ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract Farmed mink are frequently exposed to circulating influenza A viruses (IAVs), as confirmed by viral isolation and serological evidence. Previous work reveals that naïve mink serve as susceptible hosts for both avian and human influenza strains , highlighting their potential role in influenza ecology . In this study, we investigated whether farmed mink naturally pre-exposed to H9 retain the capacity to serve as “mixing vessels” for reassorting human and avian IAVs. Our results demonstrate that they remain fully susceptible and permissive to infection by both avian H6N6 and human H1N1 influenza strains . Notably, efficient transmission of these viruses occurred among farmed mink, confirming their potential to sustain viral exchange . These findings indicate that farmed mink represent highly permissive hosts capable of facilitating reassortment between circulating human and avian IAVs. Given this risk, current mink farming practices may substantially increase the likelihood...

  Highlights --  We conducted surveillance for influenza A viruses at live bird markets in northern Vietnam. --  Six different subtypes of influenza A virus were found co-circulating in the markets. --  Notable genetic mutations were found across many genes. --  These markets have great potential to generate new pandemic influenza A virus strains. Abstract Objectives Live bird markets (LBMs) in Asia have often been the source of human infections with avian influenza virus (AIV). Methods From July 2021 to August 2023, we employed a One Health approach in conducting periodic surveillance for novel influenza A viruses in five LBMs in northern Vietnam. Specimens were studied with egg culture, molecular assays, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing. Results We studied a total of 688 human, avian, and bioaerosol specimens . Among these, 118 ( 17.2% ) were found to have molecular evidence of AIVs . Next-generation sequencing of 92 isolates revealed multiple...