#Influenza virus characteristics, week 40 2025 to week 33 2026, #EU/EEA (ECDC, Nov. 6 '26)

 

{Summary}

Surveillance and monitoring | 6 November 2026

This report summarises influenza virological surveillance data from all 30  European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries from week 40  2025 to week 33 2026, as reported by National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) to  The European Surveillance System (TESSy) at the European Centre for Disease  Prevention and Control.

Executive summary

Detections

    Within the reporting period, 256 967 influenza virus detections (sentinel and non-sentinel combined) were reported, of which 249 514 (97.1 %) were type A and 3 292 (1.3 %) were type B viruses; another 4 161 viruses were reported untyped. 

    Of the 56 946 subtyped influenza A viruses (23 % of type A viruses), 20 072 (35 %) were A(H1)pdm09 and 36 874 (65 %) were A(H3). 

    Of the 3 292 reported influenza type B viruses, the lineage for 372 (11 %) was determined as all falling into the B/Victoria/2/87-lineage (B/Victoria).

A(H1N1)pdm09

    For A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, 25 countries reported 6 636 haemagglutinin (HA) sequences. 

    Of all A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, the majority belonged to clade 5a.2a.1, newly emerged subclade D.3.1.1 (6 270, 95 %), defined by HA substitutions R113K, A139D, E283K and K302E and which was not represented by any reporting category or reference strain defined for this season. 

    Within the genetic diversification of 5a.2a.1 clade, 340 (5 %) viruses belonged to subclade D.3.1, carrying HA substitutions T216A, T120A, I372V, I460T, V520A and was represented by A/Missouri/11/2025 egg- and cell-based vaccine strains for northern hemisphere 2026-2027 influenza season.

    Among the 838 antigenically characterised A(H1)pdm09 viruses, the main reported categories were A/Missouri/11/2025-like, clade 5a.2a.1(D.3.1) and A/Victoria/4897/2022-like, clade 5a.2a.1(D), representing 44.2 % and 51.1 %, respectively.

    In total, 6 612 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were assessed for antiviral susceptibility to oseltamivir and/or zanamivir and/or baloxavir marboxil by 25 countries. 

    Phenotypically assessed reduced and highly reduced inhibition by Oseltamivir was observed for ten (2.3 %) and three (0.7 %) of the 437 tested A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. 

    Genetic substitutions associated with reduced and highly reduced inhibition by Oseltamivir were observed for 147 (2.4 %, associated with neuraminidase (NA) gene substitutions I223V and S247N mainly, or NA_I223M/T or NA_S247R) and 15 (0.2 %, associated with NA_H275Y or NA_N295S) of the 6 088 assessed viruses, respectively. 

    For Zanamivir, substitutions associated with reduced and highly reduced inhibition were observed for one (<0.1 %, associated with NA_S247R) and one (<0.1%, associated with NA_Q136K) of the 6 089 assessed viruses, respectively. 

    Out of the 4 020 assessed A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses for baloxavir marboxil, substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility were observed for four (0.1 %, associated with polymerase acidic (PA) protein gene substitutions E23G or PA_A37T or PA_E199G/K) viruses.

A(H3N2)

    For A(H3N2) viruses, 25 countries reported 9 538 HA sequences. 

    All A(H3) HA sequences fell into clade 2a.3a.1 and there to seven different subclades. 

    Most viruses (8 808, 92%) fell into newly emerged subclade K (former J.2.4.1) characterised by K2N, S144N (a potential addition of an N-glycosylation site), N158D, I160K, Q173R, T328A and S378N and represented by A/Norway/8765/2025. 

    The remaining 719 A(H3N2) viruses belonged to subclades J.2 (83, 0.9%; which is the NH 2025-26 season vaccine strain represented by A/Croatia/10136RV/2023), J.2.2 (47, 0.5%), J.2.3 (235, 2.5%), J.2.4 (47, 0.5%) and J.2.4.2 (307, 3.2%).

    Among the 1 137 antigenically characterised A(H3) viruses, the main reported categories were A/Croatia/10136RV/2023-like, subclade J.2, A/Singapore/GP20238/2024-like, subclade J.2.4 and A/Norway/8765/2025-like, subclade K, representing 43.3 %, 34.7 % and 10.6 %, respectively.

