ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract The H5 Avian Influenza A virus infection has emerged as a global concern , particularly in the ASEAN region . This viral infection poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, public health, and regional economies . This region’s reliance on poultry production and the zoonotic potential of H5 subtypes, with documented transmission to various mammalian species and humans , necessitates proactive mitigation strategies. Over the years, comprehensive efforts such as surveillance, vaccination programs, biosecurity measures, and public health education have been implemented to keep outbreaks at bay. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the H5 infections in the ASEAN region, focusing on the unique challenges and successes in this geographic area. We analyze epidemiological trends , including specific high-risk populations and transmission patterns, and assess the socioeconomic impact of H5 outbreaks on local communities. We also examine regional responses , highli...

Highlights •  Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was circulating in Europe in 2023 •  Most EV-D68 cases were captured through clinical EV surveillance •  Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 region revealed a distinct B3-derived lineage •  The identified B3 lineage presented a previously undescribed residue change, D554E Abstract Background Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes respiratory disease ranging from mild to severe and in rare cases a paralytic syndrome, called acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Since the global EV-D68 outbreak in 2014, the virus has mainly circulated in biennial epidemic cycles with peaks detected during even years. However, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the seasonal pattern of EV-D68 has been characterized by large yearly upsurges . Here, we describe the circulation of EV-D68 in Europe in 2023 and track its genetic evolution. Study design Data was compiled from members of the European Non-Polio Network (ENPEN). This included monthly data on the total number of...

  Public Domain. Source: WikiArt,  https://www.wikiart.org/en/giorgione/judith ____

Abstract The risk of a respiratory viral pandemic is significant , including from the now widespread panzootic H5N1 influenza virus , highlighting the need for effective, stable, and inexpensive vaccine technologies that elicit strongly protective immunity. Intranasal vaccines can stimulate local immune responses at the site of natural respiratory viral infection, a key characteristic that can not only reduce morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory viruses but also potentially reduce viral transmissibility to limit outbreaks. Nucleic acid vaccines are now a valuable tool in pandemic responses, with high potency and rapid adaptability to target circulating or emerging viral strains; however, data are limited on which vaccine attributes are needed for efficient transmucosal delivery and immune stimulation following intranasal delivery. To demonstrate proof of concept , here we have developed a replicon vaccine expressing an H5 influenza antigen that uses a nanostructured lipid carr...