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By Stefan Puscasu - http://cfr.stfp.net/?class=95&veh=10&all=Y&ppr=5, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8459518
Source:
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Saturday, May 30, 2026
History of Mass Transportation: The Romanian Railways Class 95 Diesel Mechanical Shunter
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Outbreak at #Sea: The MV Hondius #Hantavirus #Cluster as a Sentinel for Global #Pandemic Readiness
{Summary}
The South Atlantic promises crystalline isolation. But the Dutch-flagged MV Hondius—an expedition vessel carrying 147 passengers and crew from 23 nations—harbored something else entirely between the Southern Cone and Antarctica [1, 2]. An invisible passenger. Epidemiologists trace this outbreak directly to dry land, theorizing the index case inhaled aerosolized rodent excreta during a Southern Cone bird-watching excursion [1].
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Source:
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Sex differences in #vaccine-induced #neuraminidase cross-recognition and #protection against #H5N1 in mice
Abstract
Despite concerns about the spread and pandemic potential of H5N1, there is no commercial H5N1 vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines offer some cross-protection against H5N1, but to date there has been no consideration of whether protection differs between the sexes. We investigated immune responses and protection in adult male and female C57BL/6 mice following vaccination with either inactivated H1N1 or H5N1 (LAIV backbone) virus vaccines. Vaccination induced strong homologous antibody responses, with females generating greater total IgG than males against both H1N1 and H5N1 vaccine, which was primarily mediated by greater IgG responses to neuraminidase (NA) than hemagglutinin (HA) protein. IgG cross-recognition of H1N1 also was greater among H5N1 vaccinated females and was primarily caused by greater IgG responses to N1. IgG2b and IgG2c were the primary isotypes generated in response to these vaccines, with females having greater IgG2b responses and greater binding to FcγRIV for avian and human NA than males in response to both homologous and heterologous vaccination. Antibody-dependent complement deposition was measured as an FcR-mediated non-neutralizing response against HA and NA and was robust in both sexes. Vaccinated females had greater neutralizing antibody titers than males against the homologous vaccine virus, with limited cross-neutralizing antibodies detected in either sexes. Neuraminidase inhibition titers were greater in vaccinated females than males against the heterologous virus following H1N1 vaccination and against both the vaccine and heterologous viruses following H5N1 vaccination. When H1N1 and H5N1 vaccinated mice were challenged with a lethal dose of A/Texas/37/2024 H5N1, all H5N1 vaccinated mice were protected, regardless of sex. Among H1N1 vaccinated mice, while both sexes were protected against disease, H1N1 vaccinated females cleared virus faster than their male counterparts. These findings highlight that female-biased NA-specific antibodies result in greater cross-protection and should be considered in studies of influenza vaccines.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Funder Information Declared
NIH/NIAID Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response, 75N93021C00045
Source:
Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.26.728011v1
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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Author Correction: Attenuated fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
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Human haematopoietic stem cells remember inflammatory stress.
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Case 346: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Encephalitis.
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Antiviral Res
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, May 30 '26)
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A causal link between autoantibodies and neurological symptoms in long COVID.
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Autoantibodies in long COVID: A mechanistic foothold in a heterogeneous disease.
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Affinity-matured B cell responses neutralizing type-I interferons underlie severe viral infections.
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Post-pandemic immunity debt for paediatric infectious diseases in Japan between 2014 and 2024.
Epidemiol Infect. 2026;154:e67.
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A multiplexed, systems-based approach for prediction of antibody neutralization breadth for soluble human receptors.
J Immunol. 2026;215:vkag106.
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Real-world effectiveness of influenza vaccination amongst children aged under 5 in a tropical setting.
J Infect. 2026 May 26:106771. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106771.
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A phase I, needle free, dose escalation clinical trial of pEVAC-PS, a candidate pan-Sarbecovirus Vaccine.
J Infect. 2026 May 18:106759. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106759.
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Effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Patients With Cancer: Evidence From a Nationwide Target Trial Emulation.
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J Virol. 2026 May 27:e0031726. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00317.
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Artificial intelligence-assisted technology to reduce turnaround time for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases.
J Virol Methods. 2026;344:115392.
