{Excerpt}
(...)
Avian influenza A(H9N2):
-- Italy, Lombardy:
1) An individual with co-existing medical conditions returning from a non-European country.
- This is the first human case of avian influenza A(H9N2) reported in Europe.
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2026_avian_influenza_report_vol22_wk13.pdf
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
On 26 March 2026, an outbreak investigation team visited a backyard farm following reports of illness and mortality suspected to be caused by Avian Influenza (AI). A total of five samples (three chickens and two ducks) were collected and submitted to NAHPRI/GDAHP for testing of Avian Influenza (H5N1). On 27 March 2026, laboratory results confirmed that three out of five samples (two chickens and one duck) tested positive for Avian Influenza (H5N1). Additionally, in the same area, one human case of Avian Influenza (H5N1) was confirmed by the Ministry of Health on 31 March 2026.
Source:
Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7409
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
Accurate confirmation of Ebola vaccination (ERVEBO) is essential for interpreting serologic data and assessing vaccine coverage during Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks. Current GP1,2-based assays cannot reliably distinguish vaccine-induced immunity from responses generated by natural infection. We developed a multiplex Luminex assay incorporating EBOV GP1,2, secreted glycoprotein (sGP), and a modified vesicular stomatitis virus nucleoprotein (VSV-P-N), a vector antigen encoded by ERVEBO but absent from wild-type EBOV. By using samples from US vaccinees and controls and a small comparison set from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we found sGP and VSV-P-N demonstrated 100% sensitivity and >97.6% specificity for identifying vaccinees. In samples collected after a ring vaccination campaign in Guinea, combined sGP and VSV-P-N positivity confirmed vaccination in 94.8% of persons with written and 90.8% of persons with verbal confirmation of vaccination history. Our findings show that sGP and VSV-P-N provide a reliable signature of ERVEBO vaccination and support improved Ebola surveillance.
Source:
Link: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/4/25-1906_article
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Key Points
-- Question: Is initiation of antiviral chemoprophylaxis with oseltamivir for 70% or more of eligible nursing home (NH) residents within 2 days of outbreak detection associated with lower 14-day and 30-day mortality and hospitalization compared with a nonintensive approach?
-- Findings: In this cohort study of 404 influenza outbreaks across 318 NHs with 35 086 resident-trial observations using a sequential target trial emulation and the randomize-censor-weight approach, hospitalization but not death was lower at 14 days post outbreak in NHs that implemented intensive antiviral chemoprophylaxis; 30-day estimates were directionally similar but less precise.
-- Meaning: Results of this study suggest that clinicians should promptly initiate antiviral chemoprophylaxis in at least 70% of NH residents within 2 days of an influenza outbreak to markedly reduce influenza-related hospitalizations.
Abstract
Importance
Influenza outbreaks in nursing homes (NHs) can cause high morbidity and mortality. Antiviral chemoprophylaxis with oseltamivir is recommended, yet optimal implementation strategies remain unclear.
Objective
To examine whether initiating antiviral chemoprophylaxis for 70% or more of eligible NH residents within 2 days of influenza outbreak detection is associated with lower all-cause mortality and hospitalization at 14 and 30 days.
Design, Setting, and Participants
Retrospective cohort study using a sequential cluster-randomized target trial emulation and randomize-censor-weight approach for influenza outbreaks (September 1, 2018–May 31, 2022) in 12 US NH corporations. Eligibility criteria were age 18 years or older, present on the outbreak-detection day, no antiviral use in the preceding 7 days, no influenza in the past 14 days, and complete baseline data. Residents were followed up until hospitalization or death, an NH discharge to a nonacute-care location, or the end of follow-up. Data were analyzed from February 2023 to January 2026.
Exposures
Intensive antiviral chemoprophylaxis with oseltamivir (≥70% of eligible residents within 2 days of outbreak detection) or nonintensive antiviral chemoprophylaxis (0% to <70% of eligible residents).
Main Outcomes and Measures
Outcomes were all-cause death and hospitalizations within 14 and 30 days of outbreak detection. Discrete-time hazard models with pooled logistic regression were applied to estimate weighted risks, risk differences (RDs), and risk ratios (RRs).
