#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (by AMEDEO, Dec. 15 '25)

 

Biochem Biophys Res Commun

1. HU J, Li J, You W, Liu L, et al
   Disruption of the local vRNA structure at the end of HA encoding region interferes with the selective packaging of influenza A virus genome.
   Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025;795:153082.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
2. BANGARU MLY, Raghavendra NK
   Helix alpha1 of human ACE2 mimics dsDNA and Spike of SARS-CoV-2 binds DNA.
   Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025;793:153020.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Cell

3. WASDIN PT, Johnson NV, Janke AK, Held S, et al
   Generation of antigen-specific paired-chain antibodies using large language models.
   Cell. 2025;188:7206-7221.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
4. YAN L, Huang Y, Liu Y, Ge J, et al
   Structural basis for the concurrence of template recycling and RNA capping in SARS-CoV-2.
   Cell. 2025;188:7194-7205.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Epidemiol Infect

5. ASPLIN P, Fyles M, Kennedy J, Ward T, et al
   Evaluating Google Trends as a proxy for symptom incidence: insights from the winter COVID-19 infection study in England 2023/24.
   Epidemiol Infect. 2025;153:e136.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
6. MUNCH PK, Hansen CH, Moller FT, Norgaard SK, et al
   COVIDmeter - a questionnaire-based symptom monitoring system for the surveillance of COVID-19 in Denmark, 2020-2023.
   Epidemiol Infect. 2025;153:e134.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Epidemiol Community Health

7. ZHAO M, Yang L, Cheng P, Schwebel D, et al
   Helmet use among cyclists and motorcyclists involved in media-reported road traffic crashes after implementation of the national 'One Helmet, One Belt' campaign in China.
   J Epidemiol Community Health. 2025;80:35-40.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Exp Med

8. ZHANG Q, Conrad TS, Moncada-Velez M, Jiang K, et al
   Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in a fatal case of H5N1 avian influenza.
   J Exp Med. 2026;223:e20251962.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Gen Virol

9. VAN DIEMEN PM, Ramsay AM, Everett HE, Hurley S, et al
   Experimental infection of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) with influenza C or D viruses results in subclinical upper respiratory tract disease.
   J Gen Virol. 2025;106.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Immunol

10. ALBE JR, Chaudhary A, Khanna A, Weinstein K, et al
    Divergent effects of a Treg-selective IL-2 mutein on influenza-specific T cell responses.
    J Immunol. 2025 Dec 10:vkaf297. doi: 10.1093.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Infect

11. KITANO T, Tsuzuki S, Fukuda H, Yoshida S, et al
    Long-term impact of nirsevimab on prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection using a real-world global database.
    J Infect. 2025;91:106652.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Infect Dis

12. DAULAGALA P, Leung YWY, Luk LLH, Ho F, et al
    Anti-neuraminidase antibody responses in older adults after consecutive vaccinations with enhanced influenza vaccines: a randomized controlled trial.
    J Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 8:jiaf616. doi: 10.1093.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Neurosurg Pediatr

13. GELMAN K, Fletcher D, Li H, Wen S, et al
    The use of telehealth in pediatric neurosurgery for rural patients of Appalachia.
    J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2025;36:755-763.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Virol

14. KAR J, Hirohama M, Nakayama K, Lee S, et al
    Microtubule detyrosination links inflammasome activation to apoptotic cell death in macrophages upon influenza A virus infection.
    J Virol. 2025 Dec 9:e0184725. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01847.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Virol Methods

15. JAASKELAINEN AE, Pitkaranta A, Haaramo A, Nokso-Koivisto J, et al
    Saliva samples in SARS-Cov-2 virus detection compared to the nasopharyngeal RT-PCR findings in individuals with suspected COVID-19 infection.
    J Virol Methods. 2026;340:115295.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
16. MORWITZER MJ, Zheng YY, Friberg H, Currier JR, et al
    A split GFP approach to assay SARS-CoV-2 spike-dependent cell fusion.
    J Virol Methods. 2026;340:115296.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
17. THIBAUT J, Gambaro F, Geenen C, Hong SL, et al
    A novel methodology for assessing contact tracing precision: Phylogenetic validation of a contact tracing program for COVID-19 in Belgium.
    J Virol Methods. 2026;340:115279.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
18. GOSWAMI P, Chatterjee D, Ghosh S, Paira K, et al
    Ultra-diluted Bryonia alba extract modulates HMOX-1 gene expression to attenuate the pathogenetic effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD antigen.
    J Virol Methods. 2026;340:115274.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

19. IRVING SA, Rowley EAK, Chickery S, Natarajan K, et al
    Effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccines in Children in the United States - VISION, August 29, 2024-September 2, 2025.
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025;74:607-614.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
20. ZAMBRANO LD, Simeone RM, Newhams MM, Payne AB, et al
    Nirsevimab Effectiveness Against Intensive Care Unit Admission for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants - 24 States, December 2024-April 2025.
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025;74:580-588.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    N Engl J Med

21. NEUZIL KM
    Current and Emerging Approaches to Evaluating Influenza Vaccine Performance.
    N Engl J Med. 2025;393:2361-2362.
    PubMed        
    
    

    
    PLoS Biol

22. STERTZ S, Karakus U
    A new path to spillover: MHC-II entry of influenza A viruses.
    PLoS Biol. 2025;23:e3003550.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS Comput Biol

23. MORRIS DJ, Kennedy L, Black AJ
    Random time-shift approximation enables hierarchical Bayesian inference of mechanistic within-host viral dynamics models on large datasets.
    PLoS Comput Biol. 2025;21:e1013775.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
24. LEFEBVRE A, Marechal V, Gloaguen A, Lambert A, et al
    Unsupervised detection and fitness estimation of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Application to wastewater samples (ANRS0160).
    PLoS Comput Biol. 2025;21:e1013749.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
25. PINERO S, Li X, Liu L, Li J, et al
    Integrative multi-omics framework for causal gene discovery in Long COVID.
    PLoS Comput Biol. 2025;21:e1013725.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS One

