#Italy - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Follow up report 1

 

{[Mallard duck] By This picture was realized by Richard Bartz by using a Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6 IS USM Lens - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6449086}

{[Common Teal] By Shantanu Kuveskar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78923110}

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A wild mallard in Veneto Region.

A wild common teal in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6896

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Burden of 375 #diseases and injuries, #risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories...

 

Summary

Background

For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions.

Methods

The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010–23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution.

Findings

Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0–8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46–2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57–3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0–14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contributed 1·45 billion (1·31–1·61) global DALYs in 2010, increasing to 1·80 billion (1·63–2·03) in 2023, alongside a concurrent 4·1% (1·9–6·3) reduction in age-standardised rates. Based on DALY counts, the leading level 3 NCDs in 2023 were ischaemic heart disease (193 million [176–209] DALYs), stroke (157 million [141–172]), and diabetes (90·2 million [75·2–107]), with the largest increases in age-standardised rates since 2010 occurring for anxiety disorders (62·8% [34·0–107·5]), depressive disorders (26·3% [11·6–42·9]), and diabetes (14·9% [7·5–25·6]). Remarkable health gains were made for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, with DALYs falling from 874 million (837–917) in 2010 to 681 million (642–736) in 2023, and a 25·8% (22·6–28·7) reduction in age-standardised DALY rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DALYs due to CMNN diseases rose but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023. From 2010 to 2023, decreases in age-standardised rates for CMNN diseases were led by rate decreases of 49·1% (32·7–61·0) for diarrhoeal diseases, 42·9% (38·0–48·0) for HIV/AIDS, and 42·2% (23·6–56·6) for tuberculosis. Neonatal disorders and lower respiratory infections remained the leading level 3 CMNN causes globally in 2023, although both showed notable rate decreases from 2010, declining by 16·5% (10·6–22·0) and 24·8% (7·4–36·7), respectively. Injury-related age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 15·6% (10·7–19·8) over the same period. Differences in burden due to NCDs, CMNN diseases, and injuries persisted across age, sex, time, and location. Based on our risk analysis, nearly 50% (1·27 billion [1·18–1·38]) of the roughly 2·80 billion total global DALYs in 2023 were attributable to the 88 risk factors analysed in GBD. Globally, the five level 3 risk factors contributing the highest proportion of risk-attributable DALYs were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), smoking, and low birthweight and short gestation—with high SBP accounting for 8·4% (6·9–10·0) of total DALYs. Of the three overarching level 1 GBD risk factor categories—behavioural, metabolic, and environmental and occupational—risk-attributable DALYs rose between 2010 and 2023 only for metabolic risks, increasing by 30·7% (24·8–37·3); however, age-standardised DALY rates attributable to metabolic risks decreased by 6·7% (2·0–11·0) over the same period. For all but three of the 25 leading level 3 risk factors, age-standardised rates dropped between 2010 and 2023—eg, declining by 54·4% (38·7–65·3) for unsafe sanitation, 50·5% (33·3–63·1) for unsafe water source, and 45·2% (25·6–72·0) for no access to handwashing facility, and by 44·9% (37·3–53·5) for child growth failure. The three leading level 3 risk factors for which age-standardised attributable DALY rates rose were high BMI (10·5% [0·1 to 20·9]), drug use (8·4% [2·6 to 15·3]), and high FPG (6·2% [–2·7 to 15·6]; non-significant).

