Toward #medical #countermeasures against #hantaviruses

 

Abstract

Hantaviruses are zoonotic threats that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and severe cardiopulmonary syndrome. Despite disease severity, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics available for the prevention or management of hantavirus infections. Here, we discuss advances in the development of vaccines, neutralizing antibodies, and small-molecule antiviral therapeutics.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2026.08.002

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Of Mice and Men: #Updates on #Hantavirus Disease and #Diagnostics

 

Abstract

Hantaviruses are a diverse and widespread group of zoonotic viruses under the Orthohantavirus genus that can cause severe acute cardiopulmonary or renal disease. Hantavirus species are grouped generally as either New World or Old World based on geographic distribution, which is influenced by their respective host reservoir including rodents. Although there is no specific treatment for hantaviruses, recognizing clinical presentation and interpreting laboratory results for case identification can improve patient management. Here we review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic testing options for hantavirus infection.

Source: 

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386653226000843?dgcid=rss_sd_all

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#Neurological Manifestations of #Hantavirus Infection - A Review

 

Abstract

Importance  

Hantaviruses have caused several recent human disease outbreaks. They carry a high mortality rate, and some species can spread from person to person although they are typically spread from rodents to humans. Neurological complications have been documented but are poorly understood.

Observations

Broadly, 2 types of syndromes have been associated with hantaviruses. The pulmonary syndrome carries a high mortality rate and can result in pulmonary and cardiac failure. Neurological involvement is typically secondary to hypoxic and ischemic injury or metabolic dysfunction. Another manifestation of the infection that is associated with some species of the virus is termed hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Some patients may develop a meningoencephalitis or pituitary apoplexy resulting in sudden visual loss and pituitary dysfunction. Rarely, seizures, myelitis, and peripheral neuropathy may occur. Although there are no specific antiviral drugs approved for treatment of hantavirus, there are several that showed efficacy in preclinical trials. Management is supportive care and treatment of symptoms.

Conclusions and Relevance  

Neurological manifestations of hantavirus infection are uncommon but can be severe. Prospective studies and experimental models are needed to better characterize these manifestations, understand pathophysiology, identify therapeutic targets, and develop guidelines for management.

Source: 

Link: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2851731

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Potent In Vitro #Antiviral Activity of 4'-Fluorouridine Against Diverse #Orthohantaviruses including #Andes Virus

 

Highlights:

    • 4′-fluorouridine exhibits broad-spectrum activity against 16 orthohantaviruses.

    • The compound inhibits hantavirus replication by targeting the viral polymerase.

    • Efficacy is maintained in human endothelial and airway epithelial cells.

Abstract

Hantaviruses are emerging pathogens responsible for severe and often fatal diseases, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), for which no FDA-approved antivirals currently exist. Using a Seoul virus minigenome system, we first confirmed that the ribonucleoside analog 4’-fluorouridine (EIDD-2749) effectively targets the hantavirus polymerase complex, inhibiting viral RNA transcription and replication. We subsequently evaluated its antiviral activity against a comprehensive panel of 16 hantaviruses representing both Old and New World lineages including both the Chilean and Argentinian strains of Andes virus. 4’-fluorouridine demonstrated potent, dose-dependent inhibition across all viruses tested, with EC50 values uniformly in the low- to sub-micromolar range. Collectively, these findings establish 4’-fluorouridine as a highly potent, pan-hantavirus inhibitor and a promising candidate for further preclinical development.

Source: 

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166354226001269?via%3Dihub

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#Hantavirus #infections: an emerging zoonotic #threat in the context of #ecological change

 

{Extract}

Dear Editor,

Hantaviruses, belonging to the family Hantaviridae, are increasingly recognized as significant zoonotic pathogens responsible for severe human diseases, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Although traditionally considered geographically confined, recent epidemiological data indicate a gradual expansion in the incidence and geographic distribution of hantavirus infections, raising concerns regarding their re-emergence as a global public health threat [1,2]. 

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297526000673?via%3Dihub

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One new confirmed case of {Old World} #Hantavirus syndrome has been reported in #Taiwan (CDC, May 19 '26)

 

    The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) announced today (April 19) one new case of Hantavirus syndrome. 

