Evaluating the effects of #population #mobility on #transmission during the #COVID19 #pandemic

 

Abstract

Changes to community mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic, together with unprecedented availability of surveillance and mobility data, provide a unique opportunity to quantify the effect of mobility on respiratory infection transmission. We present a renewal model that incorporates epidemiological mechanisms influencing SARS-CoV-2 transmission along with a non-mechanistic scaling process. We compare models with and without mobility using epidemic data from 122 countries and quantify the influence of mobility through reductions in non-mechanistic scaling. In several countries, this non-mechanistic process closely tracks mobility trends and varies substantially less when mobility is incorporated. This is especially evident in Western Europe and North America, but not in several countries of West Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Google and Facebook data produce similar findings, and parks is frequently assigned the lowest weight in the multi-location Google analysis. Mobility trends are strongly aligned with short-term transmission dynamics in many high-income settings, although between-country heterogeneity remains.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-78247-9

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Mice immunized with #N1 NA in a single cycle infectious virus or in a recombinant nanoparticle #vaccine are protected against lethal challenge with HPAI #H5N1 influenza

 

Abstract

The recent spillover of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b into dairy cattle and other mammalian species has been concerning. Vaccine candidates that can be rapidly synthesized and implemented are key countermeasures for protecting the human population against emerging pathogens. Here we examine the use of a pH1N1 virus lacking the genetic material for hemagglutinin (HA), limiting the infection to a single cycle (sciIAV) or Cobalt lipid-porphyrin nanoparticles decorated with neuraminidase (NA) of HPAI H5N1 (N1-CoPoP) as vaccine candidates. C57BL/6 mice that were inoculated intranasally with a single dose of pH1N1 sciIAV did not differ in serum NA antibody compared to uninoculated mice. However, mice that were inoculated intramuscularly with the N1-CoPoP alone or in combination with pH1N1 sciIAV had increased N1 IgG antibodies. Upon lethal challenge with HPAIV H5N1, all mice inoculated with either pH1N1 sciIAV or N1-CoPoP were protected from weight loss, unlike unvaccinated mice with substantial body weight losses that succumb to viral infection between 7 and 10 days post infection (dpi). Both pH1N1 sciIAV and N1-CoPoP immunization minimized viral infection such that only one mouse receiving pH1N1 sciIAV had detectable viral titer in the lungs at 4 dpi. By 6 dpi, no mouse inoculated with pH1N1 sciIAV and/or N1-CoPoP had detectable virus in nasal turbinates, lungs or the brain, unlike the high viral titers found in uninoculated mice. Both pH1N1 sciIAV and N1-CoPoP were protective and should be investigated further as alternative vaccine candidates.

Competing Interest Statement

J.F.L. holds interest in POP Biotechnologies. Other authors declare no competing interests.

Funder Information Declared

American Lung Association, https://ror.org/01p3rh655

Texas Biomedical Research Institute

Douglass Foundation

Source: 

Link:  https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125

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#Bundibugyo Virus Disease #Outbreak in #DRC - Weekly #Situation #Report 22, Data as of 11 October 2026 (WHO, summary): 9,066 cases and 4,381 deaths

 

{Summary}

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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Event description

Democratic Republic of the Congo

    The BVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to evolve, expanding both geographically and in terms of the numbers of cases and deaths. 

    The Dakwa Health Zone in Bas-Uélé Province has become the latest  affected health zone, bringing the total number of impacted health zones to 65  across seven provinces since the start of the outbreak. 

    Transmission remains highly heterogeneous across these regions. Since  External Situation Report #21, a total of 463 additional confirmed cases and 233 confirmed deaths have been reported. This increases the cumulative  total to 9066 confirmed cases, including 4381 confirmed deaths [crude case fatality ratio (CFR) 48.3%] as of 11 October 2026.

    Ituri remains the principal focus of the outbreak, though its relative  contribution is declining; it is currently for 73.8% of cumulative confirmed cases. 

    Substantial transmission persist in Nord-Kivu and Haut-Uélé.