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Redundant and distinct mechanisms suppress innate immune activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
PLoS Biol. 2026;24:e3003808.
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Characterization of the VHH-Fc construct rimteravimab in healthy adults and patients hospitalized for mild-to-moderate COVID-19: Two Phase 1 randomized clinical trials.
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Trends in pulmonary exercise testing utilization after the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario: A population-cohort study.
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Bayesian uncertainty quantification to identify population level vaccine hesitancy behaviours.
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Innate immunogenetic synergy between KIR and Neanderthal-derived OAS variants predicts COVID-19 outcomes.
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Exploring the perceived impact of physical activity on physical and mental health among individuals with long COVID: A qualitative interview inquiry.
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Lung ultrasonography to assess efficacy of intranasal and parenteral vaccinations for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in dairy calves.
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PubMed Abstract available - AGYEI G, El-Duah P, Dumevi RM, Muzeniek T, et al
Serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in urban and rural Ghana: Antibody waning and implications for long-term population immunity.
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COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and substance use behaviors among people with HIV - a mixed method analysis.
PLoS One. 2026;21:e0349567.
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Evidence mapping of preference elicitation for non-pharmaceutical interventions targeting respiratory viral transmission: A scoping review protocol.
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Predicting severe COVID-19 disease in adults: A single-centre cohort study during the first three pandemic waves in 2020-2021 in Vilnius, Lithuania.
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A scalable variational method for estimating the latent infection-rate field of an outbreak.
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Crisis leadership and strategic decisions in Swedish maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A deductive analysis from the COPE staff project.
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A high-resolution, US-scale digital similar of interacting livestock, wild birds, and human ecosystems for multihost epidemic spread.
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TLR7 ligand-cyclodextrin conjugate is a promising adjuvant for intranasal influenza vaccine.
Vaccine. 2026;86:128762.
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Drivers of and implementation strategies for influenza vaccination for cardiovascular populations in China: a scoping review.
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Conjugate vaccine technology enhances responses to influenza virus.
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PubMed Abstract available - KUSEMERERWA S, Ankunda V, Ongaria TA, Abaasa A, et al
COVID-19 vaccination status and associated factors among patients presenting with COVID-19-like symptoms in Uganda.
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PubMed Abstract available - SIKUVI K, Nghitukwa N, Kakehongo N, Katjitae I, et al
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PubMed Abstract available
Cell
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Friday, May 29, 2026
#Ebola disease caused by #Bundibugyo virus, #DRC & #Uganda (WHO D.O.N., May 29 '26)
Situation at a glance
The Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda continues to evolve rapidly, with increasing case numbers, geographic spread, and ongoing cross-border transmission.
As of 27 May, a total of 906 suspected cases and 223 deaths among suspected cases have been reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
As of 29 May, a total of 134 confirmed cases, including nine in Uganda, with 18 deaths among the confirmed cases, have been reported across both countries.
This is an additional 49 confirmed cases, eight confirmed deaths, 160 suspected cases and 47 suspected deaths since the last update on 21 May.
In addition, there is one confirmed case, an individual from the United States of America, who had treated patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is currently receiving care in Germany.
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, transmission is concentrated in Ituri, as well as North Kivu and South Kivu provinces, with challenges in contact tracing and follow-up, insecurity, inadequate isolation, care, and referral systems for patients complicating response efforts.
National authorities, in collaboration with WHO and partners, are implementing response measures including deployment of rapid response teams, delivery of medical supplies, strengthened surveillance, laboratory confirmation, infection prevention and control, the set-up of safe and optimized treatment centers, and community engagement.
Description of the situation
Since the last Disease Outbreak News was published on 21 May 2026, the number of suspected and confirmed cases has increased rapidly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
In total, 906 suspected cases, including 223 deaths among suspected cases have been reported from Democratic Republic of the Congo; and 134 confirmed cases (nine in Uganda), including 18 deaths (one in Uganda) (CFR 14%) have been reported from the two countries as of 29 May.
Additionally, a medical doctor from the United States of America who was exposed as part of their work caring for patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo tested positive on 17 May and was transported to Germany for treatment and care.
