Monday, November 17, 2025

#Cambodia's #capital has reported its first #death from avian #influenza #H5N1 this year (Nov. 17 '25)

 


Phnom Penh, November 16 (Xinhua) -- Cambodia's Ministry of Health confirmed on the 16th that a young man residing in Phnom Penh had died from avian influenza (H5N1). Authorities urged the public to be vigilant and take effective preventative measures.

According to the report, the 22-year-old man experienced severe symptoms including fever, cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. Despite the medical team's best efforts, his condition rapidly deteriorated, and he died on the 15th of this month. This is the first reported human death from avian influenza in the country's capital this year.

Following the incident, the Cambodian Ministry of Health immediately activated its emergency response mechanism. Local professional teams are conducting a comprehensive and detailed epidemiological investigation to trace the source of infection and identify close contacts. To prevent further spread of the epidemic in the community, authorities have urgently allocated and distributed antiviral medications to the local population.

Cambodia has recorded 17 cases of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus this year, including 6 deaths. Among the multiple avian influenza deaths reported since January, the youngest was a child who was only 2 years and 7 months old.

A Cambodian Ministry of Health official had previously warned that avian influenza continues to pose a serious threat to the lives and health of the Cambodian people. (End)

Source: China News Network, https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1848929739224488346&wfr=spider&for=pc

____

#Cambodia Man Dies from #H5N1 #Birdflu (Nov. 17 '25)

 


A 22-year-old Cambodian man died of H5N1 bird flu , the Ministry of Health said in a statement released Sunday, November 16, 2025, as reported by Xinhua and quoted by Antara.

"Laboratory results from the Cambodian National Institute of Public Health on November 15, 2025, showed that the man was positive for H5N1 virus infection," the Cambodian Ministry of Health said in a statement.

(...)

Source: Tempo, https://www.tempo.co/internasional/pria-kamboja-tewas-akibat-flu-burung-h5n1-2090146

____

Sunday, November 16, 2025

Safety and immunogenicity of a #Nipah virus #vaccine (HeV-sG-V) in adults: a single-centre, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study

 


Summary

Background

First discovered in 1999 in Malaysia, Nipah virus (NiV) causes yearly outbreaks throughout south and southeast Asia with associated mortality rates of 40–75%. Due to the structural and sequence similarities between the NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) attachment G glycoproteins, and the extensive extant evidence of the ability of a recombinant soluble glycoprotein G (HeV-sG) to provide heterologous cross-protective immunity when used as vaccine (HeV-sG-V), this study aimed to evaluate HeV-sG-V for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity against NiV.

Methods

We conducted a phase 1, single-centre, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eligible participants were aged 18–49 years, healthy, and not pregnant; participants were ineligible if they were immunocompromised, had received blood products within 6 months of enrolment, had potential exposure to NiV or HeV, or had known allergies to components of the vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned in a 5:1 ratio to receive either one or two doses of the vaccine candidate (at 10 μg for the first cohort; 30 μg at days 1 and either days 8 or 29 for cohort 2; and 100 μg with the same timing for cohort 3) or placebo. The primary endpoints were solicited and unsolicited adverse events, clinically significant laboratory test result abnormalities, medically attended adverse events, and serious adverse events. Secondary endpoints were serum IgG binding via ELISA and neutralising antibody responses against prototypical NiV Bangladesh (NiVB) and NiV Malaysia (NiVM) reporter viruses.

Findings

Between Feb 24, 2020, and Oct 6, 2021, 268 participants were screened, and 192 were enrolled. 173 (90%) participants met the per-protocol criteria. Mild-to-moderate injection site pain was the most commonly reported adverse event. No serious adverse events, hospitalisations, or deaths were reported. The immune response to HeV-sG-V was dose-dependent; a single administration was not sufficiently immunogenic, whereas two administrations were immunogenic, with the highest response rates observed among vaccinees that received two administrations of the 100 μg HeV-sG-V 28 days apart (neutralising antibody geometric mean titres rose dramatically 7 days after the second investigational product dose, reaching 1485·6 (990·5–2228·1) and 2581·9 (147·1–3194·2) for NiVB and NiVM, respectively).

Interpretation

All three doses and regimens of HeV-sG-V had a tolerable risk profile and were able to induce an immune response. The induction of antibodies within 1 month of vaccination, along with the persistence afforded by two dosages, suggests the vaccine candidate has potential for reactive outbreak control and preventive use.

