#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, Oct. 17 '26)

 

Epidemiol Infect

1. ONTAS E
   Establishing influenza epidemic thresholds and intensity levels in Turkiye using the moving epidemic method and assessing concordance with WHO transmission zones: A sentinel surveillance analysis of ten seasons, 2013-2025.
   Epidemiol Infect. 2026;154:e129.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
2. KUMBAROFF Z, Harvey EP, Whitehead J, O'Neale DRJ, et al
   Ethnic inequities in mathematical models for respiratory infectious disease: A systematic review.
   Epidemiol Infect. 2026;154:e130.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
3. HAUSER-VAN WESTRHENEN ESEM, De Hoog MLA, Winkel AMAM, Junquera Guinovart L, et al
   Viral interference with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic: An individual participant data meta-analysis.
   Epidemiol Infect. 2026;154:e128.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
4. TRIGO F, Guillen JM, Hernandez-Barrera V, Gil R, et al
   Burden of RSV hospital disease and its comorbidities in adults in Spain (2016-2023).
   Epidemiol Infect. 2026;154:e127.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
5. PILAPIL JD, Mata MA, Del Rosario R, Pasciolco MJ, et al
   Genomic surveillance of COVID-19 in Hong Kong (2020-2023): Analysing SARS-CoV-2 variants, mutations, and their impact on viral entry.
   Epidemiol Infect. 2026;154:e124.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
6. SPRONK M, Boyd A, Campman SL, Jongen V, et al
   Presence of post-COVID-19 condition in six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a retrospectively reconstructed time interval approach.
   Epidemiol Infect. 2026;154:e121.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Clin Microbiol

7. HEIMSCH KC, Stanoeva KR, Visser I, Rahou Y, et al
   SARS-CoV-2 and RSV external quality assessment on molecular detection and variant typing in European expert laboratories in 2025.
   J Clin Microbiol. 2026;64:e0025826.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
8. SMITH K, Martinez J, Yu H, Harrison J, et al
   Development and evaluation of an ARTIC-based amplicon sequencing assay for whole-genome characterization of respiratory syncytial virus.
   J Clin Microbiol. 2026;64:e0046826.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Immunol

9. KOUTSAKOS M, Crawford JC, Grzelak L, Rizzetto S, et al
   TCRalphabeta repertoire plasticity defines universal CD8+ T cell responses directed at influenza-specific HLA-A*02:01-PB1413-421 epitope.
   J Immunol. 2026;215:vkag270.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Infect Dis

10. BAI X, Chen S, Yin S, Zhao Q, et al
    Characterization of Mucosal BPI fold-containing family A member 1-High-Expressing Neutrophils and their Immune Defense roles in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Breakthrough Infection via single-cell RNA sequencing.
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:583-593.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
11. NARAYAN K, Tosh K, Holmes A, Hu L, et al
    Serum Virus-Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Clinical Trial Participants With and Without Immunocompromise Receiving Pemivibart, a Long-Acting Monoclonal Antibody for COVID-19.
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:e859-e868.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
12. AVADHANULA V, Bournat J, Ferlic-Stark LL, Bond NL, et al
    Impact of Low Community Circulation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) on Immunity Debt Against RSV in Adults During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:564-572.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
13. SUTCLIFFE CG, Sergent VM, Yazzie D, Brasinikas G, et al
    Post-COVID Rebound in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Driven by Resurgence of Serotype 4 Among American Indian Individuals in the Southwest United States.
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:e908-e921.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
14. MOORE HC, Foo D, Giannini F, Minney-Smith C, et al
    What is the Optimal RSV Immunization Strategy for Infants Born in the RSV Off-season?
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:e823-e828.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
15. EPSI NJ, Richard SA, Morris MJ, Lindholm DA, et al
    Is Cellular Senescence a Biological Feature of Long COVID? A Transcriptomic Analysis Across Comparative Postacute Sequelae Phenotypes.
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:e869-e880.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
16. PEREZ-GARCIA C, Llorente J, Aguirre Alastuey ME, Llamosi M, et al
    Lineage Dynamics and Risk Factors Underlying Serotype 4 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Spain.
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:e922-e934.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
17. WAN T, Lautenbach E, Mannathoko N, Mosepele M, et al
    Diverse genetic lineages spreading across healthcare and community boundaries underlie extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) colonization burden in Botswana.
    J Infect Dis. 2026 Jul 7:jiag342. doi: 10.1093.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
18. LEIS AM, Han JH, Hough CL
    Beyond the Acute Illness: Three Myths About Viral Respiratory Infection.
    J Infect Dis. 2026;234:513-515.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Virol