    In total, 9 441 A(H3N2) viruses were assessed for antiviral susceptibility to oseltamivir and/or zanamivir and/or baloxavir marboxil by 25 countries. 

    Phenotypically assessed reduced inhibition to Oseltamivir was observed for one (0.2%) of the 505 tested A(H3N2), and reduced inhibition to Zanamivir was observed for one (0.2%) of 491 tested A(H3N2) viruses. 

    Genetic substitutions associated with reduced and highly reduced inhibition by Oseltamivir were observed for 19 (0.2%, associated with NA_S331R mainly or NA_K249E or NA_N329R) and three (<0.1%, associated with NA_E119V or NA_del245-248/247-250), respectively, of the 8 869 viruses that could be assessed. 

    Reduced inhibition by Zanamivir was observed for 17 (0.2%, associated with NA_S331R mainly or NA_del245-248/247-250) among the 8 883 viruses that could be assessed. 

    Out of the 5 397 assessed A(H3N2) viruses, substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility for baloxavir marboxil were observed for seven (0.1%, associated with PA_I38L) A(H3N2) viruses.

B/Victoria

    For B/Victoria viruses, 14 countries reported 318 HA sequences. 

    The majority (288, 91%) of the viruses fell in the branch of subclade C.5 defined by D197E, compared with NH 2025-26 vaccine virus B/Austria/1359417/2021_Egg. 

    In that clade, the B/Victoria viruses fell into subclades C.5.6 (126, 40%), C.5.6.1 (89, 28%), C.5.1 (54, 17%) and C.5.7 (18, 6%). 

    Twenty-eight (9%) viruses represented the subclade C.3, where half of them belonged to subclade C.3.1 and half to C.3.3.

    The 21 antigenically characterised B/Victoria viruses were all reported as B/Austria/1359417/2021-like, subclade C.

    None of the 298 genotypically and 14 phenotypically tested B/Victoria viruses showed reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors or baloxavir marboxil (when 250 viruses were tested for baloxavir).

Source: European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/influenza-virus-characteristics-week-40-2025-week-33-2026-eueea

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#Threat #assessment brief – Importation of #Ebola disease cases caused by #Bundibugyo virus to #Kenya and #Nigeria – 23 October 2026 (ECDC, edited)

 

{Extract}

23 October 2026

Kenya and Nigeria have recently reported imported Ebola disease cases in their countries. In Kenya, the detection of an imported case was reported in Nairobi, where secondary cases were also reported. In Nigeria, a case in a person with travel history to Uganda was detected in Abuja. This has occurred in the context of the ongoing outbreak of Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and cases reported in Uganda this spring. 

    This Threat Assessment Brief assesses the risk for people from the EU/EEA living in or travelling to the newly affected areas, and the overall risk for the general EU/EEA population. It is intended for public health authorities in the EU/EEA.

Epidemiological situation

    On 20 October 2026, Nigeria reported one confirmed Ebola disease case caused by BDBV in a person who travelled from Uganda via an international flight on 3 October 2026. 

    Symptom onset was on 7 October and the person was admitted to hospital on 11 October. 

    The confirmation of Ebola disease caused by BDBV was made on 20 October. 

    Contact tracing is currently under way, with 44 contacts being followed up.

    As of 23 October 2026, Kenya has reported nine confirmed Ebola disease cases caused by BDBV, including one death. 

    The first individual, reported on 6 October, developed symptoms while in DRC and travelled to Kenya via Uganda on 3 October. 

    All eight secondary cases (four relatives and four healthcare workers) were linked to the first imported case and were in quarantine when they developed symptoms. 

    Contact tracing activities are ongoing in Kenya, with all listed contacts (135 people) being followed up as of 22 October 2026.

    As of 21 October 2026, 9 704 confirmed Ebola disease cases caused by BDBV, including 4 687 deaths, have been reported from eight provinces in DRC (data until 20 October 2026), where community transmission is still ongoing. 

    In Uganda, a total of 20 cases, including two deaths were reported since 15 May 2026. 

    The last confirmed case in Uganda was reported on 21 June 2026.