    National incidence remains high and fluctuating, with no sustained  downward trajectory evident. Following rapid expansion through July and August,  the epidemic has entered a more heterogeneous phase characterized by repeated declines and rebounds. This pattern reflects asynchronous transmission  across provinces and health zones; declining activity in established Ituri hotspots  is being offset by persistent or renewed activity elsewhere, particularly in  NordKivu, while sporadic detections continue to extend the geographic footprint. 

    The overall trend suggest a shifting and geographically fragmented  epidemic than sustained contraction.(Figure 1)

Figure 1. Daily national trend in confirmed Bundibugyo virus disease cases, with  seven-day moving average, by date of report, Democratic Republic of the Congo,  as of 11 October 2026

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Trend Analysis (21-day comparison): 

    During the most recent 21- days period (21 September – 11 October  2026), a total of 1333 confirmed cases were reported nationally, compared  with 1633 cases during the preceding 21 days (31 August–20 September). 

    This represents a decrease of 300 cases (−18.4%). Cases declined across  the three principal transmission provinces: Ituri: Decreased from 931 to 748  (−19.7%) accounting for 56.1% of national cases in the latest period.

        • Nord-Kivu: Decreased from 589 to 486 (−17.5%)accounting for 36.5% of  national cases

        • Haut-Uélé: Decreased from 89 to 72 (−19.1%)

    Despite the overall 21-day decline, daily incidence continues to fluctuate, with repeated rebounds, particularly in Ituri and Nord-Kivu.  

    Consequently, these reductions should be interpreted cautiously and do  not yet indicate a sustained contraction of the epidemic (Figure 2).

(...)

    During the same period, 649 confirmed deaths were reported nationally, compared with 782 deaths during the preceding 21 days, representing a decrease of 133 deaths (−17%). 

    Deaths declined from 448 to 377 (−15.8%) in Ituri and from 296 to 230  (−22.3%) in Nord-Kivu. 

    In contrast, deaths increased from 31 to 34 (+9.7%) in Haut-Uélé and  from five to eight (+60.0%) in Tshopo. 

    Consequently, Ituri accounted for 58.1% of deaths during the latest  period and Nord-Kivu for 35.4%, compared with 57.3% and 37.9%, respectively,  during the preceding period. However, as with cases, the overall 21-day decline  masks continued fluctuations in mortality and should be interpreted cautiously, as  it does not yet indicate a sustained downward trajectory (Figure 3).

(...)

    Transmission remained active in more than three-quarters of all health  zones affected since the start of the outbreak.

    Of the 65 health zones affected to date, 50 reported at least one new  confirmed case in the last 21 days. Case incidence increased in 23 health zones  (Figure 4), decreased in 26 and remained unchanged in one, highlighting  substantial heterogeneity in local transmission. The most pronounced increase  occurred in Mandima, Ituri (23 to 199 cases; +765.2%), while substantial  increases were also observed in Mambasa and several health zones in Nord-Kivu, particularly Beni, Mabalako and Oicha.

(...)

    Declines were widespread across Ituri and Nord-Kivu, including several  major transmission hotspots such as Bunia, Katwa, Mangala, Mongbwalu and  Komanda, while particularly marked reductions were observed in Tchomia  (−94.4%) and Isiro (−83.3%).

    The number of health zones with no reported confirmed cases during  the latest 21-day period decreased from 18 to 15.

    These include Ariwara, Aungba, Boga, Damas, Drodro, Kambala and Mahagi  in Ituri; Goma in Nord-Kivu; Dungu and Gombari in Haut-Uélé; Bafwasende,  Lubunga and Wanie-Rukula in Tshopo; Miti-Murhesa in Sud-Kivu; and Buta in  BasUélé.

(...)

    Weekly confirmed deaths ( Figure 5) increased for the second consecutive  week, from 192 during 21 – 27 September to 224 during 28  September – 4 October and 233 during 5 – 11 October. In the latest week, deaths  increased by 4.0%, with community deaths rising from 150 to 157  (+4.7%) and deaths in treatment facilities from 74 to 76 (+2.7%). 

