#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, May 16 '26)

 

Antiviral Res

1. PANG L, Zou J, Yuan Z, Zhao P, et al
   Repurposing screen using a robust human rhinovirus infectious clone identifies pyrvinium pamoate with antiviral activity.
   Antiviral Res. 2026;250:106417.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Cell

2. QIAN W, Wei X, Barros AJ, Ye X, et al
   Respiratory viral infections prime accelerated lung cancer growth.
   Cell. 2026;189:2845-2856.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Drug Saf

3. SHETTY AN, Mallard JH, Hennessy D, Wood N, et al
   Giant Cell Arteritis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Consumer-Stimulated Analysis.
   Drug Saf. 2026;49:705-715.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Clin Microbiol

4. SMITH ZR, Godoshian A, Boersma P, Myrick C, et al
   Evaluation of self-collection of nasal swab specimens for COVID-19 diagnostic testing in children in the United States, 2020-2023.
   J Clin Microbiol. 2026;64:e0133625.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Gen Virol

5. BHAT S, Sadeyen JR, Yang J, Chrzastek K, et al
   A G57 (BJ/94-like) H9N2 avian influenza virus exhibits enhanced replication and tissue dissemination in chickens compared with a G1-B virus.
   J Gen Virol. 2026;107.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Infect Dis

6. COLDBECK-SHACKLEY RC, Flynn E, Mudhar AK, Taouk ML, et al
   Increased Diversity and Introduction of Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Following Cessation of COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Travel Restrictions: An Observational Genomic Epidemiologic Study.
   J Infect Dis. 2026;233:e1130-e1140.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
7. LUCENA LAGE S, Rocco JM, Oguz C, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, et al
   Inflammasome Activation and Oxidative Stress in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Symptomatic Rebound.
   J Infect Dis. 2026;233:e1285-e1297.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
8. BOECKH M, Xie H, Stevens-Ayers T, Sircy L, et al
   Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in Hospitalized Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Requiring Supplemental Oxygen: Virologic and Clinical Characteristics and Association With Outcomes.
   J Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 31:jiaf649. doi: 10.1093.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
9. ZHANG R, Shang X, Wang C, Zhou H, et al
   Rhinovirus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
   J Infect Dis. 2026;233:868-876.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Virol

10. XU C, Peng Y, Liu S, Xie R, et al
    Cellular hnRNP D promotes influenza A virus replication by inhibiting TBK1-IRF3-mediated innate immune response.
    J Virol. 2026 May 13:e0025726. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00257.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
11. CHEN X, Zheng X, Zhang L, Cai X, et al
    Long noncoding RNA#61 synergizes with viral PA-X to augment pyroptosis and attenuate the virulence of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in mice.
    J Virol. 2026 May 12:e0221425. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02214.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
12. VAN PUL L, Rosendahl Huber SK, Jacobi R, Hendriks M, et al
    Cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses after influenza virus infection in community-dwelling older adults.
    J Virol. 2026 May 12:e0040726. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00407.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

13. ROLFES MA, Bauck L, Lipton BA, Margrey SF, et al
    Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Avian Influenza Among Owners of Backyard Flocks - United States, July-December 2025.
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2026;75:234-239.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
14. ROLFES MA, Bauck L, Lipton BA, Margrey SF, et al
    Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Avian Influenza Among Owners of Backyard Flocks - United States, July-December 2025.
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2026;75:234-239.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    N Engl J Med

15. HAYDEN FG, Shinkai M, Clark TW, Luetkemeyer AF, et al
    Ensitrelvir for Covid-19 Postexposure Prophylaxis in Household Contacts.
    N Engl J Med. 2026;394:1905-1915.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS Comput Biol

16. KIERAN TJ, Maines TR, Belser JA
    Limited 'heft' of weight-based outcomes in predicting influenza A virus disease severity in ferrets.
    PLoS Comput Biol. 2026;22:e1014210.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
17. YU G, Garee M, Ventresca M, Yih Y, et al
    Modeling individual self-protective behavior during epidemics.
    PLoS Comput Biol. 2026;22:e1014252.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS Med

18. GOODFELLOW L, Quilty BJ, van Zandvoort K, Edmunds WJ, et al
    Social contact patterns in the United Kingdom following the COVID-19 pandemic: The Reconnect cross-sectional survey.
    PLoS Med. 2026;23:e1005038.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS One