Funding

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Source: The Lancet, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014067362501390X?dgcid=rss_sd_all

____

Gordale Scar, James Ward (c.1812 - 1814)

 


Public Domain.

Source: WikiArt, https://www.wikiart.org/en/james-ward/gordale-scar-a-view-of-gordale-in-the-manor-of-east-malham-in-craven-yorkshire-the-property-of-1814

____

Saturday, November 15, 2025

History of Mass Transportation: #Autorail Renault VH preserved a the City of Trains Museum

 


Par ignis — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1256653

Source: Wikipedia, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorail_Renault

____

#Ethiopia confirms first #outbreak of #Marburg virus disease (#WHO AFRO, Nov. 15 '25)

 


14 November 2025

Addis Ababa—Ethiopia’s Ministry of Health has confirmed an outbreak of Marburg virus disease in the South Ethiopia Region, the first of its kind in the country, following laboratory testing of samples from a cluster of suspected cases of viral haemorrhagic fever.

Genetic analysis by the Ethiopia Public Health Institute revealed that the virus is of the same strain as the one that has been reported in previous outbreaks in other countries in East Africa

A total of nine cases have been reported in the outbreak that has affected Jinka town in the South Ethiopia Region.

The national authorities are scaling up response including community-wide screening, isolation of cases, treatment, contact tracing and public awareness campaigns to curb the spread of the Marburg virus, which is in the same family of viruses that cause Ebola virus disease.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and partners are supporting the government as it intensifies response to halt the spread of the virus and end the outbreak. A team of responders with expertise in viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak response has been deployed along with medical supplies and equipment.  

Marburg virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness caused by the Marburg virus. The disease is transmitted to humans from fruit bats and spreads among people through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals or contaminated materials.

Initial symptoms include high fever, severe headache, muscle aches and fatigue. Many patients develop severe bleeding within a week of onset. Although several promising candidate medical countermeasures are currently undergoing clinical trials, there is no licensed therapeutic or vaccine for effective management or prevention of Marburg virus disease. However, early access to supportive treatment and care – rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids – and treatment of specific symptoms, improve survival.  

In the African region, previous outbreaks and sporadic cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda.

Source: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, https://www.afro.who.int/countries/ethiopia/news/ethiopia-confirms-first-outbreak-marburg-virus-disease

____

#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (by AMEDEO, Nov. 15 '25)

 


    Int J Infect Dis

  1. SILVA CAC, Bomfim AP, Medeiros JD, Silva JJ, et al
    Nasal Microbiota and Clinical Features in Acute Flu-Like Illness: COVID-19 Status and Long COVID Follow-Up.
    Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 11:108196. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108196.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  2. SONG J, Jeong S, Chun AY, Jung J, et al
    Incidence of Respiratory Infections after the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023-2024) and Its Association of Vaccination Among Entire Populations in Korea.
    Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108194. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108194.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  3. VERGORI A, Matusali G, Lepri AC, Cimini E, et al
    Supporting equitable booster strategies: one-year real-world immunogenicity data in people with HIV (PWH) receiving different variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines.
    Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108189. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108189.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Infect

  4. CRAWFORD-JONES D, Charlett M, Downs L, Jeffery K, et al
    Real-world utility of antigen-based testing (LumiraDX) for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B in an acute hospital emergency care setting: a useful triage tool.
    J Infect. 2025;91:106649.
    PubMed        


    J Med Virol

  5. LI J, Wang X, Li J, Chen Y, et al
    Antigenic Imprinting and Immune Response Dynamics: Neutralization Against Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Following Breakthrough Infections.
    J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70681.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  6. WOLF JM, Pille A, Kunde L, de Souza MCF, et al
    COVID-19 and the Prediction of 30-Day Hospital Readmissions: A Brazilian Retrospective Cohort Study Applying the Hospital Score Before and After the Pandemic.
    J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70693.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Virol

  7. MUTHURAMAN K, Jackman M, Liang Y, Garrett ME, et al
    Human antibody targeting of coronavirus spike S2 subunit is associated with protection mediated by Fc effector functions.
    J Virol. 2025 Nov 12:e0152325. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01523.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    JAMA