    Community deaths continued to account for approximately two-thirds of all  confirmed deaths, increasing slightly from 67.0% to 67.4%. The sustained  increase in deaths over the past two weeks, particularly the persistently high  proportion occurring in the community, remains a key concern.

(...)

Kenya

    As of 12 October 2026, no new confirmed BVD cases or deaths have been  reported in Kenya since the detection of the imported case, and the  cumulative total remains one confirmed case with one death (CFR 100%).

    The imported case was a 40-year-old Kenyan male who travelled from the  Democratic Republic of the Congo through Uganda before arriving in Nairobi  on 3 October 2026. He presented for care and was isolated on the day of arrival, with laboratory testing confirming Bundibugyo virus infection. He died on 5  October and received a safe and dignified burial on 6 October 2026.

    Contact tracing and monitoring remain ongoing, with 128 contacts  currently listed, comprising 26 passengers, four flight crew, 43  Jomo Kenyatta International Airport staff, 10 relatives and 45 healthcare  workers. 

    Of these, 108 (84.4%) are in quarantine and were successfully followed up,  while 20 remain outside quarantine. The latter group includes seven passengers  who have not yet been located, seven newly identified healthcare workers and  one immigration officer who remains unreachable. 

    

    The remaining five contacts are passengers who had onward travels their  respective destination countries have been notified.

    A total of 289 alerts have so far been investigated, generating 293  laboratory tests, with all 292 results other than the index case testing negative. 

(...)

Situation interpretation

    The fluctuating national trajectory reflects uneven interruption of  transmission across a complex, geographically dispersed and increasingly cross-border outbreak. 

    Although response capacity has expanded substantially, persistent gaps  in early detection, contact follow-up, timely isolation and referral, together with  population mobility, insecurity and variable access to affected communities,  continue to allow transmission chains to persist or re-emerge. 

    The imported case detected in Kenya, following travel from the DRC  through Uganda, underscores the risk of further international spread, although no  secondary transmission has been detected in Kenya to date. 

    Bringing the outbreak under control will require rapid interruption of remaining transmission chains through earlier case detection and isolation,  ≥95% contact follow-up, investigation of community deaths, strengthened IPC  and safe burials, intensified surveillance in emerging hotspots, and rapid  management of unlinked cases, alongside strengthened cross-border surveillance,  information sharing and coordinated contact tracing. 

    Without consistent implementation of these measures across all affected  and at-risk areas, localized gains are likely to continue being offset by renewed  transmission and further geographic spread.

Source: 

Link: https://www.afro.who.int/countries/kenya/publication/ebola-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-democratic-republic-congo-weekly-external-situation-report

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#China (People's Rep. of) - #Influenza A #H5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

{Extract}

(...)

An unspecified wild species bird in the Xizang Autonomous Province.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7854

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#Serbia - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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By caroline legg - This image has been extracted from another file, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=151715256

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{Extract}

(...)

A wild Eurasian buzzard (common buzzard) in the Južno-Banatski Region.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7899

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Cross-reactive T-cell responses against #BDBV in #humans after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP #vaccination

 

{Excerpts}

(...)

Our study shows that a single immunisation with the available, licensed EBOV vaccine induces T-cell cross-reactivity against BDBV and to a lesser extent against SUDV. Although it is not known whether these T cells contribute to improved clinical outcomes upon BDBV exposure in humans, preclinical studies show that T-cell responses are required for vaccine-mediated protection in non-human primates: CD4 T cell help to B cells is required for protection against disease caused by EBOV,10 and depletion studies have also shown a protective role of CD8 T cells.11

Our study has limitations. Due to the small sample size and single measured timepoint, dose–response differences and long-term persistence of the cross-reactive T-cell response could not be assessed. This study was performed in healthy adults in Germany, thus representativeness of populations in areas affected by the BDBV outbreak is limited.