    The case is a man in his 40s from northern Taiwan who has no recent travel history to domestic or international destinations and no history of chronic diseases. 

    On April 7, he was bitten by a rat at work and went to the emergency room to have his wound cleaned and receive a tetanus shot. 

    On May 2, he began to experience fever, chills, and weakness in his limbs and went to a clinic for treatment. 

    Subsequently, due to the lack of improvement in his symptoms, he went to the emergency room of a hospital and was admitted to the hospital. 

    After being reported and tested, he was diagnosed with Hantavirus syndrome. 

    There are 11 people who lived with him and worked with him, none of whom showed any suspected symptoms. 

    Health authorities have carried out health monitoring of contacts, epidemic investigation, and health education and other prevention and control work, and have conducted rat trapping operations at the case's residence and workplace.

    According to the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC), there have been 3 confirmed cases of Hantavirus syndrome in Taiwan this year (2026), a number comparable to the 2-3 cases reported during the same period in the past four years (2022-2025). Since 2017, there have been a total of 46 cases, with 31 males (67.4%) and 31 cases (67.4%) aged 40 and above.

    The CDC stated that Hantavirus syndrome is a zoonotic infectious disease. In nature, rodents are the primary hosts. Humans are at risk of infection through inhalation or contact with dust or objects contaminated by the excrement or secretions (including feces, urine, and saliva) of rodents carrying the Hantavirus, or through bites from infected rodents.

    The CDC urges the public to implement measures to prevent rodents from entering, living in, or eating their food, as this is the most effective way to prevent Hantavirus infection. The public should be aware of potential rodent entry points in their environment, properly dispose of kitchen waste and pet food, and regularly clean their surroundings. When cleaning your home, inside and out, if you find rodent droppings, take appropriate personal protective measures, including wearing a mask, plastic or rubber gloves, and opening doors and windows. Sprinkle diluted bleach (1 part commercially available bleach + 9 parts water) onto the potentially contaminated area and allow it to disinfect for 5 minutes before cleaning. To prevent the spread of the virus through the air, use disposable paper towels, rags, or old newspapers to clean up the mess, then seal them in garbage bags before disposal. 

    For related information, please visit the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website (https://www.cdc.gov.tw) or call the toll-free epidemic prevention hotline 1922 (or 0800-001922).

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/keNVcZqUvZvihL8j2hOBrQ?typeid=9

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The #Coinfection of #Bartonella spp. and #Hantavirus in Wild #Rodent and #Shrew Species in Eastern #China

 

Abstract

Background:

Bartonella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that cause diseases including endocarditis, lymphadenopathy, and neuroretinitis. Hantavirus (HV), belonging to the family Hantaviridae, induces illnesses such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Both pathogens exhibit host specificity—defined as a preference or restriction to specific host species or ranges. Rodents and shrews are primary hosts for these pathogens, and their high coinfection rates often indicate elevated risk of human exposure. To our knowledge, however, data on Bartonella spp.–HV coinfection in rodents and shrews from Eastern China remain limited.

Materials and Methods:

Between 2020 and 2023, rodents (n = 311) and shrews (n = 16) were investigated for coinfection with Bartonella spp. and HV in Qingdao, eastern China. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of HV and the Internal Transcribed Spacer, citrate synthase (gltA) and RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) genes of Bartonella spp.

Results:

The overall infection rates of Bartonella spp., HV, and coinfection were 21.4%, 6.7%, and 4.0%, respectively. The highest rates were observed in Apodemus agrarius (53.8%, 21.3%, and 15.0%). Coinfection rates differed significantly by species (p < 0.05), with A. agrarius exhibiting the highest rate (15.0%). Notably, the coinfection rate was significantly higher in male (28.9%) than female A. agrarius (7.1%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This study confirms the coinfection of Bartonella spp. and HV in rodents in the eastern region of China. Enhanced monitoring of rodent and shrew densities, as well as their carried pathogens, is essential. Additionally, timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment should be conducted for high-risk populations in the region to reduce the incidence of related zoonoses.

Source: 

Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15303667261448824

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