19. ZOUGHEIB Y, Salameh N, Slim A, Wehbi Z, et al
    Effect of screen time and outdoor activities on myopia progression.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
20. YEHIA N, Ibrahim M, Shady RM, Mohamed AAE, et al
    Concurrent circulation of avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H9N2 enhances the genetic evolution of reassortant viruses in Egyptian poultry populations.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0348609.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
21. CANTON L, Schalkwijk P, Landier J, Rebaudet S, et al
    Socioeconomic inequalities and the COVID-19 pandemic in France: Territorial analyzes based on epidemic wave and metropolitan area.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
22. SUGIYAMA A, Takafuta T, Abe K, Yoshinaga Y, et al
    Differences in the long-term course of post-COVID-19 symptoms in adults and children across epidemic periods: A retrospective cohort study in Japan, 2020-2024.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0348954.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
23. HUGHES A, Barnard S, Bauer-Staeb C, Holleyman R, et al
    Life lost due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A model-based cohort analysis of mortality displacement in the registered population of England.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
24. LIU Y, Lu E, Ellingson KD, Hollister J, et al
    Unveiling post-vaccination proteomic signatures in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive individuals associated with Omicron breakthrough infections.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
25. FREITAS EL, Erbisti RS, Grinberg-Weller B, Pinto DCC, et al
    Spatiotemporal analysis of psychoactive drug consumption in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0343552.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
26. TOGEL J, Kuhbandner C
    Fear and the internalization of external regulation - An exploratory study on how fear of COVID-19 affected the internalization of mask-wearing.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0347772.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
27. MILLER SL, Yan S, Garcia A, Wang LL, et al
    Potential airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2 through bathroom ventilation ducts associated with an outbreak in a residential building in Santander, Spain, 2020.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0345041.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
28. DOMINGUEZ-MONTERROZA A, Jimenez-Martin A, Mateos Caballero A
    Network geometry, topology, and spectral analysis in global stock markets: Insights from using the Ricci curvature, Euler characteristic, and random matrix theory.
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    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
29. BRAUN J, Kopp J, Kunzi L, Puhan MA, et al
    Measurement properties of the 30-second sit-to-stand test in post COVID-19 condition: Results from the PYCNOVID randomised controlled trial.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0348275.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
30. LAURENCE J, Smyth E
    COVID-19 pandemic stressors and their longer-term association with young people's wellbeing.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0347875.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
31. SCHERBOV S, Pothisiri W, Prasitsiriphon O, Ediev DM, et al
    Survival and life expectancy inequality by gender in Thai provinces: Trends from 2015 to 2023.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0348587.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
32. AZANERO-HARO J, Soto A
    Comparison of the performance of four clinical prediction rules for mortality in patients with COVID-19.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0348683.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
33. PENG Y
    Sustainability-induced loyalty in festival tourism: Examining the mediating pathways between sustainable practices and visitor behavioral support.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0348506.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

34. KEARNS FL, Bogetti AT, Calvo-Tusell C, Braza MKE, et al
    D614G reshapes allosteric networks and opening mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 spikes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2504793123.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
35. SIMKO T, Johnson RA
    Alleviating administrative burdens in rental assistance promotes access and program efficiency.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2512756123.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Vaccine

36. CARLOCK MA, Ross TM
    Retooling a novel influenza B hemagglutinin to redirect neutralizing antibodies against B/Victoria strains.
    Vaccine. 2026;84:128674.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Virology

37. WANG R, Chen J, Zhang H, Qin Y, et al
    Characterization of monoclonal antibody and identification of two novel linear epitopes on the hemagglutinin protein of H3N2 canine influenza virus.
    Virology. 2026;621:110923.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
38. DING K, Ding Y
    H5N1 avian influenza in dairy cattle: Molecular adaptation, transmission mechanisms, and control strategies.
    Virology. 2026;621:110927.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
39. ZHANG Y, Liu L, Chen T, Li M, et al
    CD25(+) cell depletion enhances protective immunity of PR8 inactivated influenza vaccine in aged mice.
    Virology. 2026;621:110938.
    PubMed         Abstract available

Cross-reactive #human #antibody responses to #H5N1 #influenza virus #neuraminidase are shaped by immune history

 