Interpretation

Our findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of global health challenges. Since 2010, there have been large decreases in burden due to CMNN diseases and many environmental and behavioural risk factors, juxtaposed with sizeable increases in DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors and NCDs in growing and ageing populations. This long-observed consequence of the global epidemiological transition was only temporarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The substantially decreasing CMNN disease burden, despite the 2008 global financial crisis and pandemic-related disruptions, is one of the greatest collective public health successes known. However, these achievements are at risk of being reversed due to major cuts to development assistance for health globally, the effects of which will hit low-income countries with high burden the hardest. Without sustained investment in evidence-based interventions and policies, progress could stall or reverse, leading to widespread human costs and geopolitical instability. Moreover, the rising NCD burden necessitates intensified efforts to mitigate exposure to leading risk factors—eg, air pollution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG—including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet this can be only part of the solution. Our response to the NCD syndemic—the complex interaction of multiple health risks, social determinants, and systemic challenges—will define the future landscape of global health. To ensure human wellbeing, economic stability, and social equity, global action to sustain and advance health gains must prioritise reducing disparities by addressing socioeconomic and demographic determinants, ensuring equitable health-care access, tackling malnutrition, strengthening health systems, and improving vaccination coverage. We live in times of great opportunity.

Funding

Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Source: The Lancet, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext?rss=yes

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#Evolution of #WHO #Influenza #Antiviral #Stockpile: Rapid Access and Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries for Pandemic Preparedness and Response

 

Abstract

The SARS outbreak and influenza A(H5N1) infections (2003–2004) prompted WHO to establish a global influenza antiviral stockpile, enabling rapid distribution to 72 countries during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic. To improve access in low- and middle-income countries, WHO added antivirals to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and included them in the Prequalification Programme. The 2011 Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework refined strategies for equitable access and rapid response. Lessons from COVID-19 led to a new WHO-led mechanism—the Interim Medical Countermeasures Network (i-MCM-net)—which supports integrated supply chains, real-time data sharing, research and development, and equitable access. WHO continues to emphasise equity and global solidarity, highlighting the need for accessible, effective, and affordable antivirals alongside vaccines to protect vulnerable populations and mitigate the impact of future pandemics.

Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases, https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/232/Supplement_3/S210/8287898?login=false

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Introduction and Update: #Advances in #Influenza #Therapeutics

 

Abstract

This supplement contains 17 articles addressing various aspects of advances in influenza therapeutics and related strategies (e.g., diagnostics, rapid access strategies, and resistance monitoring) for preventing and treating seasonal, zoonotic, and pandemic influenza. In addition to briefly introducing each article, we highlight shortcomings in current use, knowledge gaps requiring further study, and therapeutics of interest entering or advancing in clinical development.

Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases, https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/232/Supplement_3/S169/8287899?login=false

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Use of #Influenza #Antivirals to Prevent #Transmission

 

Abstract

Influenza antivirals play an important role in the prevention and control of influenza. We reviewed data on the effectiveness of influenza antivirals for reducing influenza transmission. We found that antiviral prophylaxis, whether given pre- or postexposure, has been shown to reduce the risk of symptomatic influenza in a variety of settings and populations. During pandemic responses, antiviral prophylaxis could play an important role, as demonstrated by the use of amantadine in the 1968–1969 influenza A(H3N2) pandemic and oseltamivir during the 2009–2010 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. Antiviral treatment reduces symptom severity, prevents complications, and can reduce onward transmission of infection. However, resistance, accessibility, and timing pose challenges. Future research directions include innovative therapies and combination treatments. Continued research and stewardship are crucial to optimize antiviral impact.

Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases, https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/232/Supplement_3/S215/8287908

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#Bat #sarbecovirus WIV1-CoV bears an adaptive #mutation that alters #spike dynamics and enhances #ACE2 binding

 

