ETIDIOH - NEW

  Ann Intern Med DACSO CC Coadministration of RSV + influenza or COVID-19 vaccines was noninferior to separate administration for immune responses in adults aged >/=50 y. Ann Intern Med. 2025 Apr 1. doi: 10.7326/ANNALS-25-00904. PubMed           Abstract available Antimicrob Agents Chemother PANG Y, Li H, Chen X, Cao Y, et al A phase I, single-center, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover study to evaluate the drug-drug interaction between ZSP1273 and oseltamivir in healthy Chinese subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025;69:e0172924. PubMed           Abstract available ZHAO L, Li C, Wang M, Zhou M, et al Potent antiviral activity of simnotrelvir against key epidemic SARS-CoV-2 variants with a high resistance barrier. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Mar 10:e0155624. doi: 10.1128/aac.01556. PubMed           Abstract available Biochem Biophys Res Co...

Abstract Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus carrying an I38N substitution was detected in an untreated teenager in Japan . The I38N mutant virus exhibited reduced susceptibility to baloxavir but remained susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and showed reduced growth capability . Monitoring antiviral drug susceptibility of influenza viruses is necessary to aid public health planning and clinical recommendations. Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/5/24-1123_article ____

  Ann Intern Med GRANWEHR BP CBT and rehabilitation improved long COVID symptoms. Ann Intern Med. 2025;178:JC28. PubMed           Abstract available IOANNOU GN, Berry K, Rajeevan N, Li Y, et al Effectiveness of the 2023-to-2024 XBB.1.5 COVID-19 Vaccines Over Long-Term Follow-up : A Target Trial Emulation. Ann Intern Med. 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.7326/ANNALS-24-01015. PubMed           Abstract available Antiviral Res KUO YS, Chiang PC, Kuo CY, Huang CG, et al Inhibition of influenza A virus proliferation in mice via universal RNA interference. Antiviral Res. 2025 Mar 25:106149. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106149. PubMed           Abstract available Arch Virol YE QY, Jiang ZT, Jiang Y, Cai JW, et al Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against symptom severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients infected with the Omicron variant. Arch Virol. 2025;170:88. PubMed ...

ABSTRACT Unexpected outbreaks caused by the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in dairy cows in the United States (US) have raised significant veterinary and public health concerns . When and how the H5N1 HPAIV was introduced into dairy cows and the broader epidemiology of influenza A virus (IAV) infections in cattle in the US remain unclear. Herein, we performed a retrospective study to screen more than 1,700 cattle serum samples collected from different bovine breeds in the US from January 2023 to May 2024 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) targeting the nucleoprotein (NP) to detect IAV infections, and the positive samples were further tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay . Results showed that 586 of 1,724 samples (33.99%) from 15 US states were seropositive by the NP ELISA assay , including 78 samples collected in 2024 and 508 samples collected in 2023 . Moreover, the HI assay revealed that 45 of these ELISA-positive samples were positiv...

  Am J Med HOLLAND J, Sheehan D, Brown S, O'Flanagan S, et al Immune Response and Cognitive Impairment in Post-COVID Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Am J Med. 2025;138:698-711. PubMed           Abstract available PASCULLI P, Zingaropoli MA, Dominelli F, Solimini AG, et al Insights into Long COVID: Unraveling Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Radiological Findings, Functional Sequelae and Correlations: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Med. 2024 Sep 17:S0002-9343(24)00569-2. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024. PubMed           Abstract available XU J, Wu D, Yang J, Zhao Y, et al Adult Outpatients with Long COVID Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. Part 1: Oral Microbiota Alterations. Am J Med. 2025;138:732-741. PubMed           Abstract available YOO KH, Lee SH, Cho Y, Kim YJ, et al Synergistic Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on the Risk of Ven...

Abstract Objective :  To analyze the epidemiological, etiological and genetic characteristics of influenza virus in Shandong Province during 2023-2024.  Methods :  The surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) in sentinel hospitals in Shandong from 2023 to 2024 were collected and analyzed. The isolated influenza strains with hemagglutination titers ≥8 were selected for antigenicity analysis , drug susceptibility test, gene sequencing and evolutionary analysis .  Results :  From 2023 to 2024, the positive rate of influenza virus in Shandong was 8.51% (23 663/277 995), the highest positive rate was in the age group of 5-14 years (15.78%, 6 073/38 478), and the highest positive rate was in the 49th week (35.86%, 2 264/6 313). Both antigenicity analysis and evolutionary analysis showed that the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype and B(Victoria) strain had good matching effect and close evolutionary distance with the 2023-2024 surveillance year vaccine strain. The A(H3N2) ...