Results
Among 404 outbreaks in 318 NHs, 35 086 resident-trial observations (29 683 residents; median age 78 [IQR, 68- 86] years; 60% women; 81% White; 76% vaccinated) met eligibility criteria. Intensive oseltamivir prophylaxis was randomized to 17 155 observations; 17 931 were randomized to nonintensive care. At 14 days, intensive prophylaxis vs nonintensive yielded an RD of –0.06% (95% CI, −0.73% to 0.93%) and an RR of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.56-1.57) for death, and an RD of –0.96% (95% CI, −1.78% to −0.19%) and an RR of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64-0.96) for hospitalization. At 30 days, the hospitalization differences persisted but were less precise and there continued to be no difference in death.
Conclusions and Relevance
Study results suggest that clinicians should initiate antiviral chemoprophylaxis for at least 70% of eligible NH residents within 2 days of outbreak detection to lower risk of hospitalization.
Source:
Link: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2846967
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
Background
In the Amazonian region, vampire bats are the primary reservoir of rabies virus, causing sporadic and lethal human rabies cases that often remain unnoticed. Managing human cases in this region is challenging and further complicated by atypical clinical forms and the potential exposure to various toxic compounds, particularly among gold miners.
Methods
We carried out clinical, electrical, biological and histological analysis of concurrent cases of progressive motor neuronopathy and fatal encephalitis in a context of regular exposure to bat bites of gold miners living in a small and remote gold mine camp in Amazonia, in French Guiana, South America.
Findings
We analyzed a spatio-temporal cluster of three suspected rabies cases in 2024 with a fatal outcome, with concomitant onset of acute bilateral lower-limb paralysis without demyelination, two of which occurred presumably two weeks after a bat-bite. Electroneuromyography suggested the involvement of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, as described in furious forms of rabies. None of the cases exhibited other cardinal signs of the furious form. Confirmation of rabies was obtained for them on sera and brain biopsies collected ante- and post-mortem respectively.
Interpretation
The concurrent occurrence of disease, the axonal motor neuropathy mimicking the motor form of Guillain Barré syndrome in the context of paralytic rabies, lead to diagnostic-wandering. This underscores the importance of thinking about vampire bat rabies virus in the presence of any atypical neurological picture in patients living in exposed areas in Latin America.
Source:
Link: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0014149
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to increased risk of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, by leveraging a fine-tuned foundation model of single-cell transcriptomics, we uncover shared transcriptional signatures between PM2.5 exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further validate this association using population-level epidemiological analyses and perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants that modulate infection risk under PM2.5 exposure. In addition, we identify NPC1 as a key modulator involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection efficiency under virus-laden PM2.5 exposure through integrative functional genomic analyses and in vitro experiments. Our findings suggest that PM2.5 facilitates viral entry through an NPC1-modulated endo-lysosomal pathway, providing a mechanistic explanation for observed pollution-related susceptibility. By integrating artificial intelligence (AI)-guided transcriptomics, epidemiology, GWAS, functional genomics, and in vitro verification, our study elucidates how environmental and genetic factors jointly influence SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. This work highlights how AI-assisted multi-omics integration systematically decodes the health impacts of environmental exposures from molecular to population levels and informs air quality policy and infectious disease preparedness.
Source:
Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-71196-3
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
Influenza viruses present a significant public health risk, causing substantial illness and death in humans each year. Seasonal flu vaccines must be updated regularly, and their effectiveness often decreases due to mismatches with circulating strains. Furthermore, inactivated vaccines do not provide protection against shifted influenza viruses that have the potential to cause a pandemic. The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b is prevalent among wild birds worldwide and is causing a multi-state outbreak affecting poultry and dairy cows in the United States (US) since March 2024. In this study, we have generated a NS1 deficient mutant of a low pathogenic version of the cattle-origin human influenza A/Texas/37/2024 H5N1, namely LPhTXdNS1, and validated its safety, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy in a prime vaccination regimen against wild-type (WT) A/Texas/37/2024 H5N1. The attenuation of LPhTXdNS1 in vitro was confirmed by its reduced replication in cultured cells and inability to control IFNβ promoter activation. In C57BL/6J mice, LPhTXdNS1 has reduced viral replication and pathogenicity compared to WT A/Texas/37/2024 H5N1. Notably, LPhTXdNS1 vaccinated mice exhibited high immunogenicity that reach its peak at weeks 3 and 4 post-immunization, leading to robust protection against subsequent lethal challenge with WT A/Texas/37/2024 H5N1. Altogether, we demonstrate that a single dose vaccination with LPhTXdNS1 is safe and able to induce protective immune responses against H5N1. Both safety profile and protection immunity suggest that LPhTXdNS1 holds promise as a potential solution to address the urgent need for an effective vaccine in the event of a pandemic for the treatment of infected animals and humans.