26. PICARD-MEYER E, Wasniewski M, Boue F, Torres-Maravilla E, et al
    Lung infection in orally inoculated SARS-CoV-2 hamsters.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337915.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
27. HUSSEIN M, Gebreal A, Naeem A, AboElela AM, et al
    Cross-national disparities in healthcare workers' perceptions: Examining fear of infection and confidence in the received COVID-19 vaccines amid emerging variants.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0318788.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
28. LU X, Duan Y
    Channels and countermeasures of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on urban economic resilience: Lessons from China.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338499.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
29. CAO T, Pan W, Liang Z, Quan J, et al
    Investigation of the effect and mechanisms of moxa smoke in the treatment of Influenza A Virus (IAV) infection.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337906.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
30. SMIT PW, Man P, Brand H, Breijer S, et al
    Comparative evaluation of five rapid PCR platforms for respiratory virus detection.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338716.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
31. ABBASIZANJANI H, Bedston S, Akbari A
    Creating a Research-Ready Data Asset version of primary care data for Wales and investigating the impact of COVID-19 on utilisation of primary care services.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338652.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
32. YANG Y, Liang R, Luo Y, Zhu D, et al
    Investigation on the knowledge-attitude-practice of medical students in controlling emerging infectious diseases: A case study of COVID-19.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338708.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
33. JANKOWSKI JM, Sik K, Job V
    The relationship between lay beliefs about the world and pandemic-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338367.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
34. SADEH S, Ghaemi A, Soleimani NA, Moghbeli M, et al
    Designing influenza virus-derived cell-penetrating peptides for antigen delivery: Integrating uptake efficiency, safety, and receptor targeting.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338028.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
35. TUFON KA, Foumene TP, Esembeson M, Bolimo AF, et al
    Trends and factors associated with pneumonia mortality at Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon from 2020 to 2023.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0313234.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
36. MARINDA E, Naidoo Y, Magampa M, Pindo A, et al
    Changes in quality of life over time through the lens of young people aged 18-24 in 2016 in Gauteng Province of South Africa.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338312.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
37. CARNEY-KNISELY G, Pek J, Ferketich AK, Padamsee TJ, et al
    Depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and tobacco and marijuana use.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337996.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
38. CONTI S, Pariza P, Wolters A
    A synthetic control evaluation of the use of pulse oximeters in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in England.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337617.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
39. BEGAY RL, Brown HE, Sanderson PR, Harris RB, et al
    Dine traditional medicine use and wellbeing among navajo adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337427.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
40. COUDERT JF, Dadachova E, Maignant G, Jonathan S, et al
    Radon exposure and COVID-19 mortality in pre-vaccination period: What links might exist?
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337320.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
41. COSTA T
    The impossible confounder: Quantifying the limits of alternative explanations for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336063.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
42. DIAO YC, Lou MF
    Development and validation of the healthcare provider and family bidirectional digital communication scale.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0338410.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
43. GEORGE NA, Bradford L, Hinz A, El Kadi M, et al
    SARS-CoV-2 detection is independent of microbiome composition on surfaces in a major Ontario hospital.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0326403.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
44. HUUSKO M, Vuohijoki A, Ristolainen L, Leppilahti J, et al
    Implementation and staff perceptions of a quality assurance system in a finnish private hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A qualitative study.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0327271.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
45. PARUBETS S, Naito H
    Predicting economic activity using atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) satellite data: Evidence from local economic indicators in Japan.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337901.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
46. FUHRMANN V, Tyczynski B, Perez Ruiz de Garibay A, Bingold TM, et al
    The Advanced Organ Support (ADVOS) hemodialysis system fulfills its intended purpose: Analysis of data from 282 patients from the Registry on Extracorporeal Multiple Organ Support (EMOS).
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0318917.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Vaccine