  8. FRIEDEN TR, Schaffner W, Sharfstein JM
    CDC's Failure to Recommend COVID-19 Vaccination-"Shared Clinical Decision-Making" Is Abdication of Responsibility.
    JAMA. 2025 Nov 13. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.22473.
    PubMed        


    Science

  9. MERVIS J
    Sweeping ban on Chinese collaborations proposed.
    Science. 2025;390:662-663.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  10. COHEN J
    The pandemic next time.
    Science. 2025;390:667-671.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Travel Med Infect Dis

  11. CHAO HY, Chang CJ, Lai TJ, Tsai JS, et al
    Loneliness in Long-term Taiwanese Expatriates and Domestic Residents in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-sectional Study.
    Travel Med Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 5:102928. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102928.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi

  12. HE XY, Li XH, Tong ZH
    [Cognitive impairment in long COVID: advances in pathological mechanisms and exercise rehabilitation interventions].
    Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2025;48:1087-1095.
    PubMed         Abstract available

#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (by AMEDEO, Nov. 15 '25)

 


    Arch Virol

  1. WANG P, Fu J, Wu H, Zhu L, et al
    Amino acid substitutions associated with adaptation of novel H10N3 and H10N5 avian influenza viruses to mice.
    Arch Virol. 2025;170:242.
    PubMed        


    Drug Saf

  2. WONG J, Donegan K, Harrison K, Jan T, et al
    Implementation and Results of Active Vaccine Safety Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: A Regulatory Perspective.
    Drug Saf. 2025;48:1365-1385.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  3. VAN HOLLE L
    Observed Versus Expected Analysis-How Does It Fit in the Pharmacovigilance Toolkit?
    Drug Saf. 2025;48:1325-1330.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Drugs

  4. LEE A
    Onradivir: First Approval.
    Drugs. 2025;85:1609-1612.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Clin Microbiol

  5. HOGAN CA, Le AT, Khan A, Su LD, et al
    Comprehensive metabolomics combined with machine learning for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses directly from upper respiratory samples.
    J Clin Microbiol. 2025;63:e0204224.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Gen Virol

  6. GIOVANETTI M, Cella E, Soliani L, Prosperi A, et al
    From North to South: transmission dynamics of H1N1pdm09 swine influenza A viruses in Italy.
    J Gen Virol. 2025;106.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Infect

  7. CRAWFORD-JONES D, Charlett M, Downs L, Jeffery K, et al
    Real-world utility of antigen-based testing (LumiraDX) for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B in an acute hospital emergency care setting: a useful triage tool.
    J Infect. 2025;91:106649.
    PubMed        


    J Infect Dis

  8. BUCHAN SA, Alessandrini J, Drover SSM, Andrew MK, et al
    Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalization Among Adults in Ontario, Canada, 2017-2019.
    J Infect Dis. 2025;232:e799-e810.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  9. DESCHENES NM, Perez-Vargas J, Zhong Z, Thomas M, et al
    Functional and structural characterization of treatment-emergent nirmatrelvir resistance mutations at low frequencies in the main protease (Mpro) reveals a unique evolutionary route for SARS-CoV-2 to gain resistance.
    J Infect Dis. 2025 Jun 3:jiaf294. doi: 10.1093.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Virol

  10. NAITO T, Ushirogawa H, Kunishio M, Yano H, et al
    Live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine strain with an engineered temperature-sensitive and genetically stable viral polymerase variant.
    J Virol. 2025 Nov 13:e0139025. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01390.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  11. JUNG KI, Xia C, McKenna S, He Y, et al
    Ceramide synthase 4 interferes with replication of influenza virus but is downregulated by infection.
    J Virol. 2025 Nov 11:e0156325. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01563.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Virol Methods

  12. KOPETZKY J, Mansour SC, Floyd R, Byrne L, et al
    Development and Evaluation of a Molecular Assay for the Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus from Municipal Wastewater in British Columbia.
    J Virol Methods. 2025 Nov 5:115297. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115297.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Lancet

  13. REHM J, Assanangkornchai S, Hendershot CS, Franklin A, et al
    Alcohol use disorders.
    Lancet. 2025 Oct 9:S0140-6736(25)01496-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01496.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    PLoS Comput Biol

  14. ROY M, Clapham HE, Mishra S
    Incorporating human mobility to enhance epidemic response and estimate real-time reproduction numbers.
    PLoS Comput Biol. 2025;21:e1013642.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    PLoS One