19. WILLIAMS SL, Gygli SM, Bjorgen JC, Fan H, et al
    Avian influenza A virus polymerase gene leads to temperature-resistant genome replication.
    J Virol. 2026 Oct 13:e0097826. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00978.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS Biol

20. NIU C, Huang X, Yan Q, Liu B, et al
    R1-32-like public antibodies acquire tolerance to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift through somatic hypermutation.
    PLoS Biol. 2026;24:e3003996.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS One

21. BHUKHAI K, Tanhuad N, Srimorkun P, Manopwisedjaroen S, et al
    Omicron SARS-CoV-2 shows NRP1-linked susceptibility in adipose-derived MSCs and alters primitive cord blood CD34(+) HSPCs.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0360439.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
22. SADIQ M, Wasim B, Khatoon A, Kumar A, et al
    Whole-exome sequencing identifies a missense variant in the cytoskeletal gene SVIL implicating actin remodeling in COVID-19 severity in a Pakistani cohort.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0360429.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
23. REZENDE LMT, Silva KVC, Cuadro A, Signes VM, et al
    Consequences of COVID-19 infection on educators' executive functions: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0350156.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
24. LI X, Ding J, Zhang Y, Hu T, et al
    Measuring destination image dissonance: A compositional data analysis of cross-media representations in Sanya's Tourism.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0360383.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
25. YANG Y, Juntila-Raymond C, Callear A, Smith M, et al
    Evaluation of pre-Omicron population immunity for SARS-CoV-2 in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) cohort.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0360506.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
26. VERFAILLIE SCJ, Verveen A, Visser D, Nieuwkerk P, et al
    Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A data-driven approach.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0359844.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
27. NGAMALEU MR, Tene H, Djounda R, Minomo R, et al
    Early inflammation-driven damage and delayed viral clearance are associated with prolonged biliary perturbation in a Cameroonian cohort of COVID-19 patients.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0357503.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
28. JUNG H, Jung M
    A retrospective epidemiological study of screening-derived solid cancer incidence proxy rates in South Korea before and after COVID-19 using Korean National Health Insurance Service data.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0360040.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Vaccine

29. BOER M, Klugkist I, Kroese F
    Educational background and vaccination beliefs in the Netherlands: A Bayesian Evidence Synthesis from four studies.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129132.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
30. SAIKI S, Kuroiwa M, Hashimoto K, Nakajima-Yoshida H, et al
    LP.8.1-directed recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine S-268025, formulated with squalene-based adjuvant A-910823, elicits robust immunogenicity and neutralizing breadth in mice.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129177.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
31. BAZARJAV P, Erdene-Ochir T, Sandagdorj A, Enkhtuvshin A, et al
    One-year antibody kinetics and effectiveness of a BNT162b2 booster after four primary COVID-19 vaccination regimens in Mongolia.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129179.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
32. GOULD S, Rohde CM, Destexhe E, Tiesjema B, et al
    Summary of 2025 Society of Toxicology Workshop "Vaccine Toxicology in the Post-COVID Era".
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129180.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
33. BRADY C, Govender M, Mellors J, Tipton T, et al
    Spike antibody Fc is associated with protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in macaques.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129192.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
34. SHICHINOHE S, Li Q, Tanaka H, Anindita J, et al
    Cross-clade protection against human H5N1 isolates by a clade 2.3.4.4b HA mRNA vaccine in mice.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129215.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
35. BEOGO I, Xu Y, Kibret TC, Muray M, et al
    Perception of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness perception in older racialized communities: role of major racial discrimination and health literacy.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129214.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
36. BEOGO I, Kibret TC, Zhang Q, Muray M, et al
    Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among among 55+ year-old Canadians: Exploring the role of racial discrimination, chronic disease comorbidities, and conspiracy beliefs.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129213.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
37. KOPP L, Hofner B, Mentzer D
    Mobile-app-based cohort event monitoring study (CEM) of COVID-19 vaccines.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129219.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
38. MARQUES DFP, Howard J, Alvarez ML, Machado A, et al
    Comparing two case definitions for including severe acute respiratory infection patients in influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness studies among older adults using the test-negative design: VEBIS hospital network, seven European countries, 2023/
    Vaccine. 2026;94:129234.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    