Competing Interest Statement
The A.G.-S. laboratory has received research support from GSK, Pfizer, Senhwa Biosciences, Kenall Manufacturing, Blade Therapeutics, Avimex, Johnson & Johnson, Dynavax, 7Hills Pharma, Pharmamar, ImmunityBio, Accurius, Nanocomposix, Hexamer, N-fold LLC, Model Medicines, Atea Pharma, Applied Biological Laboratories and Merck. A.G.-S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Castlevax, Amovir, Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, CureLab Oncology, CureLab Veterinary, Synairgen, Paratus, Pfizer and Prosetta. A.G.-S. has been an invited speaker in meeting events organized by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott, Astrazeneca and NovavaxA.G.-S. is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. All other authors declare no commercial or financial conflict of interest.
Source:
Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.28.646033v2
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Public Domain.
Source:
Link: https://www.wikiart.org/en/winslow-homer/breezing-up-a-fair-wind-1876
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
ABSTRACT
Immunocompromised patients are at risk of developing severe influenza, with protracted viral shedding and development of resistance-associated mutations under antiviral treatment. We report a case series of severely immunocompromised hematology patients, including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients, treated with both baloxavir and oseltamivir and describe clinical and virological outcomes and the safety profile of prolonged combination therapy. Allogeneic HCT recipients with influenza infection treated with baloxavir were retrieved via institutional databases. All hospitalized allogeneic HCT patients treated with a combination therapy of baloxavir and oseltamivir over five influenza seasons between October 2019 and May 2025 were included. Six influenza-infected hematology patients (5/6 allogeneic HCT recipients) were treated with combination therapy of oseltamivir and baloxavir. All patients presented with lower respiratory tract infections. Oseltamivir treatment duration ranged from 5 to 31 days, and the number of administered baloxavir doses ranged between one and five. Baloxavir administration was well tolerated, and no adverse events could be attributed to the administered antiviral treatment. All-cause mortality at 3 months post-infection was 66% (4/6), mainly driven by underlying disease. In two patients with protracted shedding, combination therapy did not prevent the development of resistance mutation(s). Combination treatment with prolonged courses of oseltamivir and repeated doses of baloxavir was well tolerated. No definitive conclusions on the efficacy of this approach could be drawn from this study. More data are required on the best treatment of hematology patients infected with influenza.
Source:
Link: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.01659-25
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
.jpg)
By Harold - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10217313
Source:
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czech_locomotive_classes
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Emerg Infect Dis
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
Hendra virus (HeV) emerged in Australia in 1994, causing a devastating outbreak among horses in Brisbane with spread to humans, resulting in one death. This nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and represents the first zoonotic paramyxovirus isolated from bats. Flying foxes (genus Pteropus) serve as the natural reservoir, with all four mainland Australian species carrying antibodies with no apparent disease. HeV initiates infection by binding ephrin-B2 receptors on vascular endothelial cells, driving characteristic pathology involving vasculitis, thrombosis, and neurological complications. Horses are amplifying hosts, shedding virus abundantly in respiratory secretions and posing transmission risks to humans during invasive procedures. To date, seven confirmed human infections have been documented, with a 57% fatality rate, presenting as severe respiratory disease or progressive encephalitis. Two genetic variants are now recognized: the original HeV genotype 1 and the emerging HeV genotype 2, identified in limited equine cases. Recent surveillance of bat roosts revealed substantial viral diversity, with peak shedding occurring during winter—coinciding with equine spillover peaks. Prevention integrates multiple strategies: the licensed equine vaccine Equivac which provides One Health protection for both horses and human contacts; biosecurity measures including proper PPE; and habitat restoration to reduce nutritional stress in bat populations. Emerging therapeutics include monoclonal antibodies, with m102.4 showing cross-protective activity against both HeV and the closely related Nipah virus. No licensed human vaccines currently exist, though candidates are in development. Future prevention strategies increasingly recognize the importance of Indigenous-led conservation approaches alongside biomedical interventions. This review will focus on the history of HeV, virus replication and diversity, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, as well as ecological and interdisciplinary countermeasures.