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
Since the last update dated 21 May, an additional 42 confirmed cases including eight deaths and 160 suspected cases including 47 deaths have been reported from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
As of 27 May 2026, a total of 125 confirmed cases including 17 deaths (CFR 14%); and 906 suspected cases including 223 deaths have been reported from 13 health zones (HZ) in Ituri (7/36 HZ), North Kivu (5/35 HZ) and South Kivu Provinces (1/34 HZ) [1].
Sixteen confirmed cases have been reported among health and care workers to date.
Epidemiological and laboratory investigations are ongoing to reclassify all suspected cases and deaths reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The outbreak remains concentrated in Ituri Province, which accounts for 88% (110) of confirmed cases.
The highest confirmed case numbers in Ituri Province are reported from Bunia (37 cases), Rwampara (33 cases), Mongbwalu (20 cases), and Nyankunde (10 cases) HZ.
Of the 17 deaths among confirmed cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10 were male (nine were over 15 years old and one under 15) and seven were female (five over 15 years old and two under 15).
A total of 774 samples have been collected as of 27 May. Of these, 648 samples (84%) have been analyzed, with 125 testing positive, representing a test positivity rate (TPR) of 19.2%. This is likely an underestimation of the actual positivity rate as over 100 samples are still awaiting testing and have been sent to Kinshasa for further analysis.
As of 27 May, 2635 contacts have been listed in Ituri and North Kivu provinces.
Security incidents against health facilities, and community resistance, have recently emerged as major operational challenges in Ituri Province, with three recent incidents reported in Mongbwalu and Rwampara HZ. These create additional risks for undetected transmission, disrupt outbreak response efforts, and reinforce the need to strengthen community protection and engagement activities
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Uganda
Since the last update dated 21 May, an additional seven confirmed cases have been reported from Uganda.
As of 29 May 2026, a total of nine confirmed cases including one death have been reported in Kampala (n=8) and Wakiso (n=1), Uganda.
Recent cases include a Ugandan driver who transported the first reported case, a Congolese health worker with linkage to the index case, a Congolese woman who travelled to Uganda for medical care, and two Ugandan health workers linked to earlier confirmed case.
As of 26 May, a total of 436 contacts linked to the cases have been identified and are under follow-up. These include close household contacts and hospital contacts where the cases were hospitalized.
Exposure risks are associated with healthcare settings and cross-border movements.
(...)
Epidemiology
Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) is a severe and often fatal form of Ebola disease caused by the Bundibugyo virus, one of the Orthoebolavirus species.
It is a zoonotic disease, with fruit bats suspected to be the natural reservoir.
Human infection is thought to occur through close contact with the blood or secretions of infected wildlife, such as bats or non-human primates, and it subsequently spreads from person to person through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected individuals or contaminated surfaces or items.
Transmission is particularly amplified in health-care settings when infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are inadequate, and during unsafe burial practices involving direct contact with the deceased.
The incubation period for BVD ranges from 2 to 21 days, and individuals are not infectious until symptom onset.
Early symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and sore throat, are non-specific, which complicates clinical diagnosis and can delay detection. These symptoms then progress to gastrointestinal symptoms, organ dysfunction, and in some cases haemorrhagic manifestations. Case fatality rates in the past two BVD outbreaks, reported in Uganda and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2007 and 2012, have ranged from approximately 30% to 50%.
Differentiating BVD from other endemic febrile illnesses such as malaria is challenging without laboratory confirmation using PCR or antigen/antibody-based assays.
Control relies on rapid case identification, isolation and care, contact tracing, safe burials, and strong community engagement, as no approved vaccines or specific treatments currently exist for BVD.
Public health response
Health authorities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, in collaboration with WHO and partners, are implementing comprehensive public health measures. WHO Director-General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, traveled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 28 May to support the ongoing response.
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WHO risk assessment
On 22 May 2026, WHO assessed the risk of the outbreak of BVD to be very high at the national level in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, high at the regional level, and low at the global level.
The risk assessment will be continuously reassessed in the coming days based on available and shared information.
(...)