47. CASWELL C, Pullenayegum E, Singh P, Ward BJ, et al
    Sex-differences in influenza vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity among Canadian Hutterite children.
    Vaccine. 2025;72:128102.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
48. WALTER EB, Schlaudecker EP, Talaat KR, Rountree W, et al
    Immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with either simultaneous or sequentially administered inactivated influenza vaccines: a randomized clinical trial.
    Vaccine. 2025;72:128072.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
49. SONG JY, Cheong HJ
    Understanding the low effectiveness of influenza vaccines in older adults of South Korea: an exploration of contributing factors.
    Vaccine. 2025;71:128076.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
50. MEYER AC, Braegelmann K, Orozco-Ruiz X, Kruppert S, et al
    Comparing uptake of high-dose and standard-dose influenza vaccination at the practice and patient level in Germany.
    Vaccine. 2025;71:128075.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
51. ASKAR M, Adel K, Batke M, Chi Y, et al
    Population effects of influenza vaccination in children and adolescents: Systematic review.
    Vaccine. 2025;71:128040.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
52. RICHARDSON RA, Moon C, Sands CM, Nelson R, et al
    Generation of a shelf-stable, broadly-reactive influenza vaccine formulated with TLR4, TLR7/8, or TLR9 stimulating adjuvants.
    Vaccine. 2025;72:128028.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
53. REEVES C, Miura SST, Chappell AR, Banaag A, et al
    Trends in influenza vaccination uptake in a universally insured population in the united states, 2017-2023.
    Vaccine. 2025;71:128052.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
54. ABBAD A, Lerman B, Ehrenhaus J, Ojeda DS, et al
    Sustained superior humoral immune responses of mRNA vaccines compared to Sputnik V viral vector COVID-19 vaccines in naive and convalescent populations.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128018.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
55. KIM SH, Kang MG, Jang JG, Kim Y, et al
    Severe COVID-19, vaccination, and mortality among individuals with asthma: A Nationwide population-based cohort study.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128017.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
56. HAMMOUD M, Smith AKJ, Sachs O, Bavinton BR, et al
    Drivers, barriers, and implications of mpox vaccine uptake in Australia among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: results from a prospective observational mixed-methods study (2022-2024).
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128041.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
57. LE TOURNEAU N, Sharma A, Pry JM, Haambokoma M, et al
    Drivers of decision-making for future adult vaccines: a best-worst scaling among community members and health care workers in Zambia.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128003.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
58. DEV AS, Broos HC, Llabre MM, Saab PG, et al
    Examining the independent and interactive roles of intolerance of uncertainty in vaccination intent.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128008.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
59. HUANG O, Tan BF, Lu CY
    Taiwanese parental perspectives on RSV: knowledge, risks, and acceptance toward immunization.
    Vaccine. 2026;70:128005.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
60. PICHE-RENAUD PP, Buchan CA, Burton C, Chapdelaine H, et al
    Revaccination of individuals with cardiac adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: A Canadian Immunization Research Network study.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128016.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
61. CHAU SL, Hung IFN, Luk TT, Chan SSC, et al
    The impacts of long COVID and booster doses of post-infection vaccination among hospital-discharged COVID-19 survivors in Hong Kong: A retrospective observational study.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128022.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
62. CHAZARIN B, Bhat AS, Sundararaman N, Liu Y, et al
    Longitudinal proteomic and autoantibody signatures after mRNA vaccination in healthy individuals.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:127888.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
63. VAHABI MM, Ketentzi S, Kahraman U, Erdem HA, et al
    A single center's 25-year experience with hepatitis B and pneumoccocal vaccines in heart transplant patients: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Vaccine. 2025;70:128023.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
64. VANASSE LT, Safdar B, Self WH, Zhu Y, et al
    Comparison of immunization information systems, electronic medical records, and self-report to ascertain RSV vaccination status among US adults aged >/=60 years, 2023-2024.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127946.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
65. LASRADO N, Rossler A, McConnell I, Molloy K, et al
    Immunogenicity of JN.1 and KP.2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127997.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
66. SCHUH HB, Delamater P, Proveaux TM, Dudley MZ, et al
    In a shifting policy era: California provider knowledge and practice of medical exemption laws during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Vaccine. 2026;69:127993.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
67. CRAMER EY, Dada AO, Onofrey S, Pearlman J, et al
    Population-based serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2 transmission 2021-2022, Massachusetts USA.
    Vaccine. 2026;69:127952.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
68. ILBOUDO DP, Simpore A, Sawadogo J, Ouattara AK, et al
    Acceptance, hesitancy, and ethical challenges of the COVID-19 vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127966.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
69. MARTINEZ-PEREZ A, Galvez RI, Grifoni A, Sette A, et al
    Impact of the bivalent COVID-19 booster on spike-specific t cell responses.
    Vaccine. 2026;69:127995.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
70. RAUPACH J, Housria Y, Hein S, Schnierle B, et al
    Comparative analysis of a flexible novel vaccine platform based on cell permeable chimeric HBV capsids for mucosal vaccination.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127987.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
71. CHAPMAN S, Christodoulaki ME, Davey SA, Gaffiero D, et al
    Understanding vaccine hesitancy: The role of fear and message framing in COVID-19 vaccination intention in adults in the UK.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127999.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
72. LEDDERER L, Nielsen KH, Skodborg L, Fage-Butler A, et al
    Public trust and mistrust of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic meta-narrative review.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127947.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
73. GRASSI CM, Feng J, Wahid R, Kandinov B, et al
    Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain and receptor-binding domain monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine in Japanese participants.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127960.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
74. RANA MM, Haydel B, Carrara G, Gleason C, et al
    Humoral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses are durable in solid organ transplant recipients with and without HIV.
    Vaccine. 2025;69:127969.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Virology

75. BRICE DC, Andreev K, Miller L, Patton C, et al
    Immunogenicity and efficacy of commercial poultry avian influenza vaccines against HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in Mexico.
    Virology. 2025;615:110765.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Virus Res

76. LUO L, Lv J
    Stochastic mutation as a mechanism for the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 new variants.
    Virus Res. 2025;362:199667.
    PubMed         Abstract available

Maize Deity (Chicomecoatl), Aztec Art (c.1450 - c.1521)

 

Public Domain.

Source: 

Link: https://www.wikiart.org/en/aztec-art/maize-deity-chicomecoatl

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History of Mass Transportation: A Stadler DMU, ''the Yellow Train'' during a trial service

 

Par fr:User:Cargocap — fr:Fichier:DSC00218.JPG, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4114677

Source: 

Link: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadler_Rail

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#Human monoclonal #antibodies that target clade 2.3.4.4b #H5N1 hemagglutinin

 

Abstract

The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has been spreading globally since 2022, causing mortality and morbidity in domestic and wild birds, as well as in mammals, which underscores its potential to cause a pandemic. Here, we generate a panel of anti-hemagglutinin (HA) human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the H5 protein of clade 2.3.4.4b. To develop human chimeric antibodies, H2L2 Harbor Mice®, which express human immunoglobulin germline genes, were immunized with H5 and N1 recombinant proteins from A/mallard/New York/22-008760-007- original/2022 H5N1 virus. Through hybridoma technology, sixteen fully human mAbs are generated, most of which show cross-reactivity against H5 proteins from different clade 2.3.4.4 virus variants. Fourteen out of the sixteen mAbs neutralize the virus in vitro. The mAbs with the strongest hemagglutination inhibition activity also demonstrate greater neutralizing capacity and show increased protective effects in vivo when administered prophylactically or therapeutically in a murine H5N1 challenge model. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we identify a cross-clonotype conserved motif that bound a hydrophobic groove on the head domain of H5 HA. Akin to mAbs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, these mAbs could serve as treatments in case of a widespread H5N1 epidemic or pandemic.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-66829-y