Although a correlate of protection against disease caused by BDBV has not been defined, our findings provide first evidence that rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination against EBOV induces BDBV-cross-reactive T-cell responses. In the absence of a BDBV-specific vaccine, these data support the systematic evaluation of the available EBOV vaccine within clinical trials during the current outbreak.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(26)00529-3

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Strong #Protein #Responses to Acute #Infection Control General Post-Viral #Sequelae and #SARS-CoV-2-specific #Neurocognitive Sequelae

 

Abstract

After serious infections, many survivors fully recover while others face persistent symptoms including neurocognitive dysfunction, cardiopulmonary instabilities and disabling fatigue, classified broadly as Post-Acute Infection Syndromes (PAIS). Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID19 (PASC) is one special case. To test whether acute infection initiates PAIS, we analyzed proteins in 173 saliva samples collected during severe respiratory viral infections and tracked patient outcomes for five years. We discovered 44 proteins, all derived from interferon stimulated genes, that respond strongly to acute infection. Rates of post-acute syndromes were similar regardless of infection, but the types of Sequelae differed by virus. High expression of 19 proteins predict low General Sequelae rates across all viruses. High expression of 23 overlapping proteins predict low Neurocognitive Sequelae rates only with SARS-CoV-2 infections. We propose that low expressions of these proteins, which control viral replication, innate immunity, and secondary autoimmunity, combine to precipitate PAIS and PASC.

Competing Interest Statement

Theodore G. Liou, Judy L Jensen and Kristyn A Packer received research funding from Anagram, Aridis, BioMX, Calithera, Clarametyx, Judy L Jensen and Kristyn A Packer received research funding from Anagram, Aridis, BioMX, Calithera, Clarametyx, Gilead, Insmed, Laurent, Novartis, Sionna, SpliSense, the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Therapeutic Development Network and Vertex for performance of clinical studies during the study and manuscript preparation period. Theodore Liou is a member and Rhonda Szczesniak is vice-chair of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Clinical Research Committee. Theodore Liou and Frederick Adler, through the University of Utah, are named as inventors on the following patent applications related to the proteins identified in this manuscript: (1) a provisional patent application titled "DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENTS FOR ACUTE AND POST-VIRAL DISEASE BASED ON INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES TO SARS-COV-2 INFECTION," serial number 63/792,687, filed 4/22/2025; (2) a provisional patent application titled "ADDITIONAL INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES WITH DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT POTENTIAL FOR POST-ACUTE SEQUELAE OF COVID19 SYNDROME AND FOR POST-ACUTE INFECTION SYNDROME," serial number 63/979,883, filed 2/10/2026; (3) a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application titled "METHODS FOR PREDICTING POST-ACUTE SEQUELAE OF VIRAL INFECTIONS USING INTERFERON STIMULATED GENE PROTEINS," serial number PCT/US2026/024520, filed 4/21/2026, which incorporates subject matter from (1) and (2); and (4) a provisional patent application titled "ADDITIONAL ACUTELY EXPRESSED PROTEINS PROTECTIVE AGAINST NEUROCOGNITIVE AND GENERAL POST-VIRAL SEQUELAE," serial number 64/102,461, filed 6/30/42026. The applicant on all applications is the University of Utah.

Source: 

Link: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.27.26361488v2

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#Australia, #H5 avian #influenza events in #wildlife (Dept. of Agriculture, Oct. 14 '26)

 

{Extracts}

(...)

Event data

    ° 706 Positive events

    ° 62,742 Hotline reports

    As of 4pm AEST, 13 October 2026, Australia has 706 confirmed events of H5 bird flu in wildlife.

        § 10 in Western Australia (WA)

        § 330 in South Australia (SA)

        § 70 in New South Wales (NSW)

        § 2 in Queensland (QLD)

        § 243 in Victoria (VIC)

        § 50 in Tasmania (TAS)

        § 1 in Other Territories*

{*} Jervis Bay Territory (Commonwealth jurisdiction)

    As H5 bird flu is confirmed in more locations and species in Australia it will not be necessary to continue testing all species in known areas of transmission, or to test every animal involved in an investigation. 