  15. FU K, Jackson DB, Testa A
    Adverse childhood experiences and COVID-19 vaccination uptake: Examining the intersection of sex and urban-rural residence.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336390.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  16. POURSHABAN M, Allahbakhshian A, Hasankhani H
    Fading connections: A phenomenological study of oncology nurses' experiences of Missed Nursing Care during an infectious disease outbreak.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336174.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  17. BASU S
    On the mechanics of inhaled bronchial transmission of pathogenic microdroplets generated from the upper respiratory tract, with implications for downwind infection onset.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0335962.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  18. BERKE A, Calacci D, Pentland A, Larson K, et al
    Evaluating Amazon effects and the limited impact of COVID-19 with purchases crowdsourced from US consumers.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336571.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  19. LEE HK, Choi JY, Park JH, Chang MH, et al
    SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes synaptic dysfunction and p-tau and alpha-synuclein aggregation leading cognitive impairment: The protective role of metformin.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336015.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  20. MOORE TR, Chusan YAC, Sanderson E, Calancie L, et al
    Community-led change: Progress toward policy, systems, and environmental impacts through the Catalyzing Communities initiative.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336482.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  21. BONTEMPS AP, Pridgen BE, Wagner WP, Cropsey KL, et al
    A national study of substance use: Demonstrated use of recommendations for best practice online data collection.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336612.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  22. PANDA R, Mukherjee R, Singh K, Lahoti S, et al
    Effects of the ECHO tele-mentoring program on Long COVID management in health facilities in India: A mixed-methods evaluation.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0331293.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  23. OYEGUN EI, Ategbole M, Jorgensen C, Fisher A, et al
    Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antiviral medications for COVID-19 among US adults.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0335182.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  24. NIKAEIN K, Kanannejad Z, Ghatee MA
    Geographical and climatic risk factors for COVID-19 in southwest Iran during the 2020-2021 epidemic.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336595.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  25. KUMAR L, Ahmed I, Kumari C, Nasir N, et al
    Factors associated with prolonged viral shedding in COVID-19 infection: A retrospective cohort from Karachi, Pakistan.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336774.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  26. CORNWELL B, Ji S, Henderson SG, Meredith G, et al
    Amplification of the power of network hubs and degree skewness over infectious disease spread during lulls.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0322687.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  27. LU M, Bu Z, Xiang N, Yu J, et al
    Association between COVID-19 vaccination and atopic diseases in US adults: A retrospective cohort study.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336698.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  28. SHARMIN E, Khan AI, Ahmed SF
    Clinical assessment of transplacental transfer of maternal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid proteins: A chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay study.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336516.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  29. PHOMMASONE K, Souksakhone C, Chanthongthip A, Phonemixay O, et al
    Nationwide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic and prepandemic periods in Lao PDR.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336239.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

  30. BI K, Bandekar SR, Bouchnita A, Cramer A, et al
    Estimated impact of 2022-2023 influenza vaccines on annual hospital burden in the United States.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122:e2505175122.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Vaccine

  31. REEKIE J, Stepien S, Hendry A, Dalton L, et al
    Provider setting for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination among Australian adults in 2023 and 2024.
    Vaccine. 2025;68:127945.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  32. CHENG C, Chen X, Ge Y, Sung MH, et al
    Assessing factors associated with one-year antibody waning in participants with repeated influenza vaccinations: A six-year cohort study.
    Vaccine. 2025;68:127904.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  33. ZHU Y, Si M, Wang L, Zhang Y, et al
    Tolerability, safety, and preliminary immunogenicity assessment of different dosages of Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy subjects aged 6-35 months: A single-center, dose-escalation, open-label phase I clinical trial.
    Vaccine. 2025;68:127962.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  34. JEFFERY C, Cheyne CP, Buchan I, Garcia-Finana M, et al
    Effect of influenza vaccination on post-admission outcomes for influenza patients in England: a population-based cohort study.
    Vaccine. 2025;68:127933.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  35. DENG L, Fan X, Li J, Yin D, et al
    Characteristics of neuraminidase-specific immune responses in influenza vaccinated or naturally infected populations in Shenzhen, China.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127918.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  36. DO THT, Kent SJ, Whealtey AK, Koutsakos M, et al
    Impact of serum versus anticoagulant-containing plasma on influenza virus neuraminidase-based serological assays.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127956.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Virology

