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Showing posts from April 8, 2025

A #monoclonal anti-hemagglutinin stem #antibody modified with #zanamivir protects against both #influenza A and B viruses

Significance Anti-influenza therapeutics remain essential for the control of influenza infections , which may require hospitalization for the most severe cases. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), the two membrane glycoproteins of the influenza virus, play crucial roles in the viral replication cycle. While many monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors target HA or NA, each faces limitations tied to their individual properties. We developed an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) by covalently linking the NA inhibitor zanamivir to MEDI8852, an HA stem-specific monoclonal antibody . The MEDI8852–zanamivir conjugate targets both HA and NA and offers robust and long-lasting protection in mice against lethal infections with influenza A and B viruses. This approach represents an addition to anti-influenza therapy. Abstract Influenza remains a significant public health threat . Both monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors can target the influenza surface glycoproteins ...

Identification and characterization of a broadly neutralizing and protective #nanobody against the #HA1 domain of #H5 avian #influenza virus #hemagglutinin

ABSTRACT The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5 , particularly those of the currently circulating clades 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.4, are largely responsible for the sporadic human infections that frequently present with a high case fatality rate . Consequently, there is an urgent necessity for the development of advanced antiviral therapeutic options against the H5 HPAIVs. Herein, the yeast two-hybrid system was employed for identifying seven nanobodies that bind the HA1 domain of hemagglutinin (HA). Among these nanobodies, Nb10 was found to exhibit high-affinity and broad-spectrum neutralization capacity against viruses of clades 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.4 under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Surprisingly, Nb10 exhibited excellent efficacy against the recombinant viruses Re6/PR8, Re8/PR8, Re10/PR8, Re11/PR8, and Re14/PR8 of the subtype H5, with average half-maximal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.42 µg/mL in a microneutralization assay. Furtherm...