Abstract

SARS-like betacoronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) endemic in bats pose a significant zoonotic threat to humans. Genetic pathways associated with spillover of bat sarbecoviruses into humans are incompletely understood. We previously showed that the wild-type spike of the rhinolophid bat coronavirus SHC014-CoV has poor entry activity and uncovered two distinct genetic pathways outside the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that increased spike opening, ACE2 binding, and cell entry. Herein, we show that the widely studied bat sarbecovirus WIV1-CoV is likely a cell culture-adapted variant whose progenitor bears a spike resembling that of Rs3367-CoV, which was sequenced from the same population of rhinolophid bats as SHC014-CoV. Our findings suggest that the acquisition of a single amino-acid substitution in the ‘630-loop’ of the S1 subunit was the key spike adaptation event during the successful isolation of WIV1-CoV, and that it enhances spike opening, virus-receptor recognition, and cell entry in much the same manner as the substitutions we previously identified in SHC014-CoV using a pseudotype system. The conformational constraints on both the SHC014-CoV and Rs3367-CoV spikes could be alleviated by pre-cleaving them with trypsin, suggesting that the spike-opening substitutions arose to circumvent the lack of S1–S2 cleavage. We propose that the ‘locked-down’ nature of these spikes and their requirement for S1–S2 cleavage to engage ACE2 represent viral optimizations for a fecal-oral lifestyle and immune evasion in their natural hosts. These adaptations may be a broader property of bat sarbecoviruses than currently recognized. The acquisition of a polybasic furin cleavage site at the S1–S2 boundary is accepted as a key viral adaptation for SARS-CoV-2 emergence that overcame a host protease barrier to viral entry in the mammalian respiratory tract. Our results suggest alternative spillover scenarios in which spike-opening substitutions that promote virus-receptor binding and entry could precede, or even initially replace, substitutions that enhance spike cleavage in the zoonotic host.

Source: PLoS Pathogens, https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1013123

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Citywide indoor #air #sampling mirrors #wastewater and clinical case #surveillance of respiratory viruses

 

Abstract

Wastewater surveillance of respiratory pathogens can provide timely estimates of viral activity and disease trends in a population. Indoor air surveillance could be used similarly with some advantages but remains largely unvalidated at the community-scale. Here, an indoor air surveillance program was employed as part of public health environmental surveillance in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Ten air samplers were placed in healthcare and congregate living settings across the city. Weekly air samples were evaluated for influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2 over two respiratory virus seasons. Citywide, aggregated air sample positivity and viral load were closely correlated with local clinical case and wastewater surveillance data across all respiratory viruses. Virus trends in air data often preceded clinical and wastewater, although this varied across pathogens and respiratory virus seasons. Further, whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 showed close correlation of variant proportions across all datasets. At the building-scale, air samples obtained from a single sampling device provided efficient respiratory virus surveillance, with well-correlated estimates of respiratory pathogens. These data demonstrate that air surveillance can provide accurate estimates of respiratory virus infections and variants at a building or community-scale, serving as an alternative or complementary tool for public health environmental surveillance.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This project was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award totaling $800,000 with 100% funded by CDC/HHS. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by CDC/HHS, or the U.S. Government. The project described was supported in part by cooperative agreement NU50CK000556 from CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC. This work was also supported through a Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at Rush University Medical Center award (1 GE1HS45832-01-00).

Source: MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.25337283v1

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#USA, New York State Department of Health Confirms First Locally Acquired Case of #Chikungunya in #NewYork State (DoH)

 

ALBANY, N.Y. (October 14, 2025) — The New York State Department of Health today announced that a case of locally acquired chikungunya has been confirmed in New York State. Laboratory testing at the Department's Wadsworth Center confirmed the case in Nassau County on Long Island. This marks the first locally acquired case of chikungunya reported in New York State. No locally acquired cases have been reported in the U.S. states and territories since 2019.

An investigation suggests that the individual likely contracted the virus following a bite from an infected mosquito. While the case is classified as locally acquired based on current information, the precise source of exposure is not known. The Aedes albopictus mosquito, known to transmit chikungunya, is present in parts of downstate New York. Local transmission can occur when an A. albopictus mosquito bites an infected traveler, becomes infected and bites another person. The disease cannot be spread directly from one person to another.

"Our Wadsworth Center has confirmed this test result, which is the first known case of locally acquired Chikungunya in New York State. Given the much colder nighttime temperatures, the current risk in New York is very low." State Health Commissioner Dr. James McDonald said. "We urge everyone to take simple precautions to protect themselves and their families from mosquito bites."