  37. SEEKINGS AH, Billington E, Mahmood S, Thomas SS, et al
    Infection of point-of-lay hens to assess the sequential events during H7N7 high-pathogenicity avian influenza emergence at a layer premises.
    Virology. 2025;614:110733.
    PubMed         Abstract available

History of Mass Transportation: The BBÖ 1070, BB Brissonneau e Lotz Vollert SNCF Y 8000 Shunters

 


By Smiley.toerist - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52071432

Source: Wikipedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brissonneau_et_Lotz_locomotives

____

#Human #Infection with Avian #Influenza #H10N3 Virus, #China, 2024

 


Abstract

We describe the clinical symptoms and epidemiologic characteristics of a patient infected with avian influenza A(H10N3) virus in Guangxi Province, China, in December 2024. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the virus was highly homologous to a virus from Yunnan Province. H10 subtype viruses should be monitored for potential zoonotic or reassortant events.

Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/11/25-0847_article

____

#USA, #Washington State: #H5N5 Avian #influenza confirmed in Grays Harbor County resident (DoH, Nov. 15 '25)

 


For immediate release: November 14, 2025   (25-138)


First detection of this strain in a human, risk to the public remains low

Contact: DOH Communications


A Grays Harbor resident who was hospitalized with influenza symptoms in early November has been confirmed to have influenza A H5, a type of avian influenza. 

Additional testing shows the virus to be H5N5, an avian influenza virus that has previously been reported in animals but never before in humans

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and DOH currently consider the risk to the public from avian influenza to be low.

The person is an older adult with underlying health conditions and remains hospitalized. 

The affected person has a mixed backyard flock of domestic poultry at home that had exposure to wild birds

The domestic poultry or wild birds are the most likely source of virus exposure; however, public health investigation is ongoing

The Washington State Department of Health is working with the local health department and the Washington State Department of Agriculture to complete exposure and animal health investigations.  

Public health disease experts have not identified any increased risk to the public.  

(...)

Source: Department of Health, State of Washington, https://doh.wa.gov/newsroom/h5n5-avian-influenza-confirmed-grays-harbor-county-resident

____

#USA, #H5N1 #Birdflu: Current #Situation (#CDC, as of Nov. 14 '25): One new human case confirmed, total now: 71

 


{Excerpt}

National situation summary

Person-to-person spreadNone

-- There is no known person-to-person spread at this time.

Current public health riskLow

-- The current public health risk is Low.

Cases in the U.S.71 cases

Deaths in U.S.1 death

(...)


Situation summary of confirmed and probable human cases since 2024

{Confirmed Cases}: 

-- National: Total Cases: 71 {+1}

[Cases - Exposure Source]

-- 41 - Dairy Herds (Cattle){*}
-- 24 - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations{*}
-- 3 - Other Animal Exposure{†}
-- 3 - Exposure Source Unknown{‡}

{Probable Cases}: 

-- National: Total Cases: 7

[Cases - Exposure Source]

-- 1 - Dairy Herds (Cattle){*}
-- 5 - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations{*}
-- 0 - Other Animal Exposure{†}
-- 1 - Exposure Source Unknown{‡}


NOTE: One additional case was previously detected in a poultry worker in Colorado in 2022. Louisiana reported the first H5 bird flu death in the U.S.

{*} Exposure Associated with Commercial Agriculture and Related Operations

{†} Exposure was related to other animals such as backyard flocks, wild birds, or other mammals

{‡} Exposure source was not able to be identified

(...)


____

Friday, November 14, 2025

#Africa #CDC #Statement on Suspected Viral #Haemorrhagic #Fever in Jinka, Southern Region, #Ethiopia (Nov. 14 '25)

 


13 November 2025, Addis Ababa – The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) is closely monitoring reports of a suspected viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) in Jinka, Southern Region, Ethiopia.

On 12 November 2025, the Ethiopia Public Health Institute (EPHI) notified Africa CDC of eight suspected cases, with clinical samples collected and submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for further testing. As investigations continue, no confirmed aetiology has yet been established.

From London where he was on official mission, the Director General of Africa CDC, H.E. Dr. Jean Kaseya had a call the same day with the Ethiopian Minister of Health H.E. Dr. Mekdes Daba to congratulate her for early detection and the transparency that characterized Ethiopia when there is a public health event, and to extend the support from Africa CDC and the entire continent to quickly contain that.

