ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract Only 2 cases of human adenovirus type 14 (HAdV-14) have been reported in Japan since 1980. We report a 7-year-old girl with acute encephalopathy associated with HAdV-14 infection genetically similar to strains from the United States . The patient had not had contact with international travelers. HAdV-14 surveillance should be strengthened in Japan. Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/2/24-1168_article _____

 {Summary} Swine influenza virus (SIV) is a highly contagious pathogen that poses significant economic challenges to the swine industry and carries zoonotic potential , underscoring the need for vigilant surveillance. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genetic and molecular analysis of H3N2 SIV isolates obtained from 372 swine samples collected in Shandong Province, China . Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct genotypes . The surface genes of both genotypes clustered with the human-like H3N2 lineage , while the internal genes of one genotype clustered with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdm/09) lineage . In the second genotype, the NS gene clustered with the classical swine (CS) H1N1 lineage , while the remaining internal genes clustered with pdm/09, suggesting stable integration of pdm/09 gene segments into H3N2 SIV. Homology analysis showed over 96% genetic similarity between the isolates and reference strains from China and Brazil , suggesting potential transmission thr...

 {Excerpt} Time Period: December 22 - December 28, 2024 -- H5 Detection : 44 sites ( 18.6% ) -- No Detection : 192 sites ( 81.4% ) -- No samples in last week : 150 sites (...) Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://www.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/wwd-h5.html _____

{Excerpt} DOVER, Del. (January 3, 2025) – The Delaware Department of Agriculture announced this morning that preliminary testing of a commercial broiler flock in Kent County , Del., has returned presumptive positive H5 from the University of Delaware’s Lasher Laboratory in Georgetown, part of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network. Additional samples have been sent to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) for further confirmation. State officials have quarantined the affected premises , and the birds on the property are being depopulated to prevent the spread of the disease. Birds from the affected flock will not enter the food system. Avian influenza is a highly contagious airborne respiratory virus that spreads quickly among birds through nasal and eye secretions and manure. The virus can be spread from flock to flock, including flocks of wild birds, through contact with infected poultry, equipment, and the clothing and shoes of ca...

Backyard reared non-poultry birds in Rheinland-Pfalz Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6149 _____

Abstract A switch from avian-type α-2,3 to human-type α-2,6 receptors is an essential element for the initiation of a pandemic from an avian influenza virus . Some H9N2 viruses exhibit a preference for binding to human-type α-2,6 receptors . This identifies their potential threat to public health . However, our understanding of the molecular basis for the switch of receptor preference is still limited. In this study, we employed the random forest algorithm to identify the potentially key amino acid sites within hemagglutinin (HA), which are associated with the receptor binding ability of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). Subsequently, these sites were further verified by receptor binding assays. A total of 12 substitutions in the HA protein (N158D, N158S, A160N, A160D, A160T, T163I, T163V, V190T, V190A, D193N, D193G, and N231D) were predicted to prefer binding to α-2,6 receptors . Except for the V190T substitution, the other substitutions were demonstrated to display an affinity for pr...