    Reporting will be targeted to provide a clear picture of the national H5 bird flu situation in wildlife in Australia and key developments.

Data disclaimer

    Data reflects information provided by state and territory governments to the Australian Government as at 17:00 AEST daily. The Australian Government publishes this information for national reporting purposes. Responsibility for the accuracy, completeness and currency of the data remains with the relevant state or territory government. Due to differences in reporting timing, information on the national dashboard may differ from information published on state or territory government websites.

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/campaigns/birdflu/latest-data#h1_bird_flu

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Serologic #Testing for #MERS #Coronavirus and #SARS-CoV-2 Cross-Reactive Immune Responses, the #Netherlands

 

Abstract

Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies could compromise the specificity of MERS-CoV serology, potentially leading to misclassification of infection history. SARS-CoV-2 exposure induced MERS-CoV antibodies primarily targeting the conserved S2 domain, with occasional neutralizing capacity. Combining MERS-CoV S1 binding with neutralization, however, limited the influence of SARS-CoV-2–induced cross-reactivity on MERS-CoV serology.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.260690

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#Global Genomic #Surveillance of #MERS #Coronavirus

 

Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a persistent zoonotic and epidemic threat. We analyzed 807 publicly available human- and camel-derived MERS-CoV genomes collected during 2012–2024 to assess global genomic surveillance. Most sequences originated from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Major gaps in surveillance persist across Africa and South and Central Asia despite large camel populations, active trade, and evidence of viral circulation. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed predominance of clade B in the Arabian Peninsula and clade C in East Africa, consistent with regional patterns. We identified uneven sampling, incomplete metadata, and long delays between sample collection and public sequence submission, often spanning years. Those limitations reduce the value of genomic data for timely situational awareness. Integrating genomic with population and trade data supports timelier, more representative, and coordinated One Health surveillance for MERS-CoV but reveals major blind spots.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.260668

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#Evidence of Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza #H5 Viruses in East #Greenland Polar #Bears

 

Abstract

We detected influenza A virus antibodies in plasma collected from East Greenland polar bears during subsistence hunts in 2024 (3/14 [21%]) and 2025 (6/14 [43%]). Four bears from 2025 had antibodies for the globally emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, consistent with survival after exposure.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261050

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Subacute Sclerosing #Panencephalitis after #Measles #Outbreaks, the #Philippines, 2007–2022

 

Abstract

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a delayed, almost uniformly fatal complication of measles. The Philippines had measles outbreaks in 2010–2011, 2013, and 2018–2019; the last was the largest in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Published SSPE data from the Philippines end in 2015. We reviewed all 20 children admitted with SSPE to a tertiary pediatric hospital in Quezon City during 2007–2022 and estimated year of measles infection. Median patient age was 6.2 years at hospital admission and 0.7 years at reported measles illness. Five (25.0%) of 20 admissions occurred in 2022, and estimated infection dates placed 4 patients within the 2018–2019 outbreak; all were admitted during 2020–2022. Given the multiyear latency of SSPE, additional cases might emerge over coming years. Reported measles history could not be established in one quarter of patients. Strengthened measles surveillance and sustained 2-dose vaccination coverage are needed.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261395

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Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a 9-valent vaccine (ExPEC9V) for #prevention of invasive #Escherichia coli disease in older #adults: a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (E.mbrace)

 

Summary

Background

Invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can lead to bacteraemia and sepsis. ExPEC9V is a conjugate vaccine targeting nine E coli O-serotypes that account for most E coli bloodstream infections. We aimed to evaluate ExPEC9V for safety, immunogenicity, and prevention of IED caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes in adults aged 60 years and older.