Abstract

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have spread globally and pose a pandemic risk. Prior studies suggest that early life exposures to group 1 influenza viruses (H1N1 and H2N2) prime antibodies that cross-react to the hemagglutinin of H5N1, which is also a group 1 virus. However, less is known about how immune history affects antibody responses against the H5N1 neuraminidase (NA). We measured NA inhibition antibodies against multiple H5N1 viruses using sera from 155 individuals born between 1927 and 2016. Individuals likely primed in childhood with H1N1 viruses possessed higher levels of antibodies that cross-react with the NA of H5N1 viruses compared to those primed with H2N2 or H3N2 viruses. While young children rarely possessed cross-reactive N1 antibodies, childhood infections with contemporary H1N1, but not H3N2, viruses elicited them. We also measured antibodies against an H5N5 virus (A6 genotype) that recently caused a fatal infection in the United States. Consistent with the lack of circulation of N5 viruses in humans, we found low levels of antibodies against the N5 NA. Our data suggest that immune history greatly impacts the generation of cross-reactive NA antibodies, and that reassortment with other NAs may increase the risk of H5 infection of humans.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-72941-4

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The Decline in #Influenza #Antibody Titers and Modifiers of #Vaccine #Immunity from over Ten Years of Serological Data

 

Abstract

Annual influenza vaccination is the cornerstone for seasonal protection, yet antibody responses are highly variable across individuals and over time. To systematically assess the determinants of this heterogeneity, we compiled 20,449 hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization titers from 4,540 participants enrolled in 14 new vaccine studies we conducted and 50 prior studies that collectively span 2010-2023. Seasonal effects dominated, with pre- and post-vaccination titers declining steadily from 2017 onwards, outweighing the influence of age, sex, or repeated vaccination. Titers to B Yamagata remained steady throughout all years examined, suggesting unique durability and offering a reason for lineage extinction. Vaccine timing emerged as a strong and previously underappreciated determinant of immunity, with individuals vaccinated later in the season exhibiting larger post-vaccination titers. Not being vaccinated or receiving the live-attenuated FluMist vaccine in one year significantly enhanced the response to inactivated vaccines in 45% or 68% of cohorts, respectively, whereas antigen dose and adjuvants had modest impact. These findings identify vaccine timing and seasonal context as underrecognized drivers of immunogenicity and provide actionable insights for optimizing influenza vaccination strategies.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This research was supported by the the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the Computational Models of Influenza Immunity (U01 AI187062), LJI & Kyowa Kirin, Inc. (KKNA - Kyowa Kirin North America), and the Bodman family (TE).

Source: 

Link: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.25342310v2

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#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (by AMEDEO, May 9 '26)

 

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

1. SULEA T, Stuible M, Moreno M, Pelletier A, et al
   Multifunctional ACE2-nanobody fusion design for pan-specific neutralization and cardiovascular protection in SARS coronavirus infection.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Antiviral Res

2. CHIBA S, Kiso M, Yamayoshi S, Uraki R, et al
   Niclosamide inhibits the replication of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5Nx) viruses and antiviral-resistant mutants.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Cell

3. HAVENS JL, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Zehr JD, Pekar JE, et al
   Dynamics of natural selection preceding human viral epidemics and pandemics.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Epidemiol Infect

4. MORTON LC, Forshey BM, Klinkhammer KE, Romaner A, et al
   Local genomic epidemiology investigations of SARS-CoV-2 during the early pandemic response: A global systematic review.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Gen Virol

5. SANTOS IA, Grosche VR, Oliveira LDS, Guarda PHS, et al
   Copper(II) benzyloxychalcone analogues as new potential metallodrugs against SARS-CoV-2 replication.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
6. ISLAM MT, Pillatzki A, Webb B, Ramamoorthy S, et al
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
7. SCHAFERS J, Warren CJ, Yang J, Zhang J, et al
   Stability of influenza viruses in the milk of cows and sheep.
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Infect

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9. PEREZ-MAZZALI M, Perez-Cozar F, Cal-Sabater P, Rybakowska P, et al
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   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Virol

10. ZHANG L, Hoffmann M, Pohlmann S
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    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

11. KIBIGER L, Oltean HN, Leitz L, Krause E, et al
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    N Engl J Med

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    PLoS Biol

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    PLoS Comput Biol

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    PLoS Med

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    PLoS One

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20. SIEBELS K, Ogden NH, Turgeon P, Lapeyre J, et al
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21. CHU L, Hollar TL, Klimas N, Bertolli J, et al
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23. BIR C, Jung J, Widmar NO
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24. KABATA Y, Terauchi R, Nakano T
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26. TORREJON-GUIRADO MC, Baena-Jimenez MA, Lima-Serrano M
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27. COSKUNER AKTAS S
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    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