Author summary
Hendra virus (HeV) was first detected in 1994, with two outbreaks occurring within 2 months of that year. One was the index outbreak in the Brisbane suburb of Hendra, and the other was retrospectively diagnosed in the following year. This review examines the discoveries that have been made in the 30 years since its discovery.
Source:
Link: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0014138
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Excerpt}
(...)
Time Period: March 15, 2026 - March 21, 2026
-- H5 Detection: 9 site(s) (2.0%)
-- No Detection: 436 site(s) (98.0%)
-- No samples in last week: 130 site(s)
(...)
Source:
Link: https://www.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/wwd-h5.html
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
{Excerpt}
(...)
Daily case figures
-- The number of confirmed and probable cases can change when:
- a case is laboratory confirmed
- when the clinical assessment changes, including when new laboratory results are available
- when further epidemiological information is available
-- The figures in Table 1 cannot be used to identify the number of new confirmed or probable cases from one day to the next. This also applies to total cases.
Table 1. Cases of invasive meningococcal disease linked to Canterbury, Kent by day from 16 March 2026
[Date - Total outbreak confirmed cases - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases (subset of total outbreak confirmed cases) - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases with outbreak strain (subset of outbreak confirmed MenB cases) - Outbreak probable cases - Total outbreak cases]
* 26 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 1 - 21
* 25 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22
* 24 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22
* 23 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 3 - 23
* 22 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29
* 21 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29
* 20 March 2026 - 23 - 18 - [note 1] - 11 - 34
* 19 March 2026 - 18 - 13 - [note 1] - 11 - 29
* 18 March 2026 - 15 - 9 - [note 1] - 12 - 27
* 17 March 2026 - 9 - 6 - [note 1] - 11 - 20
* 16 March 2026 - [note 1] - 4 - [note 1] - [note 1] - 1
__
Note 1: Information not reported
Note 2: A case initially classified as a confirmed case may be reclassified or discarded when further laboratory results and clinical information is available. This applies to situations where:
- further testing (including results from specialist reference laboratories) rules out meningococcal disease
and
- there is an alternative diagnosis or where the clinical picture is no longer consistent with meningococcal infection
__
Note: The case numbers presented in Table 1 were confirmed at specific times of day for each of the releases: 16 March 2026 verified at 5:00pm, 17 March 2026 verified at 3:00pm, 18 March 2026 onwards verified at 12:30pm.
-- There have been 2 deaths since the start of the incident.
(...)
Source:
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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Two wild Canada Geese in the Lounais-Suomen aluehallintovirasto Region.
Source:
Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7401
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Abstract
Introduction:
Influenza H1N1 virus is one of the most prevalent subtypes among influenza viruses, and co-infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is frequently documented in clinical respiratory infections. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying the temporal sequence of H1N1-Mp co-infection remain poorly characterized, and relevant animal models are lacking.
Methods:
In this study, we established a model of influenza H1N1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection in Syrian hamsters and infected two pathogens in interval of 72 hours. Clinical manifestations, body temperature, body weight, pathogen loads in nasal, pharyngeal, and anal swabs, as well as blood cytokine profiles were dynamically monitored over 14 days post-infection (dpi). Additionally, tissue pathogen loads, histopathological changes, routine blood parameters, and blood biochemistry indicators were evaluated at 7 and 14 dpi.
Results:
The results demonstrated that hamsters first infected with H1N1 followed by Mp (F-M group) exhibited significantly more severe histopathological lesions (assessed by HE staining), higher pathogen loads, and dysregulated cytokine responses compared to other infection groups.
Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the critical role of infection order in determining the severity of H1N1-Mp co-infection, providing novel insights into the temporal dynamics and pathogenic mechanisms of respiratory co-infections.
Source:
Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1787294/full
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.3.2 descends from BA.3. It emerged two years after BA.3 ceased to circulate and differs by 39 spike mutations from BA.3. Similar to BA.2.86, which circulated at low levels before giving rise to JN.1, BA.3.2 shows a low but persistent circulation globally. Here, we characterize the phylogenetic origin, infection in cell culture, and neutralization of BA.3.2 using live virus and blood plasma samples collected in South Africa at different stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Like the Omicron BA.2.86 subvariant, we find that BA.3.2 likely emerged in Southern Africa. We also find that an 871 bp deletion removed ORF7 and ORF8. In H1299-ACE2 cells, BA.3.2 has lower cytotoxicity measured as plaque area compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 but similar to the co-circulating LP.8.1 Omicron subvariant with which it also shares similar replication and infection focus size. BA.3.2 and LP.8.1 exhibit complete escape from neutralization from pre-Omicron collected plasma samples, have low levels of neutralization by plasma collected in 2024, and higher neutralization by plasma collected in 2025, with BA.3.2 showing moderately lower neutralization than LP.8.1. The emergence of long branch subvariants like BA.3.2 without intermediates likely indicates that unmonitored persistent infections continue to drive large evolutionary shifts in this virus.