During the Africa CDC Weekly Press Briefing on Health Emergencies held on 13 November 2025, H.E. Dr. Jean Kaseya, highlighted this event and briefed Member States on preliminary information and response readiness.

The Africa CDC in-country team continues to engage closely with national authorities and provide technical support. Africa CDC will continue working with the Government of Ethiopia and partners and will issue timely updates as more information becomes available and laboratory results are confirmed, and additional assistance will be mobilised as required

###

Source: ReliefWeb, https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/africa-cdc-statement-suspected-viral-haemorrhagic-fever-jinka-southern-region-ethiopia

____

#UK - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 


{Scotland}

Broiler breeder flock of 28-week-old birds. Increased mortality and other clinical signs reported. Samples taken were found positive for HPAI H5N1.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7013

____

Phylogenetic and Molecular Characterization of a Novel #Reassortant High-Pathogenicity Avian #Influenza #H7N6 Virus Detected in #NZ #Poultry

 


Abstract

H7 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus outbreaks can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks, leading to devastating impacts on poultry industries. In December 2024, an HPAI virus was detected on a poultry farm in New Zealand, being the first time a case of HPAI was reported in the country. Whole-genome sequencing, subtyping, phylogenetic, and mutation analyses were performed to characterize the virus. Results indicated a novel high-pathogenicity H7N6 avian influenza virus arose through a reassortment event between endemic low-pathogenicity H4N6 and H7 viruses, followed by two mutations at the H7 gene cleavage site. Mutation analysis suggests the novel H7N6 virus exhibits increased risk of host specificity shift, but further work is required to fully understand the functional impacts of the detected mutational events. In this instance, a timely biosecurity response was effective in eliminating the virus and preventing its transmission to secondary poultry flocks in New Zealand. However, the event underscores the critical importance of continued surveillance of commercial poultry and other potential avian carriers to facilitate early detection of low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses, which may undergo reassortment or de novo mutation into high-pathogenicity variants.

Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/21/10623

____

#USA, #Human Avian #Influenza #H5N1 Cases in #Washington State Residents (as of November 14 '25)



Human Avian Influenza Cases in Washington State Residents{*}

[Exposure - Probable - Confirmed - Total human cases (H5)]

-- Poultry - 3 - 11 - 14

-- Unknown- 1{^} - 0 - 1

-- Total - 15

{*} Washington residency could not be confirmed for one case with exposure to poultry in Washington.

{^} Currently under investigation; case classification and source of infection may be updated.

Note: Updates to national public health reporting and notification of novel influenza A infections were approved by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) in June 2024 and enacted in September 2024. Whether a case is counted as confirmed or probable is determined after completion of a public health case investigation and takes into account a person's exposure to avian influenza virus, whether confirmatory testing at the CDC was negative or positive, and whether a person experienced symptoms of illness. The specific criteria used to determine if a case is confirmed, or probable is based on a standardized case definition for public health surveillance which allows states to apply the same criteria and to count cases in the same manner for national reporting.

(...)

Source: Department of Health, State of Washington, https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/avian-influenza

____

#USA, State of #Washington: Grays Harbor County resident tests preliminarily positive for avian #influenza { #H5N1 }



For immediate release: November 13, 2025   (25-136)


Contact: DOH Communications


If confirmed, this would be the first human case of avian influenza reported in Washington in 2025


OLYMPIA – A Grays Harbor County resident has tested preliminarily positive for avian influenza, also known as bird flu. Confirmatory testing through the Washington State Public Health Laboratories is pending.

Health officials are working to determine the potential sources of the infection, including contact with wild or domestic birds

The person, who is an older adult with underlying health conditions, developed a high fever, confusion, and respiratory distress and was hospitalized in early November. 

They are currently receiving treatment in King County after previously being treated in Thurston and Grays Harbor counties.

Public health disease experts have not identified any risk to the public. The Washington State Department of Health is working with the local health departments and healthcare facilities to support the investigation.


About Avian Influenza

Avian influenza is a disease caused by influenza type A viruses, which naturally occur in wild aquatic birds around the world. These viruses can infect other bird species, and, occasionally mammals, and can be deadly to domestic birds such as chickens and turkeys. On rare occasions, avian influenza viruses can infect people and make them sick. Most cases have occurred in people who were exposed to sick or infected animals. Reported human cases of avian influenza in the United States have typically been mild, with symptoms such as conjunctivitis (red eyes), fever, and respiratory symptoms. 