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease most common in tropical and subtropical regions. Symptoms include fever and joint pain, headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. The illness is rarely fatal and most patients recover within a week, though some may experience persistent joint pain. People at higher risk for severe disease include newborns infected around the time of birth, adults aged 65 and older, and individuals with chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes or heart disease.

In 2025, there have been three additional chikungunya cases outside New York City that were all linked to international travel to regions with active chikungunya infections. Routine mosquito testing conducted by the Department's Wadsworth Center and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) has not detected chikungunya virus in any New York mosquito samples to date.

Mosquito activity in New York is declining as cooler fall temperatures begin. The Department reminds all New Yorkers to take precautions to reduce the risk of mosquito bites:

-- Use EPA-registered insect repellents

-- Wear long sleeves, long pants and socks outdoors when possible

-- Remove standing water around homes, such as in flowerpots, buckets and gutters

-- Repair or patch holes in window and door screens to keep mosquitoes out

(...)

Source: Department of Health, https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2025/2025-10-14_chikungunya.htm

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A #vaccine central in #H5 #influenza antigenic space confers broad #immunity

 

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses globally impact wild and domestic birds, and have caused severe infections in mammals, including humans, underscoring their pandemic potential. The antigenic evolution of the A(H5) haemagglutinin (HA) poses challenges for pandemic preparedness and vaccine design. Here the global antigenic evolution of the A(H5) HA was captured in a high-resolution antigenic map. The map was used to design immunogenic and antigenically central vaccine HA antigens, eliciting antibody responses that broadly cover the A(H5) antigenic space. In ferrets, a central antigen protected as well as homologous vaccines against heterologous infection with two antigenically distinct viruses. This work showcases the rational design of subtype-wide influenza A(H5) pre-pandemic vaccines and demonstrates the value of antigenic maps for the evaluation of vaccine-induced immune responses through antibody profiles.

Source: Nature, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09626-3

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North #Macedonia - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

{By Charles J. Sharp - Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography.co.uk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=144193067}

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Two wild  black swans in Karpoš Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6891

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#Germany - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

A poultry farm in Niedersachsen Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6892

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Cross-neutralizing and potent #human monoclonal #antibodies against historical and emerging #H5Nx #influenza viruses

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses are an emerging threat for global health, especially clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus which causes panzootic infections. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of broadly cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against diverse H5Nx viruses from individuals who received a monovalent H5N1 vaccine 15 years ago. By screening over 500 mAbs, we identified 5 mAbs that neutralized the majority of H5 clades including 2.3.4.4b and target three distinct conserved epitopes within the HA globular head. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of these mAbs in complex with HA, deep mutational scanning and neutralization escape studies define the sites of vulnerability of H5 HA. These mAbs mediated stronger prophylactic protection against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection in mice than the best-in-class mAb targeting the HA stem. Our study identified several highly potent broadly neutralizing H5 mAbs from humans that either alone or in combination provide a pragmatic pandemic preparedness option against the threat of panzootic H5N1 influenza.

Source: Nature Microbiology, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-025-02137-x

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#Genetic and Serological Analysis of #H7N3 Avian #Influenza Viruses in #Mexico for #Pandemic #Risk Assessment

 

Abstract

Avian influenza A viruses pose ongoing threats to human and animal health, with H7 subtypes causing outbreaks globally. In Mexico, highly pathogenic H7N3 viruses have circulated in poultry since 2012, causing sporadic human infections. Here we analyzed genetic markers in hemagglutinin sequences from Mexican H7N3 isolates and conducted serological assays on human populations with poultry exposure. Our results show conserved avian-like receptor binding sites, thus limiting human adaptation, alongside antigenic drift and acquisition of glycosylation sites likely driven by vaccination. Serological testing of 1103 individuals revealed no detectable antibodies against H7N3, indicating a naïve population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple virus clades circulating regionally. These findings suggest that while current H7N3 viruses have limited capacity for sustained human transmission, the lack of population immunity underscores the importance of continued surveillance and risk assessment to mitigate potential pandemic threats.

