#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, May 30 '26)

 

Cell

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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
2. WALL EC, Richter AG
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
3. FOURNIER M, Vanderkerken M, Dorgham K, Bastard P, et al
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Epidemiol Infect

4. KITAMURA N, Kondo N, Ith S, Okuyama M, et al
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Immunol

5. WANG Q, McManus LR, Levine KS, Blanc R, et al
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Infect

6. WEE LE, Ho RWL, Lim JT, Lim SK, et al
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7. MUNRO AP, Ferrari M, Kinsley R, Egan D, et al
   A phase I, needle free, dose escalation clinical trial of pEVAC-PS, a candidate pan-Sarbecovirus Vaccine.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
8. KIM HK, Jo S, Min KD, Cho SI, et al
   Effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Patients With Cancer: Evidence From a Nationwide Target Trial Emulation.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Virol

9. LOES AN, Tarabi RAL, Li SH, Atkinson RK, et al
   Strain-specific differences in the response to egg-derived versus recombinant protein influenza vaccines.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Virol Methods

10. ZENG Q, Liu L, Wang T, Zhang C, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS Biol

11. ZHOU F, Periasamy S, Jackson ND, Cheng WS, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS Med

12. JANSEN E, Bockstal V, Herschke F, Olsson Gisleskog P, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS One

13. SILVA-VALENCIA J, Tu K, Moineddin R, Butt DA, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
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15. AKIN HY, Tuncali T, Gencer EB, Cengiz Seval G, et al
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16. SIROTIAK Z, Oberhauser AM, Sirotiak AM, Nettleton KA, et al
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18. AGYEI G, El-Duah P, Dumevi RM, Muzeniek T, et al
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22. BRIDGMAN WH, Safta C, Ray J
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Vaccine

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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
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29. HALFMANN PJ, Duffy A, Wang T, Kawaoka Y, et al
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30. LAMBERT D, Luisi N
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31. SHEN Y, Shahn Z, Robertson MM, Gebo K, et al
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32. MULLER MP, Soe P, Shulha HP, Isenor JE, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
33. AMOAKO N, Cohuet S, Adjei MR, Gurry C, et al
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34. BALAM S, Kane F, Traore B, Konate D, et al
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36. ANYANGO RO, Nyawanda BO, Onyando BO, Haidara FC, et al
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38. ONYANDO BO, Nyawanda BO, Onguru D, Haidara FC, et al
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39. KUSEMERERWA S, Ankunda V, Ongaria TA, Abaasa A, et al
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41. SIKUVI K, Nghitukwa N, Kakehongo N, Katjitae I, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Virology

44. UNO N, Ross TM
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Virus Res

45. FARSIU N, Mahani FK, Arefinia N, Charostad J, et al
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46. VAN DIJK LLA, Rijsbergen LC, Havelaar AC, den Hartog Y, et al
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47. JANGJOU A, Izadpanah P, Moqhadas M, Faramarzi H, et al
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    PubMed         Abstract available

Increased burden of #influenza #H1N1pdm09 in older adults following the #COVID19 #pandemic

 

Abstract

Of the two influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes circulating endemically in humans, A/H3N2 and A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2 has historically been the dominant driver of disease burden in older adults. Based on an analysis of publicly available global surveillance data from 2015 to 2025 (>300,000 subtyped, age-stratified infections), we report a substantially increased contribution of A/H1N1pdm09 to influenza morbidity in older adults since approximately 2022. Birth cohort-stratified analyses suggest elevated A/H1N1pdm09 burden among individuals born before 1955-1959, consistent with erosion of pre-existing immunity originally generated by exposure to historical A/H1N1 strains. Pooled estimates across datasets and analytical approaches indicate the increase in A/H1N1pdm09 burden rises with earlier birth year, ranging from 1.22-fold (95% CI 1.08-1.37) for the 1955-1959 birth cohort to 3.10-fold (95% CI 2.58-3.72) for the 1930-1934 cohort. These findings point to a substantial rise in the overall influenza burden among the most vulnerable age groups, with implications for vaccine policy, clinical management, and public health planning.

Competing Interest Statement

C.A.R. has received consulting fees from CSL Seqirus, Moderna, Pfizer, GSK, and Sanofi for advisory services unrelated to this work.