Methods

In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study conducted at 332 clinical sites in 20 countries (E.mbrace), we enrolled participants aged 60 years and older in stable health and with a history of urinary tract infection (UTI) within the previous 2 years. Participants were randomly assigned (in blocks of no set size with the use of interactive web response system, stratified by age and presence or absence of risk factors for complicated UTI) 1:1 to receive a single dose of intramuscular ExPEC9V or placebo. Participants, study-site personnel, and investigators remained masked to group allocation throughout the study. The primary endpoint was first IED in blood or sterile sites caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes in the per-protocol efficacy analysis set (all randomly assigned, vaccinated participants without major protocol deviations); secondary endpoints included immunogenicity assessment in a subset of participants. Safety endpoints included solicited (safety subset), unsolicited (full analysis set), and serious (full analysis set) adverse events. A prespecified futility analysis conducted when at least 40% of the expected 53 IED events had occurred indicated lack of efficacy, leading to early study termination. We present final study results (data up to the date of the futility announcement), when 17 701 of the planned 19 800 participants had been vaccinated. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04899336).

Findings

Participants were enrolled between June 30, 2021, and Feb 13, 2025. Of 18 844 individuals assessed for eligibility, 17 701 were enrolled, randomly assigned, and vaccinated (8858 with ExPEC9V and 8843 with placebo). The per-protocol efficacy included 17 637 participants (8822 for ExPEC9V and 8815 for placebo). There were 24 IED cases (11 in vaccine and 13 in placebo groups) caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes in blood or sterile sites, yielding a vaccine efficacy of 14·63% (95% CI −106·57 to 65·38), indicating no protective effect. ExPEC9V had an acceptable safety profile, with more frequent low-grade adverse events in the ExPEC9V versus placebo group, balanced serious adverse event distribution among both groups, and no vaccine-related deaths.

Interpretation

In this large phase 3 trial of older adults, ExPEC9V did not demonstrate efficacy in preventing first IED caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes, despite generating robust and sustained antibody responses. Development of the ExPEC9V vaccine has been discontinued.

Funding

Johnson & Johnson and Sanofi.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(26)00469-X

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#Taiwan, Seasonal #Influenza and #COVID19 #Epidemics - Weekly Surveillance #Report (CDC, Oct. 13 '26): #H1N1pdm09 flu virus and #SARS-CoV-2 PQ.16.1.1 predominated

 

{Excerpts}

(...)

    According to CDC monitoring data, the domestic influenza epidemic is slowing down but is still in its epidemic period. 

    In week 40 (October 4-10), there were 128,847 outpatient and emergency room visits for influenza-like illnesses, a decrease of 8.9% from the previous week. 

    Last week (October 6-12), there were 144 new cases of severe influenza complications (132 H1N1, 10 untyped A, and 2 B) and 46 deaths (all H1N1). 

    Laboratory surveillance data shows that the influenza virus currently circulating in the community is predominantly type A, with type A H1N1 accounting for 91.8%. 

    This influenza season (115-116) saw a total of 149 severe cases (139 H1N1, 9 untyped A, and 1 type B) and 15 deaths (all H1N1). 

    The previous influenza season (114-115) saw a total of 1,887 severe cases (1,259 H1N1, 511 H3N2, 25 untyped A, and 92 type B) and 409 deaths (278 H1N1, 107 H3N2, 12 untyped A, and 12 type B). 

    Among the severe cases, the majority were elderly people over 65 years old (66.3%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.6%). 67.1% of the patients had not received the seasonal influenza vaccine. 

    The domestic COVID-19 epidemic is declining. 

    In the 40th week (October 4-10), there were 5,261 outpatient and emergency room visits for COVID-19, a 35.2% decrease compared to the previous week (September 27-October 3). 

    Last week (October 6-12), there were 21 new severe cases and 15 deaths. 

    This quarter (October 1, 2026-September 30, 2027) has seen a cumulative total of 31 severe cases, including 5 deaths. 

    In the previous quarter (October 1, 2025-September 30, 2026), there were a cumulative total of 783 cases of COVID-19 complicated by severe illness, including 173 deaths. 

    The majority of severe cases were among the elderly aged 65 and above (73.7%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.0%). 83.8% of them had not received the COVID-19 vaccine this season. 