Risk assessment

    The likelihood of infection for people from the EU/EEA living in or travelling to affected areas in Kenya and Nigeria is assessed as low, providing they adhere to recommended precautionary measures. 

    Although infection with BDBV leads to severe disease at an individual level, the impact for people from the EU/EEA living in and travelling to affected areas in Kenya and Nigeria is considered low at the population level. 

    Therefore, overall, the current risk for people from the EU/EEA living or travelling to affected areas in Kenya and Nigeria is considered low.

    Based on the experience from the current and previous Ebola disease outbreaks in Africa, it is expected that the importation of cases to Europe will remain rare events and will mainly concern medical evacuations for treatment. 

    The likelihood of secondary transmission of BDBV and sustained transmission within the EU/EEA following an imported case is considered very low, as cases are likely to be promptly identified and isolated, and recommended control measures would be implemented. 

    The population-level public health impact in the EU/EEA is expected to be very low as only very few cases are expected. 

    Therefore, the overall risk of BDBV for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as very low.

Recommendations

    EU/EEA countries should remain vigilant, strengthen their preparedness and response capabilities for detecting and managing potential imported Ebola disease cases, and provide travel advice to people living in and travelling to/from affected areas.

    ECDC does not recommend any travel restrictions for travellers to or from Kenya and Nigeria. Exit screening from the affected areas and countries, including symptom checks and exposure assessments is an important measure that contributes to reducing the risk by identifying symptomatic travellers before they board, and preventing them travelling while symptomatic.

    Entry screening of incoming travellers from areas affected in the current outbreak is not proven to be an efficient measure to detect imported cases, and is also a highly complex public health intervention.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/threat-assessment-brief-importation-ebola-disease-cases-caused-bundibugyo-virus

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WNV - Weekly updates (ECDC, Oct. 23 '26): 1,965 cases of which 770 in #Italy

{Summary}

(...)

Current situation

    Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 21 October, 229 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 20 countries across Europe.

    These areas are located in: 

        § Italy (70), 

        § France (30), 

        § Greece (25), 

        § Romania (24), 

        § the Netherlands (16), 

        § Serbia (11), 

        § Bulgaria (7), 

        § Belgium (6), 

        § Croatia (6), 

        § Germany (6), 

        § Spain (6), 

        § North Macedonia (5), 

        § Hungary (4), 

        § Kosovo (4), 

        § Austria (3), 

        § Albania (2), 

        § Cyprus (1), 

        § Moldova (1), 

        § Slovakia (1) and 

        § Slovenia (1).

    This week, seven areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)

    The 20 countries have reported 1 965 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

        § Italy (770 cases), 

        § Greece (457 cases of which 6 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § France (173 cases), 

        § Spain (145 cases), 

        § Romania (125 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (71 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (63 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Serbia (59 cases), 

        § Cyprus (21 cases), 

        § Croatia (18 cases), 

        § Belgium (15 cases), 

        § Austria (8 cases), 

        § Bulgaria (8 cases), 

        § Kosovo (8 cases), 

        § Albania (7 cases), 

        § Germany (7 cases), 

        § Hungary (5 cases), 

        § Slovenia (3 cases), 

        § Moldova (1 case) and 

        § Slovakia (1 case).

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WNV - Weekly updates (ECDC, Oct. 16 '26): 1,926 cases of which 764 in #Italy

 

{Summary}

Current situation

    Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 14 October, 222 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 19 countries across Europe.

    These areas are located in: 

        § Italy (70), 

        § France (28), 

        § Greece (25), 

        § Romania (24), 

        § the Netherlands (15), 

        § Serbia (10), 

        § Belgium (6), 

        § Bulgaria (6), 

        § Croatia (6), 

        § Germany (6), 

        § Spain (6), 

        § North Macedonia (5), 

        § Hungary (4), 

        § Kosovo (4), 

        § Austria (3), 

        § Albania (2), 

        § Cyprus (1) and 

        § Slovenia (1).