WHO advice
On 19 May 2026, the Director-General of WHO convened the first meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee, which issued the temporary recommendations on 22 May 2026 to States Parties. These recommendations underscore the importance of coordinated outbreak control, enhanced cross‑border collaboration, and sustained surveillance and preparedness to prevent further regional spread and ensure an effective public health response
WHO advises against any restriction of travel to, or trade with, the Democratic Republic of the Congo or Uganda based on the currently available information.
WHO continues to closely monitor and, where necessary, verify travel and trade measures in relation to this event.
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[1] Data source: Centre des opérations d'urgences de sante publique (COUSP-DRC) available at : SitRep MVE N° 013/2026 – National Institute of Public Health
Citable reference: World Health Organization (29 May 2026). Disease Outbreak News; Bundibugyo Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2026-DON605
Source:
Link: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2026-DON605
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Italy, #Ebola: #Doctor returning from #DRC tests negative {so far} (Min. Health, May 29 '26)
Press release number 35 | Press release date: May 29, 2026
The Ministry of Health informs that last night the Italian doctor from Doctors Without Borders who had come into contact with patients who tested positive for Ebola returned from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The doctor is a surgeon who is asymptomatic but who nevertheless authorized the test, which came back negative.
The test was performed at the Spallanzani Hospital in Rome, where the doctor is currently in quarantine.
The Ministry recalls that there is no Ebola alert in our country.
The Ministry has been actively involved in all preparedness and surveillance activities since the outbreak began and is continuing to monitor the evolution of the epidemiological situation in coordination with the local authorities and national and local health authorities.
Source:
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Meeting of the #SAGE on #Immunization, March 2026: conclusions and recommendations {#COVID19 vaccines safety portion} (WHO, May 29 '26)
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COVID-19
SAGE reviewed the latest epidemiological data on COVID-19 during the Omicron era, including the disease burden and post-COVID conditions, across population groups.
Evidence on the status of vaccine use globally and the safety, effectiveness and cost–effectiveness of currently available vaccines was also reviewed.
The global burden of severe COVID-19 has declined compared with earlier phases during the pandemic, largely due to widespread population immunity through vaccination and prior infection.
Nevertheless, COVID-19 continues to cause morbidity and mortality, particularly among older adults, individuals with comorbidities and people who are immunocompromised.
In terms of post-COVID-19 conditions, persistent symptoms following acute infection have been documented in both adults and children, although estimates of prevalence vary considerably across studies owing to differences in case definitions and study methods.
Vaccination may contribute to reducing the risk of post-COVID-19 conditions, primarily through prevention of severe disease.
In terms of the burden of COVID-19 during pregnancy and infancy in the Omicron era, the risk of severe disease and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes was lower than during the pandemic.
However, people who are pregnant remain at higher risk of severe disease in the Omicron era compared with those of a similar age who are not pregnant.
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes (e.g. intensive care unit admission) and pregnancy outcomes (e.g. preterm birth).
Data on infants infected with SARS-CoV-2, which are mainly from a few high-income settings, indicate that infants aged under 6 months may experience higher hospitalization rates than older children, although the frequency of severe outcomes is low and varies within these settings.
The currently available mRNA and protein subunit COVID-19 vaccines have an acceptable safety profile across age groups and risk categories, based on 5 years of accumulated COVID-19 vaccine safety data from clinical trials, post-marketing pharmacovigilance systems, surveillance platforms, post-authorization studies and international regulatory reviews.
Serious adverse events remain rare relative to the number of doses administered globally (>13 billion); also, most reported adverse events are mild or moderate and transient, typically resolving within a few days.
A limited number of rare, platform-specific adverse events have been identified, including thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) associated with adenovirus vector vaccines that are no longer being manufactured, and myocarditis/pericarditis associated with mRNA and protein vaccines.
However, myocarditis and pericarditis associated with the currently available mRNA and protein vaccines remain uncommon, and have a milder course than post-COVID or conventional myocarditis; hence, the overall benefit–risk balance continues to favour vaccination, particularly among populations at increased risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes.
Safety following repeated doses, including revaccination with variant-adapted vaccines, remains reassuring, with no new safety signals identified.{24}
Real-world evidence consistently shows that the vaccines are effective in reducing COVID-19 associated severe disease and death.
Vaccines adapted to Omicron lineages continue to provide meaningful protection against severe outcomes.