    In the past four weeks, the most common local variants have been PQ.16.1.1 and NB.1.8.1.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/qCnfUYmbvj-LcuzLkB2GZg?typeid=9

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#Peru - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (Inf. with) ( #poultry ) - Immediate notification

 

{Extracts}

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{Piura Region. Laying hen farm with a total flock of 5,800 birds}

    ° The National Agricultural Health Service (SENASA) within the framework of its epidemiological surveillance responds to reports of suspected animal diseases. 

    ° It has identified an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry (laying hens), which exhibited respiratory and neurological signs. 

    ° Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, prompting the immediate implementation of quarantine measures and an epidemiological investigation. 

    ° All birds were culled, and the epidemiological unit was cleaned and disinfected; in addition, surveillance around the outbreak was conducted to detect possible cases.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7894

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#Australia, #H5 avian #influenza events in #wildlife (Dept. of Health, Oct. 13 '26)

 

{Extracts}

(...)

Event data

    ° 705 Positive events

    ° 62,291 Hotline reports

    As of 4pm AEST, 12 October 2026, Australia has 705 confirmed events of H5 bird flu in wildlife.

        § 10 in Western Australia (WA)

        § 330 in South Australia (SA)

        § 70 in New South Wales (NSW)

        § 2 in Queensland (QLD)

        § 242 in Victoria (VIC)

        § 50 in Tasmania (TAS)

        § 1 in Other Territories*

{*} Jervis Bay Territory (Commonwealth jurisdiction)

    As H5 bird flu is confirmed in more locations and species in Australia it will not be necessary to continue testing all species in known areas of transmission, or to test every animal involved in an investigation. 

    Reporting will be targeted to provide a clear picture of the national H5 bird flu situation in wildlife in Australia and key developments.

Data disclaimer

    Data reflects information provided by state and territory governments to the Australian Government as at 17:00 AEST daily. The Australian Government publishes this information for national reporting purposes. Responsibility for the accuracy, completeness and currency of the data remains with the relevant state or territory government. Due to differences in reporting timing, information on the national dashboard may differ from information published on state or territory government websites.

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/campaigns/birdflu/latest-data#h1_bird_flu

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#HK CHP closely monitors case of #pneumonia of undetermined etiology that resulted in death in #Russia (Dept. of Health, Oct. 12 '26)

 

    Regarding the death of a laboratory worker in Irkutsk Oblast of Siberia, Russia, due to severe pneumonia of undetermined etiology, the Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) said today (October 12) that, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)'s latest announcement, information obtained from the Russian authorities indicated that no evidence of ongoing transmission associated with the event had been identified. 

    Nevertheless, for the sake of prudence, the CHP has implemented a series of control and prevention measures. 

    The CHP will continue to closely monitor the latest developments, respond swiftly, and strictly guard against imported cases in order to safeguard public health.

      After noticing media reports of the above-mentioned death case in Russia in early October, the CHP immediately and proactively sought further information from the WHO and the Russian health authorities. 

    According to the latest information from the WHO, citing data provided by Russian authorities, no case of plague had been recorded recently in Irkutsk Oblast, the laboratory testing of the deceased's contacts detected no high-threat pathogens, and that there were no further cases of severe pneumonia linked to this case. 

    The Russian authorities reported that no biosecurity incidents had occurred in the laboratory, and quarantine measures were instituted in the hospital where the patient was being treated. 

    According to the WHO's assessment, no evidence of ongoing transmission associated with this event has been identified so far. 

    Nevertheless, a key uncertainty remains the absence of a confirmed diagnosis in the deceased laboratory worker. 

    The WHO will continue to monitor the situation and assess any potential public health implications as further information becomes available.

      In recent months, the CHP has not received any reports of residents or travellers arriving in Hong Kong from Russia with cases of pneumonia of undetermined etiology. 

    Based on current information, there is no evidence indicating ongoing transmission. 

    The CHP assesses that the immediate public health impact to Hong Kong is low. 