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#SARS-CoV-2 within-host population expansion, diversification and #adaptation in #zoo #tigers, #lions and #hyenas

 

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 rapidly adapts to new hosts following cross-species transmission; this is highly relevant as unique within-host variants have emerged following infection of susceptible wild and domestic animal species. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animals (e.g., white-tailed deer, mink, domestic cats, and others) back to humans has been observed, documenting the potential of animal-derived variants to infect humans. Here, we investigate SARS-CoV-2 evolution and host-specific adaptation during an outbreak in Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), African lions (Panthera leo), and spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) at Denver Zoo in 2021. SARS-CoV-2 genomes from longitudinal samples from 16 individuals are evaluated for within-host variation and genomic signatures of selection, and we determine that the outbreak was likely initiated by a single spillover of a rare Delta sublineage. Within-host virus populations rapidly expand and diversify, and we detect signatures of purifying and positive selection, including strong positive selection in hyenas and in the nucleocapsid (N) gene in all animals. Four candidate species-specific adaptive mutations are identified: N A254V in lions and hyenas, and ORF1a E1724D, spike T274I, and N P326L in hyenas. These results reveal accelerated SARS-CoV-2 adaptation following host shifts in three non-domestic species in daily contact with humans.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-66402-7

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History of Mass Transportation: The Renault ABH Autorail in service with the Chemins de Fer de la Corse

 

Par Didier Duforest — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12918351

Source: 

Link: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorail_Renault#

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#Risk #assessment of #SARS-CoV-2 #infection from external #surfaces and biological samples of #COVID19 corpses

 

Highlights

• Infectious SARS-CoV-2 were detected in nasopharynx and on the surface of corpses

• Viral load and symptom-to-discovery time are linked to viral infectivity

• Infectious viruses were not found in the body fluids

• Our findings highlight strict infection control for COVID-19 corpse handling

Abstract

Objectives

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. However, the risk of transmission from COVID-19 corpses remain unclear, posing challenges for forensic medicine in establishing effective infection control measures during autopsies. This study aimed to investigate the presence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in corpses and identify factors affecting viral infectivity.

Methods

External examinations of 76 corpses with COVID-19 were performed, and nasopharyngeal, perioral, hand swabs, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine samples were collected. Viral RNA was quantified by using digital PCR, and infectious viruses were assessed via isolation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with viral infectivity.

Results

Infectious viruses were isolated from the nasopharynx (51%), perioral region (10.3%), and hands (1.8%). Common predictive factors for nasopharyngeal and perioral viral infectivity were a higher viral load and shorter time from symptom onset. Detectable viral RNA in serum was also associated with nasopharyngeal infectivity. No infectious viruses were detected in serum, CSF, or urine samples.

Conclusions

Infectious SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the nasopharynx and on the surface of COVID-19 corpses. Viral infectivity correlated with viral load and time from symptom onset, highlighting the importance of strict infection control when handling COVID-19 corpses.

Source: 

Link: https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(25)00520-X/fulltext

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Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza #H5N1 Virus, #Argentina, 2025

 

Abstract

Genomic sequencing of reemerging highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus detected in Argentina in February 2025 revealed novel triple-reassortant viruses containing gene segments from Eurasian H5N1 and low pathogenicity viruses from South and North American lineages. Our findings highlight continued evolution and diversification of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in the Americas.

Source: 

Link: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/12/25-0783_article

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#USA, #Wastewater Data for Avian #Influenza #H5 (#US CDC, Dec. 12 '25)

 

{Excerpt}

Time Period: November 30, 2025 - December 06, 2025

-- H5 Detection: 2 site(s) (0.5%)

-- No Detection: 390 site(s) (99.5%)

-- No samples in last week: 54 site(s)

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/wwd-h5.html

____

Safety and immunogenicity of a #Nipah virus #vaccine (HeV-sG-V) in adults: a single-centre, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study

 

Summary

Background

First discovered in 1999 in Malaysia, Nipah virus (NiV) causes yearly outbreaks throughout south and southeast Asia with associated mortality rates of 40–75%. Due to the structural and sequence similarities between the NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) attachment G glycoproteins, and the extensive extant evidence of the ability of a recombinant soluble glycoprotein G (HeV-sG) to provide heterologous cross-protective immunity when used as vaccine (HeV-sG-V), this study aimed to evaluate HeV-sG-V for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity against NiV.

Methods

We conducted a phase 1, single-centre, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eligible participants were aged 18–49 years, healthy, and not pregnant; participants were ineligible if they were immunocompromised, had received blood products within 6 months of enrolment, had potential exposure to NiV or HeV, or had known allergies to components of the vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned in a 5:1 ratio to receive either one or two doses of the vaccine candidate (at 10 μg for the first cohort; 30 μg at days 1 and either days 8 or 29 for cohort 2; and 100 μg with the same timing for cohort 3) or placebo. The primary endpoints were solicited and unsolicited adverse events, clinically significant laboratory test result abnormalities, medically attended adverse events, and serious adverse events. Secondary endpoints were serum IgG binding via ELISA and neutralising antibody responses against prototypical NiV Bangladesh (NiVB) and NiV Malaysia (NiVM) reporter viruses.