    This week, 14 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)

    The 19 countries have reported 1 926 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

        § Italy (764 cases), 

        § Greece (455 cases of which 6 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § France (159 cases), 

        § Spain (141 cases), 

        § Romania (121 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (70 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (59 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Serbia (57 cases), 

        § Cyprus (21 cases), 

        § Croatia (18 cases), 

        § Belgium (15 cases), 

        § Austria (8 cases), 

        § Kosovo (8 cases), 

        § Albania (7 cases), 

        § Bulgaria (7 cases), 

        § Germany (7 cases), 

        § Hungary (5 cases), 

        § Slovenia (3 cases) and 

        § Moldova (1 case of which 1 had an unknown place of infection).

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WVN - Weekly Report (ECDC, Oct. 9 '26): 1,855 cases so far of which 748 in #Italy

 

{Summary}

(...)

Week 41, 2026 | Published on 9 October 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 7 October 2026.

Current situation

    ° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 7 October, 208 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 18 countries across Europe.

    These areas are located in: 

        § Italy (67), 

        § France (26), 

        § Greece (25), 

        § Romania (24), 

        § the Netherlands (15), 

        § Serbia (10), 

        § Belgium (6), 

        § Spain (6), 

        § Croatia (5), 

        § North Macedonia (5), 

        § Hungary (4), 

        § Kosovo (4), 

        § Austria (3), 

        § Germany (3), 

        § Albania (2), 

        § Bulgaria (2) and 

        § Cyprus (1).

    This week, six areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)

    The 18 countries have reported 1 855 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

        § Italy (748 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Greece (445 cases of which 6 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § France (144 cases), 

        § Spain (139 cases), 

        § Romania (117 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (70 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (59 cases of which 1 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Serbia (57 cases), 

        § Croatia (16 cases), 

        § Belgium (15 cases), 

        § Cyprus (13 cases), 

        § Austria (8 cases), 

        § Kosovo (8 cases), 

        § Hungary (5 cases), 

        § Albania (4 cases), 

        § Germany (4 cases), 

        § Bulgaria (2 cases) and 

        § Moldova (1 case of which 1 had an unknown place of infection).

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

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Zoonotic #influenza #H5 #vaccination in #humans in #EU/EEA - Assessment - 7 October 2026 (ECDC, summary)

 

{Summary}

Zoonotic influenza A(H5) vaccination in humans in the EU/EEA | Assessment

7 October 2026

    Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) continues to circulate widely in wild birds and cause outbreaks in poultry and other animals across Europe. 

    Despite extensive circulation, human infections remain rare and no human cases have been confirmed in the EU/EEA to date. 

    Considering this, ECDC assesses the risk from A(H5N1) viruses circulating in Europe as low for the general population and low to moderate for people occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.  

Key findings

    ° Twenty-seven of 30 EU/EEA countries responded to the survey on influenza A(H5) vaccination in humans – national plans and implementation status in EU/EEA. 

        § Eight countries reported having national A(H5) vaccination recommendations in place, eight were currently developing them, and 11 had no plans at the time of the survey. 

    ° Implementation of the plans remained limited: five countries had started vaccination campaigns (Austria, Finland, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Portugal) and three planned to do so within one year. 

        § Priority groups most commonly included in the cohort to be vaccinated were veterinarians and animal-health staff, culling teams, laboratory staff and workers in farming and the poultry sector.  

    ° Most countries reported that they are monitoring or planning to monitor vaccine uptake; the majority through immunisation registries. 

    ° Reported vaccine uptake in reporting countries was generally low outside laboratory settings, but data were incomplete and not comparable across countries.  

    ° Overall, results were heterogeneous in the EU/EEA due to variation in national recommendations, implementation plans, delivery arrangements and uptake monitoring.  

        § For preparedness purposes, countries would benefit from clearly defined programme objectives and scenario-based triggers, tested delivery pathways, targeted communication and uptake-monitoring plans. 

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/zoonotic-influenza-ah5-vaccination-humans-eueea

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WNV - Weekly Report (ECDC, Oct. 2 '26): 1,765 cases so far, of which 721 in #Italy

 

{Extract}

Week 40, 2026 |  Published on 2 October 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 30 September 2026.

Current situation

    ° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 30 September, 202 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 16 countries across Europe.

