ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract Since early-2024 unprecedented outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b have been ongoing in dairy cattle in the United States with significant consequences for the dairy industry and public health . Estimation of key epidemiological parameters is required to support outbreak response , including predicting the likely effectiveness of interventions and testing strategies . Here, we pool limited publicly available data from four studies of naturally and experimentally infected dairy cattle. We quantify Ct value trajectories of infected dairy cattle and the relationship between Ct value and the log-titer of infectious virus , a proxy for infectiousness . We estimate that following infection minimum Ct values are rapidly reached within 1–2 days with a population mean Ct value of 15.7 (12.9, 18.4). We identify a threshold Ct value of 21.8 (19.9, 24.6), with values of Ct value above this threshold representing little-to-no infectious viral load . Fin...

  Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b have caused widespread avian mortality and sporadic mammalian infections , raising concerns about their potential for efficient replication in the human population . Efficient replication in the human upper respiratory tract is considered a key barrier to transmission . Here, we demonstrate that an H5N1 virus isolated from bovine milk in Texas in 2024 (H5N1Tex/24) replicates as efficiently as the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (H1N1HH4/09) in well-differentiated human nasal epithelial cells . These cells express both avian- and human-type influenza receptors , indicating receptor adaptation is unnecessary for entry . H5N1Tex/24 replicates effectively at 33 degrees Celsius , reflecting nasal cavity temperature , whereas earlier avian H5N1 strains require 37 degrees Celsius, suggesting that H5N1Tex/24 has acquired another key adaptive feature to the human upper respiratory tract. H5N1Tex/24 remains sensitive to int...

  BMJ MARTIN DS, Doidge JC, Gould D, Shahid T, et al The impact of skin tone on performance of pulse oximeters used by NHS England COVID Oximetry @home scheme: measurement and diagnostic accuracy study. BMJ. 2026;392:e085535. PubMed           Abstract available Int J Infect Dis AMODIO E, Aiello R, Battisti M, Casuccio A, et al Past Behavior Predicts Future Protection: Uncovering Key Drivers of Influenza Vaccine Acceptance in Italy in the Post-Pandemic Era. Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jan 8:108379. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108379. PubMed           Abstract available SEO G, Joo H, Song K, Kim M, et al Static and Dynamic Scoring Systems for Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in a Korean Cohort. Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jan 9:108378. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108378. PubMed           Abstract available PIOVESAN C, Fabiani M, Pezzotti P, Ramigni M, et al Mortality for causes un...

  Antiviral Res LEEKHA A, Reichel K, Hurst B, Varadarajan N, et al Therapeutic intranasal delivery of NanoSTING provides broad protection against seasonal and highly pathogenic influenza strains. Antiviral Res. 2026 Jan 14:106342. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106342. PubMed           Abstract available BMJ MARTIN DS, Doidge JC, Gould D, Shahid T, et al The impact of skin tone on performance of pulse oximeters used by NHS England COVID Oximetry @home scheme: measurement and diagnostic accuracy study. BMJ. 2026;392:e085535. PubMed           Abstract available Drug Saf PALMER M, Seekins D, Avigan M, Marcinak J, et al The Impact of COVID-19 and COVID-19 Vaccination on Detection, Assessment, and Management of Suspected Acute Drug-Induced Liver Injury Occurring during Clinical Trials: Consensus Recommendations from the IQ DILI Initiative. Drug Saf. 2026;49:9-25. PubMed        ...