Findings

Between Feb 24, 2020, and Oct 6, 2021, 268 participants were screened, and 192 were enrolled. 173 (90%) participants met the per-protocol criteria. Mild-to-moderate injection site pain was the most commonly reported adverse event. No serious adverse events, hospitalisations, or deaths were reported. The immune response to HeV-sG-V was dose-dependent; a single administration was not sufficiently immunogenic, whereas two administrations were immunogenic, with the highest response rates observed among vaccinees that received two administrations of the 100 μg HeV-sG-V 28 days apart (neutralising antibody geometric mean titres rose dramatically 7 days after the second investigational product dose, reaching 1485·6 (990·5–2228·1) and 2581·9 (147·1–3194·2) for NiVB and NiVM, respectively).

Interpretation

All three doses and regimens of HeV-sG-V had a tolerable risk profile and were able to induce an immune response. The induction of antibodies within 1 month of vaccination, along with the persistence afforded by two dosages, suggests the vaccine candidate has potential for reactive outbreak control and preventive use.

Funding

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Source: 

Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01390-X/abstract?rss=yes

____

#Vaccine-induced #antigenic #drift of a #human-origin #H3N2 #Influenza A virus in swine alters glycan binding and sialic acid avidity

 

Abstract

Interspecies transmission of human influenza A viruses (FLUAV) to swine occurs frequently, yet the molecular factors driving adaptation remain poorly understood. Here we investigated how vaccine-induced immunity shapes the evolution of a human-origin H3N2 virus in pigs using an in vivo sustained transmission model. Pigs (seeders) were vaccinated with a commercial inactivated swine vaccine and then infected with an antigenically distinct FLUAV containing human-origin HA/NA. Contact pigs were introduced two days later. After 3 days, seeder pigs were removed, and new contacts introduced. This was repeated for a total of 4 contacts. Sequencing of nasal swab samples showed the emergence of mutations clustered near the HA receptor binding site, enabling immune escape and abolishing binding to N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Mutant viruses recognized α2,6-sialosides with 3 N-acetyllactosamine repeats, which are rare in swine lungs, while the parental virus bound structures with a minimum of 2 repeats. Adaptative HA mutations enhanced avidity for α2,6-linked sialic acid, likely compensating for the low abundance of extended glycans. Notably, residues outside the canonical HA binding pocket contribute to glycan binding, suggesting a trade-off between receptor breadth and avidity. These findings show that non-neutralizing immunity promotes viral adaptation by fine-tuning receptor engagement and immune evasion.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Source: 

Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693614v1

____

High pathogenicity avian #influenza virus #H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) drives mass #mortality in Eurasian #crane (Grus grus) populations in #Germany, 2025

 

Abstract

In autumn 2025, an unprecedented mass mortality event was observed among the western migrating subpopulation of Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in Germany. Systemic infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype DI.2.1, was identified as the cause of acute death. The gregarious behavior of cranes at feeding and resting sites likely has contributed to the rapid and massive dissemination of viruses within the crane population.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funder Information Declared

European Union, 101084171

Source: 

Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692485v1

____

Seasonal #influenza - #Global #situation (#WHO, Dec. 10 '25, excerpts)

 

10 December 2025

Situation at a glance

Seasonal influenza (‘the flu’) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses that circulate globally and year-round. 

It can cause illness ranging from mild to severe, sometimes resulting in hospitalization or death. 

Seasonal influenza activity has increased globally in recent months, with an increased proportion of seasonal influenza A(H3N2) viruses being detected. 

This rise coincides with the onset of winter in the northern hemisphere and an increase in acute respiratory infections caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses typically observed at this time of year. 

Although global activity remains within expected seasonal ranges, early increases and higher activity than typical at this time of year have been observed in some regions. 

Seasonal influenza viruses, including A(H3N2) viruses, continually evolve over time. 

Since August 2025, there has been a rapid increase of A(H3N2) J.2.4.1 alias K subclade viruses detected from several countries based on available genetic sequence data. 

These subclade K viruses have several changes from related A(H3N2) viruses. 

Current epidemiological data do not indicate an increase in disease severity, although this subclade marks a notable evolution in influenza A(H3N2) viruses. 

Early estimates suggest that the influenza vaccine continues to provide protection against hospital attendance in both children and adults, even though its effectiveness against clinical disease during the current season remains uncertain. 

Vaccines remain essential, especially for people at high risk of influenza complications and their care givers. 

Even if there are some genetic differences between the circulating influenza viruses and the strains included in the vaccines, the seasonal influenza vaccine may still provide protection against drifted viruses and the other virus strains included in the vaccine. 

Vaccination is still expected to protect against severe illness and remains one of the most effective public health measures. 

WHO continues to monitor global influenza activity and influenza viruses, supports countries in surveillance capacity and updates guidance as needed.

Description of the situation

Globally, influenza activity has increased since October 2025 with influenza A viruses predominant among the viruses detected globally.

In many northern hemisphere countries, acute respiratory infection levels increase at this time of year. 

These increases are typically caused by seasonal epidemics of respiratory pathogens such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other common respiratory viruses. 

The exact timing of the onset, the duration, magnitude and the severity of each epidemic might vary by location, influenced by multiple factors such as type of circulating viruses (including influenza and other respiratory pathogens), relative population immunity and environmental conditions.

In the northern hemisphere, some countries have reported early starts to the influenza season. 

In other countries, influenza activity is starting to increase, but has not yet reached the epidemic threshold.

In the southern hemisphere, some countries have had unusually long seasons compared to previous years, with virus activity remaining higher than usual in recent months.

Global influenza surveillance and monitoring is conducted through the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), a WHO-coordinated network of over 160 institutions in 131 Member States. 

GISRS is tasked with conducting year-round surveillance and monitoring of influenza viruses and serving as the global alert mechanism for the emergence of novel influenza viruses and other respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential.