Routine periodic COVID-19 vaccine doses help to sustain protection, despite the relatively rapid waning of protection against infection and limited protection against symptomatic disease beyond 6 months.
Updated evidence on COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy from observational studies, pregnancy registries, and surveillance systems across multiple countries has not identified safety concerns.
Currently it shows no increased risk of adverse maternal or pregnancy-related outcomes, including miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth or adverse outcomes in infants born to people vaccinated during pregnancy.
Vaccination during pregnancy is safe and it provides protection to the pregnant individual, against COVID-19 associated adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to infants aged under 6 months through maternal antibody transfer.
Cost–effectiveness analyses of COVID-19 vaccination consistently show that programmes targeting populations at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g. older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions) are generally cost-effective or even cost saving across a range of epidemiological scenarios.
Broader vaccination strategies may be cost-effective in certain contexts, depending on disease burden, vaccine costs and programmatic factors.
Most studies originate from high-income countries, limiting their generalizability to other settings.
SAGE recommended that countries should consider routine COVID-19 vaccination for those groups at highest risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
These include oldest adults;{25} older adults{26} with significant comorbidities or severe obesity; residents in care and long-term care facilities; and individuals aged 6 months or over, who are moderately or severely immunocompromised.
For these groups – whether they are unvaccinated or were vaccinated more than 6 months earlier – SAGE recommended at least one dose per year, and preferably two doses administered 6 months apart, owing to the waning of protection against severe COVID-19 disease by 6 months after the last dose.
Cost–effectiveness and programmatic feasibility should be considered when determining the number of doses to be administered per year.
SAGE also recommended that countries may consider routine COVID-19 vaccination of additional groups based on local context, cost–effectiveness and programmatic feasibility.
These additional groups include the following:
• Older adults without significant comorbidities or severe obesity; adults (not included in the older adult category), adolescents and children with significant comorbidities or severe obesity; and health workers and other care providers. These groups, whether unvaccinated or previously vaccinated more than 6 months earlier, may be vaccinated with at least one dose per year.
• People who are pregnant, whether unvaccinated or previously vaccinated more than 6 months earlier. This group may be vaccinated with one COVID-19 vaccine dose during each pregnancy, at any stage, though ideally during the second trimester. The aim is to optimize protection against severe COVID-19 for the pregnant person, prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and protect the infant during the first months of life.
• Previously unvaccinated healthy children aged 6–23 months. This age group may be vaccinated if a significant burden is documented; revaccination is not routinely recommended.
Some of the research priorities recommended by SAGE were further assessment of the burden, societal impact and vaccine effectiveness against post-COVID-19 condition, using the WHO standardized definition;{27} studies on cost–effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and among groups such as health workers and children; and studies on the social and behavioural drivers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, to address hesitancy and guide interventions to achieve high confidence and uptake.
SAGE recommendations will inform the development of a WHO vaccine position paper on COVID-19 vaccines; the position paper will replace the WHO SAGE interim guidance reflected in the COVID-19 vaccines roadmap.{28}
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{24} World Health Organization (2026). Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS): COVID-19 vaccines – Subcommittee. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2026 Mar 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/groups/global-advisory-committee-on-vaccine-safety/topics/covid-19-vaccines/subcommittee, accessed 30 April 2026).
{25} Age cut-off should be determined by countries – often it is 75 or 80 years.
{26} Age cut-off should be determined by countries – often it is 50 or 60 years
{27} WHO standardized definition for adults: Post-COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19, with symptoms that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1, accessed 30 April 2026); WHO standardized definition for children and adolescents: Post-COVID-19 condition in children and adolescents occurs in individuals with a history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with at least one persistent physical symptom lasting for at least 12 weeks after testing positive, that impacts everyday functioning and cannot be explained by another diagnosis. (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post-COVID-19-condition-CA-Clinical-case-definition-2023-1, accessed 30 April 2026)
{28} WHO SAGE Roadmap for prioritizing uses of COVID-19 vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Vaccines-SAGE-Prioritization-2023.1, accessed 30 April 2026)
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Source:
Link: https://www.who.int/publications/journals/weekly-epidemiological-record
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#USA, #Wastewater Data for Avian #Influenza #H5 (CDC, May 29 '26)
{Excerpt}
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Time Period: May 17, 2026 - May 23, 2026
-- A(H5) Detection: 7 site(s) (1.6%)
-- No Detection: 438 site(s) (98.4%)
-- No samples: 49 site(s)
{Click on Image to Enlarge}
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Source:
Link: https://www.cdc.gov/wastewater/emerging-viruses/h5.html?