Abstract Pharmacometric assessment of antiviral efficacy in acute influenza informs treatment decisions and pandemic preparedness. We assessed natural viral clearance in untreated acute influenza to guide clinical trial design. Standardized duplicate oropharyngeal swabs were collected daily over 14 days from 80 untreated low-risk Thai adults , with viral densities measured using qPCR. We evaluated three models to describe viral clearance: exponential, bi-exponential, and growth-and-decay . The growth-and-decay model provided the best fit, but the exponential decay model was the most parsimonious. The median viral clearance half-life was 10.3 hours (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.8-15.4), varying by influenza type: 9.6 hours (IQR: 6.2-13.0) for influenza A and 14.0 (IQR: 10.3-19.3) hours for influenza B. Simulated trials using clearance parameters from the exponential decay model, showed that 120 patients per arm provide over 90% power to detect treatments accelerating viral clearance by ...

Abstract The effectiveness of antivirals in mitigating influenza outbreaks depends on both their ability to reduce the number of infections and the risk of drug resistance. We extended a previously developed mathematical model to investigate the impact of mitigation strategies , including mono or combination antiviral treatment or chemoprophylaxis and vaccination , on influenza transmission dynamics. Our findings indicate that chemoprophylaxis is more effective than treatment in reducing influenza burden, except when the resistant strain has a high transmission rate, in which case chemoprophylaxis may trigger a resistance-driven secondary infection wave. Combination therapy considerably reduces resistance emergence with similar infection numbers as mono-therapy. Vaccination coverage of at least 80% is required to prevent outbreaks; otherwise, antivirals can contribute to outbreak control provided drug resistance emergence is low. This analysis could inform public health decision-making...

  Biochemistry (Mosc) FILIPPOVA TA, Masamrekh RA, Farafonova TE, Khudoklinova YY, et al Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M(pro)) Activity Based on Electrooxidation of Tyrosine Residue of a Model Peptide. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2025;90:120-131. PubMed           Abstract available BMC Pediatr JAYARATNE K, Illangasinghe P, Wanniarachchi S, Hettiarachchi D, et al Epidemic profile of COVID-19 child deaths in Sri Lanka: a retrospective nationwide analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2025;25:174. PubMed           Abstract available Cell XING L, Liu Z, Wang X, Liu Q, et al Early fusion intermediate of ACE2-using coronavirus spike acting as an antiviral target. Cell. 2025;188:1297-1314. PubMed           Abstract available J Epidemiol Community Health COSTE M, Prah JJ Applying the health capability profile: an analytical study of leading causes of death in the USA and of pressing...

Highlights •  First isolation and molecular evidence of the subtype H3N2 in swine in Colombia . •  Swine H3N2 discovered is phylogenetically divergent from other viruses. •  Colombian H3N2 was originated from an independent human-to-swine spillover. •  Sequence-based analysis reveals this is a novel antigenic variant . •  Due to antigenic variation , Colombian H3N2 possess a relevant zoonotic risk. Abstract Influenza A virus (FLUAV) affects a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals, posing a threat to public health . In swine, H3N2 subtype is associated with human-to-swine spillovers of seasonal viruses . In Latin America , the molecular and antigenic characteristics of swine FLUAV H3N2, as well as its phylogenetic origin, are poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the first swine H3N2 detected in Colombia . The origin and lineage of the virus were estimated through phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses . Anti...

Abstract Background Influenza is a pervasive respiratory infection which disproportionately burdens long-term care residents. To limit outbreaks, guidelines recommend antiviral prophylaxis, particularly oseltamivir or zanamivir , despite acknowledging the inadequate supporting evidence . Therefore, we aimed to review the literature on the efficacy of oseltamivir, zanamivir, and baloxavir prophylaxis for influenza in long-term care. Methods Medline, Embase, PubMed, and several other databases were searched from inception to August 16, 2023. For inclusion, observational studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had to report influenza-like illness (ILI) or infection rates amongst adult long-term care populations receiving prophylaxis. Outcome values were meta-analyzed as intervention-specific pooled proportions (PPs) and risk ratios (RRs) when applicable. Risk of bias was assessed via the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0 and Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results In total, 14 stud...