In the northern hemisphere temperate and sub-tropical countries, areas and territories, influenza activity was generally low from June to August 2025. 

Activity gradually increased in September and continued to increase through November 2025. Influenza A viruses, especially A(H3N2) viruses, predominated during this period (...).

In the southern hemisphere temperate and sub-tropical countries, areas and territories, influenza activity generally decreased from June 2025 and remained low through August. 

However, a slight increase has been observed since September. 

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated in June and July; however, A(H3N2) viruses have predominated since September (...).

In tropical areas, there has been sustained influenza activity from June through November. 

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated through July. Since then, the proportion of influenza A(H3N2) viruses among reported detections has increased and has become predominant since the end of September (...).

(...)

Genetic characteristics of recent seasonal influenza viruses

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses continue to circulate in all regions albeit at low levels.

Influenza A(H3N2) viruses

Based on genetic sequence data available in GISAID, a mixture of A(H3N2) haemagglutinin (HA) clades and subclades are currently circulating globally; however, there has been a recent and rapid rise in a particular  subclade of A(H3N2), J.2.4.1 (alias subclade K Nextclade/Nextstrain nomenclature). 

A(H3N2) subclade K viruses have genetically drifted from related J.2.4 viruses and have several amino acid changes in their HA in comparison. 

Detections of subclade K viruses are increasing in many parts of the world, with the exception, to date, of South America. 

Subclade K viruses were particularly evident from August 2025 in Australia and New Zealand and have now been detected in more than 34 countries over the last 6 months.

(...)

Overview of seasonal influenza by WHO Region

African region

Influenza detections in the WHO African Region overall increased in October with influenza A(H3N2) predominant. 

The timing and predominant virus varied by zone. 

In the western part of the region, influenza detections increased in September and October with A(H3N2) predominant since October. 

All seasonal subtypes have been detected continuously in the middle and eastern parts of the region. 

Influenza activity peaked in May 2025 in South Africa with almost exclusively A(H3N2) detections; in recent weeks influenza activity has increased slightly but remained low.

Eastern Mediterranean Region

While influenza activity in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region overall increased in October with A(H3N2) viruses predominant, there were variations by zone. 

In countries in the northern part of the region, influenza detections increased in October with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominant and lesser proportions of influenza A(H3N2) and B virus detections reported. 

In the Arabian Peninsula, influenza detections also increased in October but with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominant.

European Region

As of 21 November 2025, reported rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or acute respiratory infection (ARI) in primary care were at baseline levels for most countries and areas of the WHO European Region. 

However, detections were increasing and regionally pooled test percent positivity in primary care sentinel surveillance rose above 10% in weeks 45 and 46 (ending on 15 November), marking the start of the 2025/26 influenza season for the European Region. 

This was approximately four weeks earlier than the median, but not out of the ordinary, with epidemiological trends similar to those observed in the 2022/23 influenza season.

Influenza activity was variable between countries, with those in the west of the Region generally seeing earlier increases of influenza indicators compared to others. 

Influenza admissions, detections, and percent positivity in hospital surveillance were also increasing from inter-seasonal levels, with a higher proportion aged 65 years or older. 

A majority of influenza detections from sentinel and non-sentinel primary care and hospital surveillance systems were A(H3N2) viruses.

Region of the Americas

During the 2025 southern hemisphere season in the Americas, influenza transmission exceeded the seasonal threshold in mid-March, remaining mostly at low to moderate levels. 

Circulation was driven by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, reaching a peak positivity of 19%. 

Activity then declined to low levels until the end of August, when an increase in circulation was observed, associated with influenza A(H3N2) in Brazil and Chile. 

As of beginning of November, Chile remains at moderate levels of influenza A(H3N2) transmission, without evidence of increased severity or rises in outpatient consultations. 

As of 4 November 2025, subclade K had not been detected in South America.

In the northern hemisphere countries of the Americas, during week 45 of 2025, seasonal influenza circulation remained low, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominating in the Caribbean and Central America. 

In North America, influenza activity—although still low—was increasing, mainly driven by influenza A virus detections. 

While most detections in Mexico were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, a predominance of influenza A(H3N2) has been observed in the United States and Canada, with growing detections of the A(H3N2) subclade K.

South-East Asia Region

Influenza detections in the South-East Asia Region started increasing from June,  peaked in August and since then  have generally remained low with some exceptions. 

During the 2025 till November, the proportion of Influenza A among all influenza viruses tested positive was 66% Influenza A(H3N2) was the predominant sub-type (43%) in transmission followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 (~20%). 

In Thailand, influenza detections of predominantly A(H3N2) increased in October and November. 

Influenza A(H3N2) detections also increased since July in Bangladesh and October in Sri Lanka. 

While the region has seen an increase in Influenza A(H3N2), 22 sequences of   subclade K have   been reported in GISAID from Nepal (1), India (4) and Thailand (17) as of 30 November.

Western Pacific Region

Since the beginning of October 2025, influenza seasonal activity has increased in the Western Pacific Region. 

In some countries, including Japan and the Republic of Korea, the onset of the typical seasonal influenza activity period started earlier than in previous years. 

As of 9 November 2025, influenza positivity ranged from 8% to 56% in the northern hemisphere countries. 

In southern hemisphere countries, influenza activity shows mixed trends; positivity has declined in Australia, remains high in New Zealand and is rapidly increasing in Fiji. 

The elevated influenza activity in New Zealand and Fiji is unusual for this time of the year.

The predominant circulating influenza subtype is influenza A(H3N2), marking a shift from A(H1N1)pdm09, which predominated during the 2024-2025 northern hemisphere winter season. 

The increases in influenza have predominantly been driven by the expansion of A(H3N2) subclade K, which represents 89% of sequences submitted to GISAID from the Western Pacific Region (as of 21 November 2025). 