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Italy, Canine #rabies case in Vittorio Veneto: epidemiological #investigations underway. All #dogs and #cats must be vaccinated (LHA, May 29 '26)
(No. 97/2026)
On Wednesday, May 27, a case of rabies was detected in a crossbreed dog owned by an Italian woman living in the municipality of Vittorio Veneto, in the San Giacomo di Veglia area.
The case was reported by a veterinary clinic, where the animal had been brought due to the onset of nervous symptoms consistent with the disease.
During the medical history reconstruction conducted with the owner and her family, it emerged that the dog had been brought to Italy illegally several months earlier following a tourist trip to Morocco by a relative of the woman.
Given the animal's extremely serious clinical condition and the potential health risk, the dog was euthanized and immediately transferred to the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) – National Reference Center for Rabies, which confirmed the diagnosis and the origin of the virus in Morocco.
Rabies is a viral disease spread through direct contact between animals and occasionally from infected animals to humans.
The consequences can be very serious, which is why it's important to promptly identify any potential contact with the dog in the previous two weeks.
Owners of dogs who may have come into contact with the rabid animal (photo of which is attached to this press release) are encouraged to contact the veterinary services of the Local Health Authority (ULSS).
The Public Health and Hygiene Service (SISP) and the Animal Health Service of Local Health Authority 2 have already conducted epidemiological investigations and traced the exposed people and dogs.
The people have been given post-exposure prophylaxis, an effective measure to prevent any risk of disease development, while the dogs will be kept under observation at suitable veterinary facilities within Local Health Authority 2.
Health authorities are monitoring the situation and adopting all necessary measures to protect human and animal health.
As a precaution, all dogs and cats in the Municipality of Vittorio Veneto must be vaccinated at a veterinary clinic.
"The case has been monitored with the utmost care from the beginning, and within a couple of days, all possible contacts, both human and animal, were mapped," emphasized Director General Giancarlo Bizzarri.
"I therefore believe I can safely say that there is no cause for concern for the Vittorio Veneto population. Anyone with questions or requests for information can reach us via the telephone numbers provided by the ULSS."
In light of the rabies case recorded in Vittorio Veneto and given that rabies is endemic in numerous non-European countries, ULSS 2 urges everyone to avoid interacting with animals when traveling to "at-risk" countries.
This afternoon, the Municipality of Vittorio Veneto will publish an ordinance containing practical information for dog and cat owners.
Contact point for veterinary questions : 336231711 | Contact point for medical questions : 3333360572
Source:
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Italy - #Rabies virus (Inf. with) - Immediate notification (WOAH, May 29 '26): Illegal movement of a dog from Morocco
{Veneto Region} The case is linked to the illegal movement of a dog originating from Morocco, which transited through Spain before entering Italy in mid-December 2025. The animal was euthanised, and rabies was confirmed by laboratory testing on 27 May 2026.
Source:
Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7578
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Taiwan CDC: In response to escalating #Ebola #outbreak, entry from #DRC and #Uganda will be suspended for 90 days (May 29 '26)
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated today (May 29) that, according to data released by the WHO as of May 27, 2026, the Ebola virus Disease outbreak continues to expand in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Uganda, primarily affecting Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu provinces within the DRC.
The DRC has reported a cumulative total of 906 cases (223 deaths) and 125 confirmed cases (17 deaths).
Uganda has reported a cumulative total of 7 confirmed cases to date, including 1 death.
Based on the assessment of the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Ebola outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda are likely to continue to escalate.