    ° These areas are located in: 

        § Italy (67), 

        § France (25), 

        § Greece (24), 

        § Romania (24), 

        § the Netherlands (15), 

        § Serbia (10), 

        § Spain (6), 

        § Belgium (5), 

        § Croatia (5), 

        § North Macedonia (5), 

        § Hungary (4), 

        § Kosovo (4), 

        § Austria (3), 

        § Germany (3), 

        § Albania (1) and 

        § Cyprus (1).

    

    ° This week, 16 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)

    ° The 16 countries have reported 1 765 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

        § Italy (721 cases), 

        § Greece (420 cases, of which 6 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Spain (131 cases), 

        § France (128 cases), 

        § Romania (117 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (70 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (57 cases, of which 2 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Serbia (53 cases), 

        § Croatia (15 cases), 

        § Belgium (14 cases), 

        § Cyprus (13 cases), 

        § Austria (8 cases), 

        § Kosovo (7 cases), 

        § Hungary (5 cases), 

        § Germany (4 cases) and 

        § Albania (2 cases)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WNV - Weekly Report (ECDC, Sept. 25 '26): 1,569 cases so far of which 696 in #Italy

 

{Extracts}

(...)

Week 39, 2026 | Published on 25 September 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 23 September 2026.

Current situation

    Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 23 September, 186 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 16 countries across Europe.

    These areas are located in: 

        § Italy (65), 

        § Greece (22), 

        § Romania (22), 

        § France (21), 

        § the Netherlands (13), 

        § Serbia (8), 

        § Spain (6), 

        § Croatia (5), 

        § North Macedonia (5), 

        § Belgium (4), 

        § Hungary (4), 

        § Austria (3), 

        § Germany (3), 

        § Kosovo (3), 

        § Albania (1) and 

        § Cyprus (1).

    This week, six areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. The affected areas identified as at 23 September 2026 are listed in Table 1 and shown in Map 1 below.

    The 16 countries have reported 1 569 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

        § Italy (696 cases), 

        § Greece (355 cases, of which 8 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Spain (125 cases), 

        § France (102 cases), 

        § Romania (91 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (69 cases), 

        § Serbia (46 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (28 cases), 

        § Croatia (13 cases), 

        § Cyprus (13 cases), 

        § Belgium (9 cases), 

        § Austria (7 cases), 

        § Hungary (5 cases), 

        § Germany (4 cases), 

        § Kosovo (4 cases) and 

        § Albania (2 cases)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

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Avian #influenza #overview June–August 2026 (ECDC/EFSA, September 22 '26, Summary)

 

{Summary}

Abstract

    Between 5 June and 28 August 2026, 110 highly pathogenic avian  influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus detections were reported in domestic (7)  and wild (103) birds in 12 countries in Europe. The number of detections  remained at a seasonal low throughout the summer, continuing the decline  observed since spring. In contrast to previous years, fewer colony-breeding  seabirds were affected, and the geographical range of detections was more  limited. Further sporadic detections of HPAI A(H5) virus were reported in wild  terrestrial carnivores and pinnipeds. Outside Europe, the epidemic continued  in the Americas, where also the HPAI A(H7N3) subtype was detected in Mexico.  Following its first introduction to mainland Australia, HPAI A(H5N1) virus spread within local wild bird populations and spilled over to terrestrial  carnivores and marine mammals. In the US, the number of dairy  cattle farms reportedly affected by HPAI A(H5N1) increased, while detections in  captive American minks were reported for the first time. Between 5 June and  31 August 2026, 15 cases of avian influenza virus infection were publicly  reported in humans (no fatal cases) in three countries and territories:  Bangladesh (one A(H5N1) case), Cambodia (one A(H5N1) case) and China (13 A(H9N2) cases). All human cases reported exposure to poultry or a poultry  environment prior to detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian  influenza viruses remain rare and no sustained human-to-human transmission has  been documented. The risk posed by avian influenza A(H5N1) clade  2.3.4.4b viruses currently circulating in Europe remains low for the general  public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and low-to- moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or  contaminated environments.

©2026 European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention  and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza. EFSA  Journal published by WileyVCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2026

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WNV - Weekly Report (ECDC, September 18 '26): 1,482 cases so far, of which 652 in #Italy

 

{Summary}

Week 38, 2026 | Published on 18 September 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 17 September 2026.