Differentiating #Avian and Seasonal #Influenza Viruses in #Wastewater by Digital #PCR

 

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5Nx) viruses, particularly clade 2.3.4.4b, pose substantial global health risks. We combined and piloted 2 duplex reverse transcription digital PCRs to discriminate between avian and seasonal influenza viruses in wastewater. This approach enabled rapid, strain-specific detection to reduce ambiguity in environmental surveillance for influenza viruses.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261234

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#Taiwan, Seasonal #Influenza and #COVID19 #Epidemics - Weekly Surveillance #Report (CDC, Oct. 13 '26): #H1N1pdm09 flu virus and #SARS-CoV-2 PQ.16.1.1 predominated

 

{Excerpts}

(...)

    According to CDC monitoring data, the domestic influenza epidemic is slowing down but is still in its epidemic period. 

    In week 40 (October 4-10), there were 128,847 outpatient and emergency room visits for influenza-like illnesses, a decrease of 8.9% from the previous week. 

    Last week (October 6-12), there were 144 new cases of severe influenza complications (132 H1N1, 10 untyped A, and 2 B) and 46 deaths (all H1N1). 

    Laboratory surveillance data shows that the influenza virus currently circulating in the community is predominantly type A, with type A H1N1 accounting for 91.8%. 

    This influenza season (115-116) saw a total of 149 severe cases (139 H1N1, 9 untyped A, and 1 type B) and 15 deaths (all H1N1). 

    The previous influenza season (114-115) saw a total of 1,887 severe cases (1,259 H1N1, 511 H3N2, 25 untyped A, and 92 type B) and 409 deaths (278 H1N1, 107 H3N2, 12 untyped A, and 12 type B). 

    Among the severe cases, the majority were elderly people over 65 years old (66.3%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.6%). 67.1% of the patients had not received the seasonal influenza vaccine. 

    The domestic COVID-19 epidemic is declining. 

    In the 40th week (October 4-10), there were 5,261 outpatient and emergency room visits for COVID-19, a 35.2% decrease compared to the previous week (September 27-October 3). 

    Last week (October 6-12), there were 21 new severe cases and 15 deaths. 

    This quarter (October 1, 2026-September 30, 2027) has seen a cumulative total of 31 severe cases, including 5 deaths. 

    In the previous quarter (October 1, 2025-September 30, 2026), there were a cumulative total of 783 cases of COVID-19 complicated by severe illness, including 173 deaths. 

    The majority of severe cases were among the elderly aged 65 and above (73.7%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.0%). 83.8% of them had not received the COVID-19 vaccine this season. 

    In the past four weeks, the most common local variants have been PQ.16.1.1 and NB.1.8.1.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/qCnfUYmbvj-LcuzLkB2GZg?typeid=9

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#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, Oct. 10 '26)

 

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

1. LIU S, Qiu X, Guo S, Wang L, et al
   Mechanistic blockade of RSV infection by a pre-F targeting single-domain antibody-Fc fusion protein.
   Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2026;70:e0054126.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   BMC Pediatr

2. APPEL S, Coughtrey AE, Kyrdalen A, Takeda A, et al
   Understanding heterogeneity in paediatric long COVID research: an overview of reviews and recommendations for future pandemics.
   BMC Pediatr. 2026;26:937.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Immunol

3. SEGARD A, Goguet E, Haines-Hull H, Williamson KC, et al
   Effects of natural killer cell depletion on innate and adaptive immune responses to COVID mRNA vaccination.
   J Immunol. 2026;215:vkag266.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Infect Dis

4. 
   Correction to: Introduction and Update: Advances in Influenza Therapeutics.
   J Infect Dis. 2026 Oct 8:jiag499. doi: 10.1093.
   PubMed        
   
   