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    Virology

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    Virus Res

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Efficacy and #Safety of an #mRNA Seasonal #Influenza #Vaccine in Adults

 

Abstract

Background

Seasonal influenza causes substantial illness and death in adults 50 years of age or older, even with current vaccines. An investigational messenger RNA (mRNA)–based vaccine called mRNA-1010 encodes hemagglutinin glycoproteins from World Health Organization–recommended influenza strains.

Methods

In this phase 3, double-blind, active-controlled trial, we randomly assigned adults 50 years of age or older to receive trivalent mRNA-1010 (37.5 μg, which includes 12.5 μg of each strain) or a licensed standard-dose comparator. The primary efficacy end point was relative vaccine efficacy against reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed, protocol-defined influenza-like illness caused by influenza A or B, from at least 14 days after vaccination through the end of the influenza season. Hypothesis testing was conducted hierarchically to assess noninferiority (lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval [CI], >−10%), superiority (lower boundary of the 95% CI, >0%), and a higher level of superiority (lower boundary of the 95% CI, >9.1%).

Results

A total of 40,703 participants received mRNA-1010 (20,350 participants) or the standard-dose comparator (20,353 participants); the median follow-up was 181 days (range, 1 to 227). RT-PCR–confirmed, protocol-defined influenza-like illness was observed in 411 of 20,179 recipients of mRNA-1010 (2.0%) and 557 of 20,124 recipients of the standard-dose comparator (2.8%), which corresponds to a relative vaccine efficacy of 26.6% (95% CI, 16.7 to 35.4), thereby meeting the criteria for noninferiority, superiority, and higher-level superiority. Solicited adverse reactions were more frequent with mRNA-1010 than with the standard-dose comparator (injection-site pain in 65.8% vs. 29.8%, fatigue in 45.1% vs. 20.3%, headache in 37.8% vs. 18.0%, and myalgia in 35.4% vs. 11.6%); most reactions were mild to moderate and transient. Serious adverse events were reported in 2.2% of the recipients of mRNA-1010 (with three events considered by the investigator to be vaccine-related) and in 1.9% of the recipients of the standard-dose comparator (with two events considered by the investigator to be vaccine-related).

Conclusions

In this trial, mRNA-1010 was superior to standard-dose licensed vaccines for prevention of RT-PCR–confirmed, protocol-defined influenza-like illness in adults 50 years of age or older. Solicited adverse reactions were more frequent with mRNA-1010. (Funded by Blackstone Life Sciences and Moderna; Fluent ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT06602024.)

Source: 

Link: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2516491?query=TOC

____

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Prior #immunity to seasonal #influenza #H3N2 virus confers varying levels of cross - #protection against challenge with clade 2.3.4.4b #H5N1, #H7N9, or #H9N2 virus in a #ferret model

 

ABSTRACT

Evaluating how prior immunity to seasonal influenza viruses influences subsequent zoonotic influenza A virus (IAV) infection in animal models is critical for pandemic preparedness. In this study, we investigated the cross-protective effect of pre-existing A(H3N2) immunity in ferrets challenged with three distinct subtypes of zoonotic IAVs: low pathogenic A(H7N9) and A(H9N2) viruses, and highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) virus. Our results show that A(H3N2) preimmunity conferred some protection against A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) virus infection, as evidenced by more rapid viral clearance in the upper respiratory tract, reduced virus shedding in the nasal wash on select days post-inoculation, and a lowered frequency of viral detection in specific tissues compared with naive animals. In contrast, A(H3N2) preimmunity provided minimal cross-protection against A(H7N9) infection, as weight loss and viral dissemination in tissues were not significantly reduced in A(H3N2) preimmune ferrets relative to naive animals. These findings highlight the variable breadth and magnitude of cross-protection elicited by prior seasonal IAV immunity against zoonotic influenza virus challenges in the ferret model. Seasonal influenza A(H3N2) preimmunity provided differing levels of cross-protection against zoonotic influenza A virus infections in ferrets.

Source: 

Link: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03974-25

____

#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (by AMEDEO, April 25 '26)

 

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