#Norway - #Influenza A #HxNx viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

{A Canada Goose}

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{A Greylag Goose}

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A wild Greylag Goose and a wild Canada Goose in Innlandet and Østfold Regions.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7424

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#Norway - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Follow up report 1

 

A poultry farm in Nordland Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6767

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Detection of #antibodies specific to #H5 avian #influenza virus in a #sheep in #Norway, June 2024 ...

 

Abstract

A 2023 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in seabirds in Norway caused substantial environmental contamination of grazing areas frequented by local sheep. Eleven months later, 220 sheep were tested for antibodies to type A influenza and H5 subtype using ELISA, haemagglutination inhibition, and microneutralisation assays. One ewe (0.5%) tested positive by all methods, consistent with prior spillover infection. This underscores the importance of restricting livestock access to outbreak areas to mitigate cross-species transmission and zoonotic risk.

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670265v1

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Genomic profiling of #cefotaxime-resistant #Haemophilus influenzae from #Norway and #Sweden reveals extensive expansion of virulent #MDR international clones

Abstract

Cefotaxime-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (CRHI) are a global concern, but little is known about their molecular epidemiology. The goal of this study was to perform genomic profiling of 191 CRHI from Norway (n = 183) or Sweden (n = 8) (2006–2018) and assess clonal spread using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST)-based Life Identification Number (LIN) codes based on whole genome sequencing (Ion Torrent). Cefotaxime resistance was confirmed with broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), interpreted with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. 35.7% of isolates with cefotaxime gradient MIC of 0.25 mg/L were falsely resistant. All but two isolates (blood) were non-invasive, and all but two (serotype f) were non-typeable. Characterization included calling of resistance determinants, ftsI typing (penicillin-binding protein 3, PBP3), and classification of PBP3-mediated beta-lactam resistance (rPBP3), with assignment to rPBP3 stage and group. All isolates had rPBP3-defining substitutions, and 78.5% were stage 3 (L389F positive). Beta-lactam MICs correlated well with rPBP3 genotypes. Significant proportions of stage 3 isolates were cross-resistant to ceftriaxone (86.0%) and meropenem (meningitis breakpoints, 26.0%). The CRHI prevalence in Norway doubled during the study period and approached 1%. A shift from stage 2 to stage 3 rPBP3 in 2011–2012 led to emergence of CRHI with higher beta-lactam MICs and co-resistance to multiple non-beta-lactams, including extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The shift was driven by transformation with two distinct variants of the transpeptidase region and multiclonal expansion. 66.0% of the isolates belonged to 27 clusters. Ten clusters or singletons belonged to international CRHI clones represented in the PubMLST database. The study provides new insight into CRHI evolution, resistance profiles, and clonal dynamics in a period when this phenotype went from exceptional to unusual in Europe. International CRHI clones are described for the first time, including eight high-risk clones associated with invasive disease, calling for enhanced genomic surveillance. LIN coding, supplemented with ftsI typing and rPBP3 staging, is well-suited for definition of CRHI clones. LIN9, defined by ≤ 10 allelic differences, offered the highest resolution level fully supported by maximum likelihood core genome phylogeny and is proposed as a global standard for genomic surveillance of H. influenzae.

Source: Frontiers in Microbiology, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1601390/full

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#Norway - #Influenza A viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

By Scott Wieman - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24620634

A wild Herring Gull in Nordland Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6621

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#Norway - #Influenza A #H5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

By Andreas Trepte - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10944563

A Great black-backed Gull in Nordland Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6594

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Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza A(#H5N1) Caused Mass Death among Black-legged #Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in #Norway, 2023

Abstract

In 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) heavily affected gulls in Europe. In July, a mass mortality event was reported in the Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) breeding colony at Ekkerøy in Northern Norway. The cause was confirmed to be infection with the HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus, genotype EA-2022-BB. We describe the outbreak in Kittiwakes, including pathological and virological investigations, and discuss the management and zoonotic potential. With more than 15,000 dead birds reported, we estimate that the outbreak caused a reduction in the Kittiwake population at Ekkerøy of at least 50%. Diseased birds exhibited neurological signs. Necropsy of ten birds revealed a peracute fatal systemic disease, with severe lesions in the brain and pancreas co-localizing with the presence of viral RNA and antigen. Vascular expression of α2,3-linked sialic acids and viral RNA/antigen may reflect hematogenous virus spread. Further studies should investigate the long-term impact of HPAI on Kittiwake populations.

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.655725v1

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#Norway - #Influenza A #H5N5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 A Red Fox in Tromso Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6450

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#Norway - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 A wild Barnacle Goose in Rogaland Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6244

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Highly pathogenic avian #influenza virus (#H5N5) detected in an Atlantic #walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the #Svalbard Archipelago, #Norway, 2023

ABSTRACT

We present the first documented case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N5 in an Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus). The animal was found dead in Svalbard, Norway, in 2023. Sequence analysis revealed the highest genetic similarity with virus isolates from different avian hosts.

Source: Emerging Microbes and Infections, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2025.2456146

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#Norway - #Influenza A #H5N5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 A wild Eurasian Lynx in Troms Og Finnmark.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6117

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