Epidemiology

Seasonal influenza (the flu) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses that circulate globally and year-round. In temperate regions, seasonal influenza typically peaks during the winter months, whereas in tropical areas, influenza viruses can circulate year-round with seasonality and intensity that varies across countries.  

There are four types of influenza viruses, types A, B, C and D. Influenza A and B viruses circulate and cause seasonal epidemics of disease:

Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes according to the combinations of the proteins on the surface of the virus. Currently circulating in humans are subtype A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) influenza viruses. Influenza B viruses are not classified into subtypes but can be broken down into lineages. Influenza type B viruses belong to either B/Yamagata or B/Victoria lineage.

Influenza spreads easily between people when they cough or sneeze. Influenza disease can cause illness ranging from mild to severe, sometimes resulting in hospitalization or death. While most individuals recover within a week without need for medical care, influenza can lead to serious complication including death, especially among high-risk groups such as young children, the elderly, pregnant women and those with underlying conditions. Health and care workers are at high risk of acquiring influenza virus infection due to increased exposure to the patients, and of further spreading particularly to vulnerable individuals.

Public health response

WHO is enhancing national, regional, and global capacities for influenza preparedness and response, including:

-- continuous global monitoring of influenza viruses and disease activity;

-- issuing seasonal influenza vaccine composition recommendations for both hemispheres;

-- providing technical guidance to Member States on vaccine selection and campaign timing;

-- supporting countries in developing prevention and control strategies;

-- enhancing diagnostic capabilities and laboratory networks;

-- monitoring vaccine effectiveness and susceptibility to approved antivirals;

-- supporting disease surveillance and outbreak response activities;

-- promoting increased vaccine coverage among high-risk groups;

-- facilitating research and development of new therapeutics and countermeasures; and

-- enhancing risk communication for the onset of the influenza season.

WHO risk assessment

Seasonal influenza activity has increased globally in recent months, and influenza A(H3N2) viruses are predominant. 

This rise coincides with the onset of winter in the northern hemisphere. 

Epidemics and outbreaks of seasonal influenza and other circulating respiratory viruses can place significant pressure on healthcare systems.  

Although global activity remains within expected seasonal ranges, early increases and higher activity than typical at this time of year have been observed in some regions. 

Seasonal influenza could place significant pressure on healthcare systems even in non-temperate countries. 

Genetically drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses, known as subclade K viruses, have been detected in many countries. 

While data on how well the vaccine works against clinical disease this season are still limited, vaccination is still expected to protect against severe illness and remains one of the most effective public health measures. 

WHO advice

Surveillance

Due to the constantly evolving nature of influenza viruses, WHO continues to stress the importance of year-round global surveillance to detect and monitor virological, epidemiological and clinical changes associated with emerging or circulating influenza viruses that may affect human health and timely virus sharing for risk assessment.  Countries are encouraged to remain vigilant to the threat of influenza viruses and review any unusual epidemiological patterns.

WHO advises Member States to maintain surveillance for respiratory pathogens through an integrated approach, considering country context, priorities, resources and capacities. WHO has published guidance on integrated respiratory virus surveillance. WHO has also updated guidance on assessing influenza epidemic and pandemic severity, including the impact on healthcare facilities.

Clinical management and prophylaxis

Clinical care for seasonal influenza focuses on identifying illness severity, assessing risk of progression, and linking to definitive care. Most cases are mild and self-limiting, but severe disease, marked by respiratory distress, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome or multi-organ failure, requires urgent supportive care and often hospitalization. Clinical management of influenza involves high-quality supportive care—oxygen therapy, monitoring, hydration and respiratory support—and is foundational to improving outcomes, especially in severe cases.

Diagnostic testing should support rapid decision-making: nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is conditionally recommended for confirmation of suspected disease in severely unwell patients, while either NAAT or digital immunoassay may be used for non-severe cases, depending on context and resource availability. Testing should be performed early with the aim of identifying people in need of treatment and linking them to care, including antivirals where indicated.

Patients at high risk of progressing to severe disease are likely to benefit from antiviral to reduce their chance of admission to hospital. High-risk groups include adults ≥65 years, those with immunocompromising conditions, chronic cardiovascular, neurological or respiratory disease; malignancy, pregnancy and diabetes further elevate risk. Individuals ≥85 years or those with multiple risk factors are considered extremely high risk and might be considered for antiviral prophylaxis if exposed to influenza.

Infection prevention and control measures in health-care settings

Seasonal influenza is known to cause health care-associated infection outbreaks, in particular in long-term care facilities. WHO advises the use of syndromic screening at all entry points to health-care settings and as part of daily inpatient assessment to ensure that patients with suspected or confirmed infections that are transmissible in health-care settings, including influenza, are identified as soon as possible and that appropriate transmission-based precautions are implemented. WHO advises the use of droplet precautions when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza. This includes appropriate patient placement (isolation) of suspected or confirmed cases, and the use of a medical mask by all health and care workers and visitors when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza.

Appropriate risk assessment for additional personal protective equipment (e.g. eye protection, filtering facepiece respirators, gown, gloves) should be performed by health and care workers when caring for patients with influenza. 

Increased risk of influenza transmission may occur instances where care activities or patient symptoms are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions onto mucosa of eyes, nose or mouth; or if in close contact with a patient with respiratory symptoms (e.g. coughing/sneezing) and sprays of secretions may reach the mucosa of eyes, nose or mouth directly, or indirectly via contaminated hands. When performing an aerosol-generating procedure on patients with suspected or confirmed influenza, patient placement in an airborne infection isolation room as well as airborne and contact precautions with eye protection are advised.