Source: 

Link: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.20.26353664v1

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Understanding the emergence of the #influenza #H3N2 K #subclade in its historical and evolutionary context

Abstract

The emergence in 2025/26 of the influenza A/H3N2 K substrain (H3N2/K) was the cause of significant public health concern. This genetically divergent virus was assessed to have a strongly decreased reactivity to contemporary vaccine strains. Respectively prolonged and early influenza seasons in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres contributed to concerns about vaccine efficacy. Here we retrospectively assessed the genetic and antigenic properties of this virus, combining epidemiological surveillance data, computational antigenic analysis, and serological data using samples from a well-stratified UK cohort. In contrast to initial indications, we found that despite the genetic distinctiveness of H3N2/K the virus had undergone limited antigenic change, suggesting that its emergence was instead the result of selection for non-antigenic properties. We confirmed previous results showing that contemporary vaccines produced an enhanced neutralising response to H3N2/K but, in a stratified serological analysis, showed that responses to the J and K substrains were age-dependent, largely driven by patterns of vaccination. Our results have implications for antigenic surveillance and for public communication strategies in future influenza seasons.

Competing Interest Statement

PRM declares funding by MSD. EH has received an honorarium for advisory board work for Seqirus.

Funder Information Declared

Medical Research Council, MR/Y03368X/1, MC_UU_0034/1, MC_UU_0034/2, MC_UU_0034/3, MC_UU_0034/5, MC_UU_0034/6

Source: 

Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.21.726823v1

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#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, May 23 '26)

 

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35. 
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#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, May 16 '26)

 

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Cross-reactive #human #antibody responses to #H5N1 #influenza virus #neuraminidase are shaped by immune history

 

Abstract

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have spread globally and pose a pandemic risk. Prior studies suggest that early life exposures to group 1 influenza viruses (H1N1 and H2N2) prime antibodies that cross-react to the hemagglutinin of H5N1, which is also a group 1 virus. However, less is known about how immune history affects antibody responses against the H5N1 neuraminidase (NA). We measured NA inhibition antibodies against multiple H5N1 viruses using sera from 155 individuals born between 1927 and 2016. Individuals likely primed in childhood with H1N1 viruses possessed higher levels of antibodies that cross-react with the NA of H5N1 viruses compared to those primed with H2N2 or H3N2 viruses. While young children rarely possessed cross-reactive N1 antibodies, childhood infections with contemporary H1N1, but not H3N2, viruses elicited them. We also measured antibodies against an H5N5 virus (A6 genotype) that recently caused a fatal infection in the United States. Consistent with the lack of circulation of N5 viruses in humans, we found low levels of antibodies against the N5 NA. Our data suggest that immune history greatly impacts the generation of cross-reactive NA antibodies, and that reassortment with other NAs may increase the risk of H5 infection of humans.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-72941-4

____

The Decline in #Influenza #Antibody Titers and Modifiers of #Vaccine #Immunity from over Ten Years of Serological Data

 

Abstract

Annual influenza vaccination is the cornerstone for seasonal protection, yet antibody responses are highly variable across individuals and over time. To systematically assess the determinants of this heterogeneity, we compiled 20,449 hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization titers from 4,540 participants enrolled in 14 new vaccine studies we conducted and 50 prior studies that collectively span 2010-2023. Seasonal effects dominated, with pre- and post-vaccination titers declining steadily from 2017 onwards, outweighing the influence of age, sex, or repeated vaccination. Titers to B Yamagata remained steady throughout all years examined, suggesting unique durability and offering a reason for lineage extinction. Vaccine timing emerged as a strong and previously underappreciated determinant of immunity, with individuals vaccinated later in the season exhibiting larger post-vaccination titers. Not being vaccinated or receiving the live-attenuated FluMist vaccine in one year significantly enhanced the response to inactivated vaccines in 45% or 68% of cohorts, respectively, whereas antigen dose and adjuvants had modest impact. These findings identify vaccine timing and seasonal context as underrecognized drivers of immunogenicity and provide actionable insights for optimizing influenza vaccination strategies.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This research was supported by the the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the Computational Models of Influenza Immunity (U01 AI187062), LJI & Kyowa Kirin, Inc. (KKNA - Kyowa Kirin North America), and the Bodman family (TE).

Source: 

Link: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.25342310v2

____

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