Source: Viruses, https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/10/1376

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Unpacking the #extinction #crisis: rates, patterns and causes of recent extinctions in #plants and #animals

 

Abstract

Biodiversity loss is one of the greatest challenges facing Earth today. The most direct information on species losses comes from recent extinctions. However, our understanding of these recent, human-related extinctions is incomplete across life, especially their causes and their rates and patterns among clades, across habitats and over time. Furthermore, prominent studies have extrapolated from these extinctions to suggest a current mass extinction event. Such extrapolations assume that recent extinctions predict current extinction risk and are homogeneous among groups, over time and among environments. Here, we analyse rates and patterns of recent extinctions (last 500 years). Surprisingly, past extinctions did not strongly predict current risk among groups. Extinctions varied strongly among groups, and were most frequent among molluscs and some tetrapods, and relatively rare in plants and arthropods. Extinction rates have increased over the last five centuries, but generally declined in the last 100 years. Recent extinctions were predominantly on islands, whereas the majority of non-island extinctions were in freshwater. Island extinctions were most frequently related to invasive species, but habitat loss was the most important cause (and current threat) in continental regions. Overall, we identify the major patterns in recent extinctions but caution against extrapolating them into the future.

Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences, https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2025.1717

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#Spike #mutations that affect the function and antigenicity of recent #KP.3.1.1-like #SARS-CoV-2 #variants

 

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 is under strong evolutionary selection to acquire mutations in its spike protein that reduce neutralization by human polyclonal antibodies. Here, we use pseudovirus-based deep mutational scanning to measure how mutations to the spike from the recent KP.3.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 strain affect cell entry, binding to the ACE2 receptor, RBD up/down motion, and neutralization by human sera and clinically relevant antibodies. The spike mutations that most affect serum antibody neutralization sometimes differ between sera collected before versus after recent vaccination or infection, indicating that these exposures shift the neutralization immunodominance hierarchy. The sites where mutations cause the greatest reduction in neutralization by post-vaccination or infection sera include receptor-binding domain (RBD) sites 475, 478, and 487, all of which have mutated in recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Multiple mutations outside the RBD affect sera neutralization as strongly as any RBD mutations by modulating the RBD up/down movement. Some sites that affect RBD up/down movement have mutated in recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Finally, we measure how spike mutations affect neutralization by three clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: VYD222, BD55-1205, and SA55. Overall, these results illuminate the current constraints and pressures shaping SARS-CoV-2 evolution and can help with efforts to forecast possible future antigenic changes that may impact vaccines or clinical antibodies.

Source: mSphere, https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jvi.01423-25?af=R

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#France - High pathogenicity avian #influenza viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

A poultry farm in Hauts-de-France Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6875

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#Germany - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

A poultry farm in Brandenburg Region.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6878

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#Lithuania - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

{By © Frank Schulenburg, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77548177}

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On 12 October, the owner informed the State Food and Veterinary Service that the birds had fallen ill and mass mortality had begun in one of the four poultry houses. On Sunday, around 2,000 of the 5,380 turkeys in one poultry house suddenly died. On 13 October 2025, official veterinarians visited the farm and collected samples from all the turkey houses for passive surveillance of avian influenza. These samples were sent to the National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (National Reference Laboratory) for avian influenza testing. Temporary restrictions were imposed on the farm immediately until the laboratory results were available. On 14 October 2025, highly pathogenic avian influenza was confirmed in all samples.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6885

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#Portugal - #Influenza A #H7 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

{By Alexis Lours - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=138694692}

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A wild yellow legged gull in Madeira.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6888

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#Iraq - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

 

In Nineveh Province, in the city of Bashiqa, Shalalat Mashrae through routine examination of broiler poultry fields, 35 samples were found to be positive by rapid kit examination. This result was confirmed by PCR examination on 12th of October 2025, and it was H5N1. Nineveh veterinary hospital made a zone and applied all plans of HPAI Strategy of the law of animal health.

Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6887

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