Current situation

    ° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 17 September, 180 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 16 countries across Europe.

    ° These areas are located in: 

        § Italy (65), 

        § Greece (22), 

        § Romania (22), 

        § France (19), 

        § the Netherlands (13), 

        § Serbia (8), 

        § Croatia (5), 

        § Spain (5), 

        § Belgium (4), 

        § North Macedonia (4), 

        § Germany (3), 

        § Hungary (3), 

        § Austria (2), 

        § Kosovo (2), 

        § Albania (1) and 

        § Cyprus (1).

    ° This week, 19 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. 

    ° The 16 countries have reported 1 482 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

        § Italy (652 cases), 

        § Greece (355 cases, of which 8 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Spain (114 cases), 

        § Romania (91 cases), 

        § France (81 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (66 cases), 

        § Serbia (43 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (29 cases), 

        § Croatia (13 cases), 

        § Cyprus (11 cases), 

        § Belgium (9 cases), 

        § Austria (6 cases, of which 1 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Germany (4 cases), 

        § Hungary (4 cases), 

        § Albania (2 cases) and 

        § Kosovo (2 cases)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WNV - Weekly Report (ECDC, September 11 '26): 1,285 cases so far, of which 590 in #Italy

 

{Excerpt, Summary}

(...)

Week 37, 2026 | Published on 11 September 2026, based on data submitted up until and including 10 September 2026.

Current situation

    ° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 10 September, 161 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 15 countries across Europe.

    ° These areas are located in: 

        § Italy (64), 

        § Greece (21), 

        § Romania (20), 

        § France (14), 

        § the Netherlands (10), 

        § Serbia (7), 

        § Croatia (5), 

        § Spain (5), 

        § North Macedonia (4), 

        § Hungary (3), 

        § Austria (2), 

        § Germany (2), 

        § Albania (1), 

        § Cyprus (1) and 

        § Kosovo (1).

    ° This week, 16 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. 

    ° The 15 countries have reported 1 285 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

        § Italy (590 cases), 

        § Greece (319 cases, of which 9 had an unknown place of infection), 

        § Spain (104 cases), 

        § Romania (77 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (57 cases), 

        § France (49 cases), 

        § Serbia (37 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (19 cases), 

        § Croatia (10 cases), 

        § Cyprus (10 cases), 

        § Austria (5 cases), 

        § Hungary (4 cases), 

        § Germany (2 cases), 

        § Albania (1 case) and 

        § Kosovo (1 case)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

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Seasonal #surveillance in #humans in 2026 for #WNV (ECDC, Sept. 4 '26), Weekly Update: 1,086 cases so far, of which 516 in #Italy

{Excerpt, Summary}

(...)

Week 36, 2026 | Published on 04 September 2026, based on data submitted up  until and including 3 September 2026.

Current situation

    ° Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 3 September, 144 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 15 countries across Europe.

    ° These areas are located in: 

        

        § Italy (62), 

        § Greece (19), 

        § Romania (17), 

        § France (13), 

        § Serbia (seven), 

        § the Netherlands (five), 

        § Croatia (four), 

        § Spain (four), 

        § Hungary (three), 

        § North Macedonia (three), 

        § Germany (two), 

        § Albania (one), 

        § Austria (one), 

        § Cyprus (one) and 

        § Kosovo* (one).

    ° This week, 20 areas are reported as affected for the first time this season. (...)

    ° The 15 countries have reported 1 086 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection: 

    

        § Italy (516 cases), 

        § Greece (284 cases, of which 11 with unknown place of infection), 

        § Spain (88 cases), 

        § Romania (56 cases), 

        § North Macedonia (55 cases), 

        § France (36 cases), 

        § Serbia (18 cases), 

        § the Netherlands (nine cases), 

        § Croatia (seven cases), 

        § Cyprus (six cases), 

        § Austria (four cases), 

        § Hungary (three cases), 

        § Germany (two cases), 

        § Albania (one case) and 

        § Kosovo* (one case)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

____

#Fatal case of respiratory #diphtheria in an unvaccinated #child in #Italy (ECDC, August 28 '26)

 

{Excerpt from ''Weekly Communicable Disease Threats Report, Week 35, 22–28 August 2026''}

(...)

