ETIDIOH - NEW

ABSTRACT The recent emergence of the H5N1 influenza virus in dairy cattle has raised significant public health concerns . Using a previously established pseudovirus-based neutralization assay , we evaluated the impact of emerging hemagglutinin (HA) mutations on the efficacy of current candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs). Neutralization analysis revealed that the cow-derived H5N1 virus showed up to a 2.2-fold reduction in sensitivity compared to the CVV homologous neutralization titers. Among the 1,453 HA sequences analyzed from cow-derived H5N1 viruses, we identified four major mutations (E2K, D104G, V147M, and S336N) that emerged after the initial isolation, with 134 isolates (9.22%) harboring all four mutations . These multi-mutation variants exhibited up to a 3.3-fold reduction compared with the CVV homologous neutralization titers. Single-mutation analysis demonstrated that the D104G mutation , present in 47.8% of sequences, markedly contributed to antibody escape . Our findings highl...

Summary Background Evidence from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors —compared with usual care or placebo—in adults treated in hospital for COVID-19 is conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the benefits and harms of JAK inhibitors compared with placebo or usual care and whether treatment effects differed between prespecified participant subgroups. Methods For this systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA), we searched Medline via Ovid, Embase via Elsevier, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials , the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and the COVID-19 L·OVE Platform, including backward and forward citation searching (last search Nov 28, 2024), for RCTs (unpublished or published in any format and any language) that randomly assigned adults (aged ≥16 years) admitted to a hospital due to COVID-19 to receive either a JAK inhibitor (any type) or no JAK inhibitor (ie, received site-specific standard of care with or without p...