The risk of avian influenza increases in the fall and winter because migratory birds can carry the virus and spread it to domestic animals including commercial poultry farms and backyard flocks.

Transmission of avian influenza between humans is extremely rare and has never been documented in the United States. To ensure that human-to-human spread is not occurring, public health officials are contacting anyone who has been in close contact with the patient to monitor for symptoms and provide testing and treatment as needed.


Public Health Guidance

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently considers the risk to the public from avian influenza to be low. However, people who work with or have recreational contact with infected birds, cattle, or other potentially infected domestic or wild animals, are at higher risk and should take precautions, including wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, eye protection, and fluid-resistant coveralls or other outerwear.

People with backyard poultry should avoid contact with  sick or dead birds and report illness to the Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) by calling 1-800-606-3056 or reporting online. Veterinarians should report sick or dead domestic animals or livestock suspected of having avian influenza to WSDA. Avoid contact with sick or dead wildlife and report sick or dead wild birds or other animals to the Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife.  Never handle or allow pets near dead birds or other wildlife.

Avoid eating raw or undercooked food products, such as unpasteurized (raw) milk or raw cheeses, and don’t feed these products to pets.

It is especially important that people who may have exposure to sick birds get a seasonal flu vaccine. While the seasonal flu vaccine will not prevent bird flu infection, it reduces the risk of becoming sick with both human and avian influenza viruses at the same time. Seasonal flu vaccine is recommended for everyone six months and older.

Our website is your source for a healthy dose of information. Get updates by following us on social media. 


###

Source: Department of Health, State of Washington, https://doh.wa.gov/newsroom/grays-harbor-county-resident-tests-preliminarily-positive-avian-influenza

____

Thursday, November 13, 2025

#Epidemiological and #virological #update on the emerging #SARS-CoV-2 #variant BA.3.2

 


{Excerpt}

The constant emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has driven the COVID-19 pandemic and sustains the current endemic. Saltation variants, such as BA.2.86,1 encode highly mutated spike (S) proteins that efficiently evade neutralising antibodies. In November, 2024, a potential saltation variant, BA.3.2, was detected in South Africa but its spread remained uncertain. Early studies on BA.3.2 did not include comparisons among its subvariants or with dominant variants NB.1.8.1 and XFG.2,3 Moreover, the effect of the often overlooked S protein insertion of Ala-Ser-Asp-Thr at position 214 remained unexamined. In this Correspondence, we provide an epidemiological and virological update on BA.3.2, with the use of BA.3 (parental lineage) and NB.1.8.1 and XFG (currently prevalent) as references.

(...)


____

#Poland - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 


A Slaughter geese operation in Mazowieckie Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7008

____

Wednesday, November 12, 2025

#Evolution of #antibody cross-reactivity to #influenza #H5N1 #neuraminidase from an N2-specific germline

 


Highlights

• Human antibody HB420 cross-reacts with neuraminidases from H3N2 and H5N1

• HB420 engages the neuraminidase active site via a single Asp residue

• Germline HB420 is N2 specific but gains reactivity to N1 through somatic mutation

• HB420 provides in vivo protection against both H3N2 and H5N1


Summary

The ongoing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in animals and its occasional spillover to humans have raised concerns about a potential H5N1 pandemic. Although recent studies have shown that pre-existing human antibodies can recognize H5N1 neuraminidase, the molecular basis of how this cross-reactivity develops remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a phage display antibody library derived from 245 healthy donors to isolate an antibody, HB420, that cross-reacts with neuraminidases of human H3N2 and avian H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and confers protection in vivo. Cryogenic electron microscopy analysis reveals that HB420 targets the neuraminidase active site by mimicking sialic acid binding through a single Asp residue. Furthermore, the inferred germline of HB420 is N2 specific but acquires cross-reactivity to H5N1 neuraminidase through somatic hypermutation. Overall, our findings provide insights into how neuraminidase antibody evolves breadth, which has important implications for the development of broadly protective influenza vaccines.

Source: Cell Host & Microbe, https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/abstract/S1931-3128(25)00381-6?rss=yes

____

My New Space

Most Popular Posts