   
   J Virol

5. CIACCI ZANELLA G, Vincent ML, Flores L, Aljets EK, et al
   A multivalent mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine containing eight hemagglutinin antigens elicited broad neutralizing antibody responses and protected against influenza A virus challenge in swine.
   J Virol. 2026 Oct 9:e0084826. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00848.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
6. SOUZA CK, Santos JJS, Boggiatto P, Sterle H, et al
   H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccination elicits adaptive immune responses in Holstein calves.
   J Virol. 2026 Oct 8:e0128926. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01289.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
7. DEL ROSARIO JMM, van Diemen PM, Frost SDW, Vishwanath S, et al
   A digitally immune-optimized influenza vaccine broadly neutralizes swine and human H1N1 influenza viruses and protects from heterologous challenge.
   J Virol. 2026 Oct 6:e0107326. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01073.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
8. NOORUZZAMAN M, Buchholz DW, Rani R, de Oliveira PSB, et al
   Infection and transmission dynamics of bovine and human influenza A H5N1 viruses in mouse and hamster models.
   J Virol. 2026 Oct 6:e0104426. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01044.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   PLoS One

9. ZAIR X, Wilm A, Benton MC, Tham CY, et al
   Sub-consensus haploid variant calling in long-read sequencing technology.
   PLoS One. 2026;21:e0356259.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
10. RAMIREZ-SOTO MC, Arroyo-Hernandez H, Machuca JVB, Stalder DH, et al
    Pneumonia incidence, hospitalizations and mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru: An observational study.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0351171.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
11. YEO D, Woo S, Kim J, Kim K, et al
    Exposure to residential greenness and subsequent risk of common mental disorders among individuals with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0359016.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
12. ANGRISANI M, Atella V, Bruine de Bruin W, Kopinska J, et al
    How personality traits shape susceptibility to mental distress in times of crisis: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0358371.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
13. PENG Q, Wu M, Feng Q
    Service-oriented reallocation and value-added intensity in China's sport industry, 2018-2024: A longitudinal accounting analysis.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0354049.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
14. POQUET D, Le Gal C, Hincker P, Beghin L, et al
    Reach and engagement in the ECAIL trial targeting socially disadvantaged families across the COVID-19 pandemic and cost-of-living crisis: A mixed-methods implementation study.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0350372.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
15. KANMA-OKAFOR OJ, Ravi P, Ngaybe MGB, Yusoof K, et al
    Enrollment in participatory surveillance programs and influenza vaccination uptake: A systematic review protocol.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0358599.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
16. MYAT KYAW HM, Li Y, Chan DKC, Capio CM, et al
    COVID-19 infection and Hong Kong elementary children's Chinese and English reading proficiencies: Parent-reported proficiency versus performance-based reading tests.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0359793.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
17. GUMMER T, Lu KH, von Glasenapp K
    Assessing the FAIRness of survey data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0358755.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

18. ALSTON H, Mora T, Walczak AM
    Neutralization titers reveal the structure of polyclonal antibody responses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2612096123.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Vaccine

19. JEONG O, Kim PK, Oh H, Lee K, et al
    Sequence-Aware Antigenic Alignment and SRID Potency Interpretation in Influenza Vaccines.
    Vaccine. 2026;93:129191.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    

Persistent #influenza A #RNA detection in a #fatal #pediatric case of influenza-associated #encephalopathy

 

Abstract

Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is a life-threatening complication of influenza. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with fulminant IAE. The patient received life-sustaining support, intensive immunomodulatory therapy, and antiviral therapy. Following an initial single dose of baloxavir marboxil, persistent influenza A (H3N2) RNA detection prompted a multi-targeted antiviral regimen (oseltamivir, baloxavir marboxil, peramivir, and onradivir) as salvage therapy. Nevertheless, influenza A RNA remained detectable for more than 1 month, potentially reflecting severe neurological injury, immunosuppression, and impaired airway clearance.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103380

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#Taiwan, Seasonal #Influenza and #COVID19 #Epidemics - Weekly Situation #Update (CDC, Oct. 6 '26): #H1N1pdm09 flu virus & #SARS-CoV-2 PQ.16.1.1 predominate

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

    According to CDC monitoring data, the domestic influenza epidemic remains stable and is still in its epidemic period. 