Source:
Link: https://academic.oup.com/ve/article/12/1/veag011/8490867
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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Highlights
• Transmission of mpox continues mostly within sexual networks, affecting both women and men, followed by household transmission, and in some historically endemic areas, affecting all age groups.
- All clades of monkeypox virus (MPXV) continue to circulate.
- Unless mpox outbreaks are rapidly contained and human-to-human transmission is interrupted, there is a risk of sustained community transmission in all settings.
• In February 2026, 46 countries across all WHO regions reported a total of 1184 confirmed mpox cases, including four deaths (case fatality ratio [CFR] 0.3%).
- Of these cases, 58.6% were reported in the WHO African Region.
• Four WHO regions – the Region of the Americas and the African, South-East Asian and Western Pacific regions – reported a decline in confirmed cases in February, compared to January 2026, while the European Region reported an increase in confirmed cases.
- The Eastern Mediterranean Region reported the same monthly case count in January and February 2026.
• Seventeen countries in Africa reported active transmission of mpox in the last six weeks (1 February – 15 March 2026), with 907 confirmed cases, including seven deaths (CFR 0.8%).
- Countries reporting the highest number of cases in this period are Madagascar, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Burundi, and Liberia.
• Three countries, Argentina, Austria, and the Central African Republic, have reported mpox due to clade Ib MPXV for the first time.
• Outside Africa, community transmission of clade Ib MPXV continues in the WHO European Region, with Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland reporting community transmission, including in sexual networks of men who have sex with men.
• This report provides an update on mpox outbreak transmission dynamics across different clades and settings.
• On 7 April 2026, World Health Day, WHO will join a One Health summit convened by the Government of France.
- The Summit will foster international and interdisciplinary dialogue to highlight the interdependence of human, animal, plant and ecosystem health, and the need for coordinated, science-based approaches to address shared health threats, including for emergency response.
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Source:
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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Daily case figures
-- The number of confirmed and probable cases can change when:
- a case is laboratory confirmed
- when the clinical assessment changes, including when new laboratory results are available
- when further epidemiological information is available
-- The figures in Table 1 cannot be used to identify the number of new confirmed or probable cases from one day to the next. This also applies to total cases.
Table 1. Cases of invasive meningococcal disease linked to Canterbury, Kent by day from 16 March 2026
[Date - Total outbreak confirmed cases - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases (subset of total outbreak confirmed cases) - Outbreak confirmed MenB cases with outbreak strain (subset of outbreak confirmed MenB cases) - Outbreak probable cases - Total outbreak cases]
* 25 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22
* 24 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 2 - 22
* 23 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 20 - 17 - 3 - 23
* 22 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29
* 21 March 2026 - 20 [note 2] - 19 - [note 1] - 9 - 29
* 20 March 2026 - 23 - 18 - [note 1] - 11 - 34
* 19 March 2026 - 18 - 13 - [note 1] - 11 - 29
* 18 March 2026 - 15 - 9 - [note 1] - 12 - 27
* 17 March 2026 - 9 - 6 - [note 1] - 11 - 20
* 16 March 2026 - [note 1] - 4 - [note 1] - [note 1] - 1
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Note 1: Information not reported
Note 2: A case initially classified as a confirmed case may be reclassified or discarded when further laboratory results and clinical information is available. This applies to situations where:
- further testing (including results from specialist reference laboratories) rules out meningococcal disease
and
- there is an alternative diagnosis or where the clinical picture is no longer consistent with meningococcal infection
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Note: The case numbers presented in Table 1 were confirmed at specific times of day for each of the releases: 16 March 2026 verified at 5:00pm, 17 March 2026 verified at 3:00pm, 18 March 2026 onwards verified at 12:30pm.
-- There have been 2 deaths since the start of the incident.
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Source:
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