Overview:

Summary

    ° On 20 August 2026, media sources reported a fatal case of diphtheria  in Palermo, Sicily, involving a four-year-old {girl}. According to media  reports, the case manifested initial symptoms, including fever, reduced  appetite and vomiting between 10 and 11 August. The patient's condition  deteriorated progressively, with the development of high fever and respiratory  distress on 15 August. Owing to the worsening clinical presentation, the child was  hospitalised in the intensive medical care unit.

    ° Despite receiving organ-supportive treatment and diphtheria antitoxin, the patient died on 20 August. The child had not been vaccinated against diphtheria. 

    ° Clinical specimens were submitted to Italy's National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS) for laboratory confirmation of suspected  diphtheria. On 25 August, the ISS confirmed the detection of  Corynebacterium diphtheriae and identified the presence of the diphtheria  toxin gene, indicating infection with a toxigenic strain capable of causing  respiratory diphtheria.

    ° A second probable case was reported in a four-year-old cousin of the  first case, who was admitted to hospital with milder symptoms. According to  media reports, the child had been previously vaccinated against diphtheria.  The patient is being managed in isolation and is reported to be in a stable clinical condition.

    ° Local health authorities have initiated an epidemiological investigation, including contact tracing and active monitoring of contacts to  identify potential additional cases and limit further transmission.

    ° Public health measures have also been implemented, including  chemoprophylaxis of contacts and vaccination of the siblings of the first case. 

    ° Media sources have reported that 10 additional family members have tested positive for C. diphtheriae. These individuals were reported to be  vaccinated and in good clinical condition.

    ° However, as of 25 August, no additional cases besides the two described  above have been reportedofficially by local health authorities.

Background

    ° Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable bacterial disease caused by  Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

    ° Transmission can occur from person to person through respiratory  droplets, direct contact with respiratory secretions, contact with exudate from  infected skin lesions or contaminated surfaces. 

    ° Infection may present as respiratory or cutaneous diphtheria.  Asymptomatic infection is also common, particularly in highly vaccinated  populations. The pathogenicity of C. diphtheriae is primarily related to the  production of the diphtheria toxin, which can cause local tissue damage, severe  systemic complications and even death. 

    ° Diphtheria is largely preventable through vaccination, and  unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals are at  higher risk of severe  disease and death. 

    ° Without timely diagnosis and treatment, respiratory diphtheria  can be  life-threatening, especially in unvaccinated, young children.

    ° Diphtheria remains a relatively rare disease in the EU/EEA due to high  vaccination coverage. In 2022, a large multi-country outbreak was recorded,  primarily affecting migrants and asylum seekers, with limited evidence of spread  to the general population. Reported cases declined in subsequent years, although  sporadic cases and localised transmission continue to occur, particularly among  vulnerable populations, including migrants, people experiencing homelessness,  and unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals.

ECDC assessment:

    ° The probability of widespread transmission of diphtheria in the general  population in the EU/EEA is considered low, due to high levels of  population immunity achieved through routine vaccination programmes. The  impact on the general population is also assessed as low, as high vaccination coverage reduces the risk of severe disease and death. Therefore, the  overall risk to the general population in the EU/EEA is considered low.

    ° Nevertheless, sporadic cases and localised clusters may occur in  settings where vaccination coverage is suboptimal or where conditions facilitate  transmission, such as overcrowded environments and settings with poor hygiene.  Imported cases may also occur among individuals travelling from endemic  geographical areas. Severe disease is more likely among susceptible groups,  including unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals, young children, older  adults, and immunocompromised individuals.

    ° Achieving and sustaining high vaccination coverage in the population is  crucial to prevent serious or fatal disease. In the event of cases, rapid clinical  recognition, prompt laboratory confirmation, timely administration of appropriate  treatment, and the identification and management of close contacts are essential to reduce morbidity, mortality, and onward transmission.

Actions:

    ° ECDC continues to monitor this event through epidemic intelligence activities and is liaising with the relevant national public health authorities to  collect additional information on the case and ongoing contact tracing and contact follow-up activities.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/communicable-disease-threats-report-22-28-august-week-35

_____