    In week 39 (September 27 - October 3), there were 139,060 outpatient and emergency room visits for influenza-like illnesses, a slight decrease of 1.4% from the previous week. 

    Last week (September 29 - October 5), there were 219 new cases of severe influenza complications (210 H1N1, 1 H3N2, 7 unidentified A cases, and 1 B case) and 44 deaths (41 H1N1, 1 H3N2, and 2 unidentified A cases). 

    Laboratory surveillance data shows that the influenza virus currently circulating in the community is predominantly type A, with type A H1N1 accounting for 90.7%. 

    This flu season (2025-2026) saw a total of 30 severe cases (all H1N1); the previous flu season (2024-2025) saw a total of 1,862 severe cases (1,225 H1N1, 511 H3N2, 35 unidentified A cases, and 91 B cases) and 378 deaths (247 H1N1, 107 H3N2, 12 unidentified A cases, and 12 B cases). 

    Among the severe cases, the majority were elderly people over 65 years old (66.4%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.6%), and 67.2% had not received the flu vaccine for this season. 

    Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of COVID-19 cases in the country has declined, but it is still in the epidemic period. 

    In the 39th week (September 27 - October 3), there were 7,836 outpatient and emergency visits for COVID-19, a decrease of 26.7% compared with the previous 7 days (September 24 - September 30). 

    Last week (September 29 - October 5), there were 37 new local severe cases and 16 local deaths. 

    This quarter (October 1, 2026 - September 30, 2027) saw a cumulative total of 12 local severe cases, with no deaths. 

    In the previous quarter (October 1, 2025 - September 30, 2026), there were a cumulative total of 781 local cases of COVID-19 complicated with severe illness, of which 163 died. 

    The majority of severe cases were among the elderly aged 65 and above (73.6%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.0%). 83.9% of these cases had not received the COVID-19 vaccine that quarter. In the past four weeks, the most common local case variants were PQ.16.1.1 and NB.1.8.1.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/tC7VIc05_kkg8wOlIPpQIw?typeid=9

____

Increased circulation of #influenza #H1N1pdm09 viruses with reduced susceptibility to #oseltamivir, #Germany 2024–2026

 

Highlights

    • The National Influenza Center for Germany (Germany NIC) detected an increase in the prevalence of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses carrying the neuraminidase substitution NA-S247N, rising from 1.16% circulating in the 2024/25 influenza season to 56.8% in the 2025/26 season.

    • The NA-S247N substitution reduced oseltamivir susceptibility slightly; combined NA-S247N/NA-I223V/T substitutions showed reduced inhibition according WHO criteria.

    • Continuous molecular and phenotypic surveillance is essential for public health and the early detection of viruses with reduced susceptibility to antiviral drugs.

    • Rapid pyrosequencing supports the routine surveillance of neuraminidase substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to antivirals.

    • The findings illustrate the Germany NIC's 30-year contribution to antiviral susceptibility monitoring.

Abstract

Background

Oseltamivir is still considered to be the first-line antiviral treatment for severe seasonal influenza. However, resistance to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors poses significant challenges to influenza management. Since the 2023/24 season, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses carrying neuraminidase substitutions (NA-I223V and/or NA-S247N) have emerged in Germany, other EU/EEA countries, and some of the World Health Organization (WHO) regions. These viruses have been linked to reduced oseltamivir susceptibility.

Methods

A rapid RT-PCR/pyrosequencing assay was developed and validated to detect NA-I223X and NA-S247X substitutions. Subsequently, a total of 765 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses detected in Germany during the 2024/25 and 2025/26 influenza seasons were characterized phenotypically using fluorometric NA inhibition testing and/or genotypically using next-generation sequencing and pyrosequencing.

Results

The prevalence of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses bearing the NA-S247N substitution increased from 1.2% in the 2024/25 season to 56.8% in the 2025/26 season, accounting for up to 80% of analyzed viruses by March 2026. Viruses carrying NA-S247N exhibited higher oseltamivir IC50 values than wild-type viruses. Combinations of NA-S247N with substitutions at position 223 demonstrated an additional increase. In viruses carrying the combined NA-S247N and NA-I223V/T substitutions oseltamivir showed reduced inhibition with increased IC50 values of up to 17-fold compared to wild type viruses.