    For the sake of prudence, the CHP has implemented a series of control and prevention measures to guard against imported cases, including:

          (i) strengthening health surveillance for passengers arriving on relevant flights from Russia at the airport, including arranging for Port Health Division officers to conduct temperature checks at the relevant flight gates, and conducting health assessments for passengers exhibiting symptoms;

          (ii) displaying signages and broadcasting announcements in the airport arrival area and through airlines to urge passengers who have visited Irkutsk Oblast of Siberia, Russia, within the past 14 days to proactively declare their travel history to the on-site staff of the DH for further health assessment;

          (iii) if an inbound traveller exhibits symptoms of pneumonia, after assessment by Port Health Division officers, arrangements will be made immediately to transfer the individual to a public hospital for further testing; and

          (iv) providing the Airport Authority Hong Kong and airlines with the latest information regarding the case in Russia, and urging airlines to remind their flight crews to strictly enforce established prevention and control measures if they identify suspected cases on their flights.

      Through existing mechanisms, Hong Kong has the capacity to detect cases of unexplained infections and emerging infectious diseases at boundary control points and in hospitals.

      In addition, the CHP will send letters to all doctors and hospitals in Hong Kong, reminding them to remain highly vigilant and to strengthen surveillance. Any patient who has visited Irkutsk Oblast of Siberia, Russia, within 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms and has developed pneumonia of undetermined etiology must immediately report to the CHP so that further testing can be arranged.

     　The CHP reminds travellers that if they develop respiratory symptoms after returning to Hong Kong, they should wear a face mask, seek medical attention and report their travel history to a doctor. The CHP will continue to maintain close liaison with the WHO and other relevant health authorities, closely monitor developments, and adjust disease prevention strategies as necessary to safeguard public health.

 

Ends/Monday, October 12, 2026 | Issued at HKT 16:25

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Source: 

Link: https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202610/12/P2026101200466.htm?fontSize=1

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#Human #Infection with Avian #Influenza #H7N7 Virus, #Taiwan, 2026

 

Abstract

Low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N7) virus detected in a poultry worker in Taiwan, 2026 was related to viruses circulating in Asian wild birds and possessed PB2 E627K, a mammalian adaptation marker. Enhanced surveillance for H7 viruses in poultry and rapid characterization of human cases are essential to assess pandemic potential.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.09.26365013

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The transition to #postpartum #lactation establishes a state of maternal #antiviral #resilience

 

Abstract

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes severe disease during late pregnancy, yet how maternal adaptations in host defense shape susceptibility following childbirth remains unknown. Here, we show that the postpartum period represents a state of enhanced maternal antiviral immunity. Across postpartum stages, dams infected before weaning exhibited increased survival and reduced disease following lethal IAV challenge compared with nonpregnant females. Postpartum protection was associated with enhanced viral clearance and increased pulmonary antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and IL-17A-producing gamma-delta T cells. We identify the transition into lactation as a critical determinant of this protection. Protection extended to highly pathogenic avian influenza. Together, these findings reveal that maternal antiviral immunity remains actively shaped after childbirth, establishing the postpartum lactational period as a distinct state of maternal antiviral resilience.

Competing Interest Statement

KK and PS are co-inventors on a patent relating to this work. KK and PS are co-founders of Coralie Bio, Inc. that may benefit financially from the work described in this article.

Funder Information Declared

National Institutes of Health, https://ror.org/01cwqze88, 1R01HD120540, 1F31AI191458

David and Lucile Packard Foundation, https://ror.org/032atxq54, Packard Fellowships for Science and Engineering

U.S. National Science Foundation, https://ror.org/021nxhr62, Graduate Research Fellowship Program

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, https://ror.org/006w34k90, Gilliam Fellowship Program

Blavatnik Family Foundation, Blavatnik Biomedical Accelerator at Harvard University

Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756285

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The Beach at Palavas, Gustave Courbet (1854)

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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Public Domain.

Source: 

Link: https://www.wikiart.org/en/gustave-courbet/the-beach-at-palavas-1854

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