vyskočil (Upload: Jagro) - www.vlaky.net: [1], CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5776155

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes

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#Czechia - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

Suspicion of avian influenza was raised at the Mirovice slaughterhouse. The suspicion concerned slaughtered ducks originating from a commercial fattening duck farm (Primary outbreak No. HPAI1-2/2025). A suspicion of HPAI was raised based on the pathological-anatomical findings and the information that there has been increased mortality in the farm. The official veterinary officer collected samples of ducks from the slaughterhouse for testing, which were sent by courier to the National Reference Laboratory, and issued preliminary veterinary measures for the slaughterhouse to prevent the spread of the disease.

In connection with the suspicion of HPAI at the slaughterhouse (Secondary outbreak No. HPAI1-3/2025), commercial poultry farm with a fattening ducks. During the on-site inspection, it was found that the animals were dying massively (in total 2 700 birds and the high mortality still ongoing) and showing clinical signs (lethargy, ruffled feathers, and neurological symptoms). The farmer did not report the increased mortality and sent the ducks to the slaughterhouse and causing its possible further spread.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7004

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#Genetic data and #meteorological conditions suggesting #windborne #transmission of #H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian #influenza between commercial #poultry outbreaks

 

Abstract

Understanding the transmission routes of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is crucial for developing effective control measures to prevent its spread. In this context, windborne transmission, the idea that the virus could travel through the air over considerable distances, is a contentious concept, and documented cases have been rare. Here, though, we provide genetic evidence supporting the feasibility of windborne transmission. During the 2023−24 HPAI season, molecular surveillance identified identical H5N1 strains among a cluster of unrelated commercial farms about 8 km apart in the Czech Republic. The episode started with the abrupt mortality of fattening ducks on one farm. This was followed by disease outbreaks at two nearby high-biosecurity chicken farms. Using genetic, epizootiological, meteorological and geographical data, we reconstructed a mosaic of events strongly suggesting wind was the most probable mechanism of infection transmission between poultry in at least two independent cases. By aligning the genetic and meteorological data with critical outbreak events, we determined the most likely time window during which the transmission occurred and inferred the sequence of infected houses at the recipient sites. Our results suggest that the contaminated plume emitted from the infected fattening duck farm was the critical medium of HPAI transmission, rather than the dust generated during depopulation. Furthermore, our results also strongly implicate the role of confined mechanically-ventilated buildings with high population densities in facilitating windborne transmission and propagating virus concentrations below the minimum infectious dose at the recipient sites. These findings underscore the importance of considering windborne spread in future outbreak mitigation strategies.

Source: PLoS One, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0319880

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#Czech Republic - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

Increased mortality of poultry, clinical signs, commercial holding of pheasants, hens, ducks, geese, peacocks.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6486

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#Czech Republic - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

Sudden death of birds, clinical signs, non-commercial hobby flock of hens, products are used exclusively for own consumption in the same household.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6471

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#Genetic #data and #meteorological conditions: unravelling the windborne #transmission of #H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian #influenza between commercial #poultry #outbreaks

Abstract

Understanding the transmission routes of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is crucial for developing effective control measures to prevent its spread. In this context, windborne transmission, the idea that the virus can travel through the air over considerable distances, is a contentious concept and, documented cases are rare. Here, though, we provide genetic evidence supporting the feasibility of windborne transmission. During the 2023-24 HPAI season, molecular surveillance identified identical H5N1 strains among a cluster of unrelated commercial farms about 8 km apart in the Czech Republic. The episode started with the abrupt mortality of fattening ducks on one farm and was followed by disease outbreaks at two nearby high-biosecurity chicken farms. Using genetic, epizootiological, meteorological and geographical data, we reconstructed a mosaic of events strongly suggesting wind was the mechanism of infection transmission between poultry in at least two independent cases. By aligning the genetic and meteorological data with critical outbreak events, we determined the most likely time window during which the transmission occurred and inferred the sequence of infected houses at the recipient sites. Our results suggest that the contaminated plume emitted from the infected fattening duck farm was the critical medium of HPAI transmission, rather than the dust generated during depopulation. Furthermore, they also strongly implicate the role of confined mechanically-ventilated buildings with high population densities in facilitating windborne transmission and propagating virus concentrations below the minimum infectious dose at the recipient sites. These findings underscore the importance of considering windborne spread in future outbreak mitigation strategies.

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637829v1

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