Vaccination

Vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza disease. Safe and effective vaccines have been used for more than 60 years. Influenza viruses are constantly changing, so the composition of the seasonal influenza vaccine is regularly updated to contain viruses that are more related to those circulating. WHO, through the Global Influenza Programme and GISRS, in collaboration with partners, continuously monitors influenza viruses and activity globally and recommends seasonal influenza vaccine compositions in February and September for the following northern and southern hemisphere influenza seasons, respectively.

WHO recommends annual vaccination for high-risk groups, including health and care workers. People should ideally get vaccinated just before the influenza season begins for the most effective coverage, although getting vaccinated at any time during the influenza season can still help prevent flu infections. While the effectiveness of the vaccine may vary across seasons and risk groups, it reduces disease severity and lowers the chance of complications and death. Vaccination is especially important for people at high risk of influenza complications and their caregivers.

Genetic changes or drift can occur in the circulating influenza viruses before or during the influenza season, including during the time between vaccine strain selection and the influenza season. Even if there are some genetic differences between the circulating influenza viruses and the strains that are included in the vaccines, the seasonal influenza vaccine may still provide protection against drifted viruses. Current vaccines include three influenza viruses: influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses. Therefore, circulation of a drifted virus does not always result in seasonal influenza vaccines being less effective in offering protection against influenza associated illness.

As of now, it remains unclear how the vaccine will protect against clinical disease during this current season. However, early vaccine effectiveness estimates show the current vaccine is 70 to 75% effective at preventing hospital attendance in children aged 2 to 17 years and 30 to 40% effective in adults.[1],[2]

Public health and social measures in the community

The implementation of appropriate and proportionate public health and social measures (PHSM) is an essential component in the overall response to seasonal influenza epidemics. 

Measures such as performing hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette as well as voluntary self-isolation and mask wearing of individuals who are symptomatic or have tested positive for influenza viruses can reduce transmission of influenza viruses.  

Countries should consider developing a plan to scale up additional PHSM in the event of high or extraordinarily high epidemics.  

Risk communication and community engagement

Member States should consider to update and strengthen their risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategy integrating respiratory viruses. Enhanced risk communication and community engagement approach support empowerment of individuals to make informed decisions, countering misinformation, and community-led protection strategies.

Clear, regular, evidence-based, culturally acceptable and context adapted RCCE approaches are essential for building and maintaining trust with the concerned and affected populations to ensure adoption of interventions, practices and behaviours. For RCCE efforts to be successful, it is vital that national policies for RCCE incorporate community engagement and feedback mechanisms that acknowledge and address contextual challenges faced by different population groups, particularly those made most vulnerable. The integration of RCCE approaches to promote vaccination against influenza is also recommended.

WHO does not recommend any restriction on travel to or trade with the countries named in this report, based on the information available on the current event.  

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2025-DON586

____

#Human #Infection with Avian #Influenza #H10N3 Virus, #China, 2024

 

Abstract

We describe the clinical symptoms and epidemiologic characteristics of a patient infected with avian influenza A(H10N3) virus in Guangxi Province, China, in December 2024. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the virus was highly homologous to a virus from Yunnan Province. H10 subtype viruses should be monitored for potential zoonotic or reassortant events.

{From Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, US CDC.}

Sources: 

Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41237415/

____

Innate #antiviral readiness drives the expansion of protective T #stem cell memory against #influenza

 

Abstract

The development of T-cell-based influenza vaccines relies on eliciting broad CD8+ T-cell immunity, wherein T stem cell-like memory (TSCM) cells serve as the ultimate long-lived reservoir for immune memory, thereby unlocking the potential for durable protection against viral drift and shift. However, the specific immunological cues that drive the robust expansion and functional preservation of this self-renewing, multipotent subset remain unknown. Here, utilizing multi-omic systems immunology in a pediatric cohort immunized with live attenuated influenza vaccine, we identified the determinants governing the expansion of influenza virus-reactive TSCM cells. We show that a pre-existing state of innate antiviral readiness, defined by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell-associated type I interferon signature, is the requisite condition for a robust TSCM expansion. Mechanistically, this baseline innate state enhances antigen priming and enforces a qualitative divergence in T-cell fate, driving responders toward a functionally poised, Th1-dominant phenotype while non-responders default to a dysfunctional, hyper-proliferative state. To determine the clinical relevance of this cellular subset, we analyzed an independent controlled human influenza challenge study. This validation revealed a critical functional division of labor in host defense: whereas pre-existing antibodies primarily mitigated symptom severity, the baseline frequency of influenza virus-reactive TSCM cells was the strongest predictor of rapid viral load clearance. These findings establish that the expansion of durable cellular memory is not stochastic but is predetermined by the innate cytokine environment, providing a predictive biomarker for patient stratification and a validated target for adjuvants designed to expand the TSCM reservoir deliberately.

Competing Interest Statement

A.J.P. was previously the Chair of the UK Department of Health and Social Care's Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and is a member of WHOs Product Development Advisory Committee. The A.G.-S. laboratory has received research support from Avimex, Dynavax, Pharmamar, 7Hills Pharma, ImmunityBio, and Accurius. A.G.-S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Castlevax, Amovir, Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, CureLab Oncology, CureLab Veterinary, Synairgen, Paratus, Pfizer, Virofend and Prosetta. A.G.-S. has been an invited speaker in meeting events organized by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott, Astrazeneca and Novavax. A.G.-S. is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, US. Other authors declare no competing interests.

Funder Information Declared

European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship, 796636

NIAID, 75N93021C00014

Flu Lab

Source: 

Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.06.692757v1

____

#Kazakhstan - #Influenza A #H5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification [FINAL]

{Greylag Goose}

{Mallards}

A Greylag Goose, two Mallards  in Aqmola Region.

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7093

____