Conclusions

The accumulation of NA substitutions in A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses, particularly NA-S247N in combination with NA-I223V/T, substantially reduces susceptibility to oseltamivir. The marked increase in NA-S247N prevalence suggests that this substitution is becoming persistent rather than transient. Targeted pyrosequencing is a practical tool for the early detection of emerging resistance-associated substitutions.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151745

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#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, Oct. 3 '23)

 

Antiviral Res

1. MA S, Chen Y, Zhu J, Zong Y, et al
   N70S/Y155H Combined Mutation of Neuraminidase of Avian Influenza H9N2 Virus confers oseltamivir and zanamivir resistance and pathogenicity to Mice.
   Antiviral Res. 2026 Sep 29:106540. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106540.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Infect

2. NAZARETH J, Martin CA, Pan D, Barr IG, et al
   Ethnic differences in inactivated influenza vaccine immunogenicity in UK Healthcare Workers: A two-year prospective longitudinal study.
   J Infect. 2026 Sep 29:106862. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106862.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
3. DUAN Q, Jin X, Fu X, Zhu A, et al
   Household transmission dynamics of human respiratory syncytial virus in China: A multicentre epidemiological and molecular study.
   J Infect. 2026;93:106834.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
4. ZHOU S, Liu C, Liu W, Cai K, et al
   Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Diverse Coronaviruses in the Human Population.
   J Infect. 2026 Aug 11:106827. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106827.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
5. LI X, Mercade-Besora N, Lam AS, Barboza C, et al
   Effectiveness and waning of the fourth dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for the prevention of SARS-CoV2 infection related hospitalisations and deaths.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

7. KYAW NTT, Foote MMK, Lo Piccolo AJ, Wallach AB, et al
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   PLoS Biol

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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   PLoS Comput Biol

10. LEMAITRE J, Lessler J
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    PLoS One

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16. BABAZADEH SHAREH M, Kleiner F, Bohme M, Hagele C, et al
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17. ONYANGO EO, Kiplagat J, Gokiert R, Owuor PM, et al
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    Vaccine

23. NIAN H, Ding T, Lee RL, Gebretsadik T, et al
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#Maternal #vaccination against #COVID19, #influenza, #pertussis, and #RSV: a scoping review

 

Abstract

Pregnancy and early infancy are periods of heightened vulnerability, with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections potentially linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and stillbirth. Maternal vaccination provides direct protection to mothers by active immunisation
and to infants by passive immunisation. This scoping review mapped and described published literature on maternal vaccination against COVID-19, influenza, pertussis, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It includes information on the outcome domains studied and if timing of vaccination was examined, with the aim of identifying evidence gaps and supporting decision-makers in choosing priority areas for subsequent systematic review topics. A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases of studies published from January 2000 to October 2025 identified 635 publications (540 publications of primary studies, 95 evidence syntheses). Studies on COVID-19 (260 publications of studies, 45 reviews), influenza (161 publications of studies, 29 reviews), pertussis (113 publications of studies, 20 reviews), and RSV (20 publications of studies, 11 reviews) were analysed. Available evidence on COVID-19, influenza, and pertussis vaccination on efficacy, effectiveness, safety and immunogenicity outcomes is considerable. RSV vaccination evidence is limited. Updated systematic reviews would be helpful to clarify the optimal timing of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination and the effectiveness and safety of the coadministration of influenza and pertussis vaccines.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-026-01545-2

____

#Taiwan, Seasonal #Influenza and #COVID19 #Epidemics Weekly #Report (CDC, Sept. 29 '26): #H1N1pdm09 flu virus and #SARS-CoV-2 PQ.16.1.1 variant predominated

 

{Excerpts}

(...)

    According to data from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the influenza epidemic in Taiwan remains stable and is still in its prevalent period. 

    In week 38 (September 20-26), there were 138,654 outpatient and emergency room visits for influenza-like illnesses, a slight decrease of 3.2% compared to the previous week, mainly due to outpatient closures during the long weekend. 

    Additionally, last week (September 22-28), there were 87 new severe cases of influenza (80 H1N1, 1 H3N2, and 6 untyped A cases) and 30 deaths (all H1N1). 

