ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract Background Avian influenza, a significant threat to public health , requires monitoring for the development of control strategies. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of avian influenza virus in the external environment of Xinjiang from 2021 to 2023, to enhance understanding of its transmission patterns and provide a scientific basis for public health response measures. Methods A total of 3913 avian-related environmental samples were collected from nine monitoring areas in Xinjiang . Sample types included poultry drinking water, meat cutting boards, cage surfaces, feces, and wastewater. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acid for H5, H7, and H9 subtypes. Data were statistically analyzed using Excel and SPSS, and spatial distribution was visualized through Kriging interpolation using ArcGIS. Results Among the collected samples, 810 tested positive , with an overall positivity rate of 20.70%. The H9 subtype was predominant , accounting for 85.43% ...

Abstract In February 2024, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4b were first reported in dairy cows in the USA. Subsequent multiple outbreaks on dairy farms and sporadic human infections have raised substantial public health concerns . In the same year, four H5N1 HPAIVs of clade 2.3.4.4b were isolated from ducks and geese in live poultry markets (LPMs) spanning seven provinces in China . Evolutionary analysis demonstrated that these viruses had undergone two genetic reassortments with H5 influenza viruses from wild birds in different countries. Except for 565/H5N1, the other three viruses exhibited over 99% genetic homology with avian-origin H5N1 HPAIVs from South Korea and Japan . Notably, 571/H5N1 demonstrated high replication efficiency in bovine-derived cells , particularly in bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells, and caused 16.7% (1/6) mortality in mice at a dose of 10⁵ EID₅₀/50 μL, indicating its zoonotic potential . Given the potential cross...

Abstract Background The prevalence and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the live poultry market (LPM) is a serious public health concern . This study was to investigate the prevalence of different subtypes of avian influenza viruses in environment of LPM, and to analyze the differences and seasonality of the nucleic acid positive rate (NAPR) of A type, H5, H7, and H9 subtypes in feces, sewage, drinking water, breeding cages, and chopping boards . Methods Feces, breeding cages swabs, drinking water, sewage and chopping boards swabs were collected from live poultry market during 2019–2023 from southern and northern China . Real-time PCR was used to screen for virus subtypes. Viruses were isolated, and deep sequencing was performed to obtain whole-genome sequences. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of categorical variable, GraphPad Prism software were used to construct graphs. Results A total of 64,599 environmental samples were collected from live poultry...