In addition to strengthening cross-airport joint prevention and control measures and enhancing port monitoring and interception mechanisms, Taiwan, in order to further reduce the risk of imported cases and referencing practices in the United States and Canada, has jointly discussed with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Bureau of Consular Affairs, the National Immigration Agency of the Ministry of the Interior, and the Civil Aeronautics Administration of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, and will implement new border epidemic prevention and control measures as follows:
I. Starting from 00:00 on June 2, 2026, the issuance of visas to residents of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda will be suspended; those already issued visas will have their entry temporarily suspended for 90 days. However, the following four categories of individuals will be excluded:
° (I) Students who have already obtained admission permission from Taiwan;
° (II) Diplomatic and official duties;
° (III) Spouses of Taiwanese citizens who are not Taiwanese citizens and their minor children;
° (IV) Emergency or humanitarian assistance: such as attending funerals or visiting seriously ill relatives.
II. Taiwanese citizens who have traveled to epidemic areas within 21 days prior to entry, holders of valid Taiwanese residence permits, and those permitted to enter Taiwan are still subject to the measures announced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on May 27. They must proactively report to the airport quarantine station upon arrival in Taiwan, where quarantine personnel will issue an "Inbound Passenger Self-Health Management Notice." They must conduct self-health management for 21 days after entry, and follow the requirements of the notice to report their health status. If symptoms appear, they should immediately call the epidemic prevention hotline 1922 for assistance from health authorities.
The CDC explained that the aforementioned control measures will be adjusted in a timely manner based on the latest international epidemic situation and the epidemic prevention risks at Taiwan's borders. The CDC reiterated that the travel epidemic recommendation level for the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Uganda is Level 3 "Warning," urging the public to avoid all non-essential travel to these countries.
The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reiterates that, to strengthen border quarantine, in addition to enhancing public awareness through airport multimedia electronic billboards, scrolling displays, and signage, it has been making in-flight announcements on all international flights arriving in Taiwan since May 27th.
Passengers who have traveled to the Democratic Republic of Congo or Uganda within the past 21 days are urged to proactively report to the quarantine station upon arrival in Taiwan for TOCC and health assessment.
Please cooperate with the following quarantine measures:
° 1. Passengers assessed as having suspected Ebola virus infection symptoms (fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bleeding, etc.) will be immediately transported by ambulance to a contracted hospital for examination, and local health authorities will be coordinated in their prevention and control efforts.
° 2. Asymptomatic passengers will be issued a "Notice of Self-Health Management for Passengers with Travel History to Ebola-Epidemic Areas." Upon arrival, please cooperate with 21 days of self-health management, keep your phone accessible for contact tracing by health authorities, take your temperature twice daily (morning and evening), and report your health status to the "Public Proactive E-Reporting System." If you experience any of the above symptoms, please call the epidemic prevention hotline 1922 immediately for assistance from the Health Bureau to seek medical attention. Those who do not cooperate with the above measures will be penalized in accordance with the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act.
Source:
Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/64WhLC3Lcr6B4QUo04UA6A?typeid=9
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Increased burden of #influenza #H1N1pdm09 in older adults following the #COVID19 #pandemic
Abstract
Of the two influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes circulating endemically in humans, A/H3N2 and A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2 has historically been the dominant driver of disease burden in older adults. Based on an analysis of publicly available global surveillance data from 2015 to 2025 (>300,000 subtyped, age-stratified infections), we report a substantially increased contribution of A/H1N1pdm09 to influenza morbidity in older adults since approximately 2022. Birth cohort-stratified analyses suggest elevated A/H1N1pdm09 burden among individuals born before 1955-1959, consistent with erosion of pre-existing immunity originally generated by exposure to historical A/H1N1 strains. Pooled estimates across datasets and analytical approaches indicate the increase in A/H1N1pdm09 burden rises with earlier birth year, ranging from 1.22-fold (95% CI 1.08-1.37) for the 1955-1959 birth cohort to 3.10-fold (95% CI 2.58-3.72) for the 1930-1934 cohort. These findings point to a substantial rise in the overall influenza burden among the most vulnerable age groups, with implications for vaccine policy, clinical management, and public health planning.
Competing Interest Statement
C.A.R. has received consulting fees from CSL Seqirus, Moderna, Pfizer, GSK, and Sanofi for advisory services unrelated to this work.
Source:
Link: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.20.26353664v1
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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