    Laboratory surveillance data shows that the influenza virus currently circulating in the community is predominantly type A, with type A H1N1 accounting for 87.7%. 

    This flu season (2015-2016) saw a cumulative total of 1,673 severe cases (1,041 H1N1, 510 H3N2, 32 unclassified H1N1, and 90 H1N1) and 334 deaths (206 H1N1, 106 H3N2, 10 unclassified H1N1, and 12 H1N1). 

    The majority of severe cases were among those aged 65 and above (65.9%) and those with a history of chronic illnesses (83.4%). 67.7% of patients had not received the flu vaccine this season. 

    Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, while the number of cases in Taiwan has decreased, it remains in an epidemic period. 

    In week 38 (September 20-26), there were 10,502 outpatient and emergency room visits related to COVID-19, a 28.4% decrease compared to the previous week (September 13-19). 

    Last week (September 22-28), there were 33 new severe cases and 14 new deaths. 

    Since October 2025, there have been a total of 756 cases of COVID-19 complicated by severe illness, of which 147 have died. 

    The majority of severe cases are among the elderly aged 65 and above (73.7%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (82.9%). 83.6% of these cases have not received the COVID-19 vaccine this season. 

    In the past four weeks, the most prevalent local case variants have been PQ.16.1.1 and NB.1.8.1.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/PkxM8mKEAbKUXcS81xFuxQ?typeid=9

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#Recommendations announced for #influenza #vaccine composition for the 2027 southern hemisphere influenza season (WHO, extract)

 

{Excerpts}

(...)

    From February to August 2026, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses circulated in varying proportions across all regions of the world, causing disease. 

    Influenza A viruses were the most common in most regions, except Northern and Western Africa, North America and Eastern Asia, where influenza B viruses dominated.

    WHO recommends that vaccines for use in the 2027 southern hemisphere influenza season contain the following:

Egg-based vaccines

    ° an A/Missouri/11/2025 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus;

    ° an A/Darwin/1454/2025 (H3N2)-like virus; and

    ° a B/Tokyo/EIS13-175/2025 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus.

Cell culture-, recombinant protein- or nucleic acid-based vaccines

    ° an A/Missouri/11/2025 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus;

    ° an A/Darwin/1415/2025 (H3N2)-like virus; and

    ° a B/Pennsylvania/14/2025 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus.

    As part of the review, experts also looked at influenza viruses circulating in animals, particularly those that have caused infections in humans. These animal or zoonotic influenza viruses remain a significant concern because of their potential to cause pandemics.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.who.int/news/item/25-09-2026-recommendations-announced-for-influenza-vaccine-composition-for-the-2027-southern-hemisphere-influenza-season

____

Occurrence of #influenza #antivirals and #resistance development in #influenza A viruses in aquatic #environments: A risk assessment

 

Abstract

Influenza antivirals (IAs) have been detected in aquatic environments inhabited by dabbling ducks, the natural reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV), raising concerns about the development of antiviral resistance. Because novel human IAV strains often contain genetic material of avian origin, this may contribute to resistance in viruses with pandemic potential. This study aimed to assess the environmental risk posed by four IAs—oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), zanamivir (ZA), peramivir (PE), and amantadine (AM)—based on their potential for environmental release, environmental stability, and induction of antiviral resistance. The assessment combined data from new experiments on (1) environmental release and (2) environmental stability of PE, AM, OC, and ZA, with results from previously published in vivo experiments in a mallard model examining (3) resistance development to OC, PE, and ZA in IAV. The risk of environmental release was assessed as high for OC, AM, and PE, and very high for ZA. Environmental stability ranged from very high to low, in the order PE > AM > OC > ZA. The potential to induce resistance in IAV was similar for PE and OC, and lower for ZA. Overall, the environmental risk ranking was PE > OC > ZA, with PE and OC posing the highest risks. Prudent use of IAs requires balancing the risk of resistance development against clinical benefit. In cases of complicated influenza or in high-risk patient groups, the clinical benefits are substantial and justify IA use. However, in uncomplicated influenza among otherwise healthy individuals, the clinical benefit is limited, and the risk of resistance development should be carefully considered. Among the evaluated antivirals, ZA showed the lowest environmental risk and should be preferred when feasible.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358447

____