Increased mortality of poultry, clinical signs, commercial holding of pheasants, hens, ducks, geese, peacocks.
Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6486
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Monday, May 19, 2025
#Czech Republic - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Pharmacodynamic Effect of Different Dosage Regimes of #Oseltamivir in Severe #Influenza Patients Requiring Mechanical #Ventilation: A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives
This randomised controlled trial evaluated whether higher doses of oseltamivir would improve virological and clinical outcomes in severe influenza patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.
Methods
Forty intubated adult patients with severe influenza A or B from four intensive care units in Hong Kong were enrolled and randomised to receive either a double dose (300 mg/day) or a triple dose (450 mg/day) of oseltamivir for 10 days. Baseline data were collected, and outcomes were assessed daily using SOFA and Murray scores. Viral RNA was quantified from nasopharyngeal and tracheal aspirates. The primary outcome was the viral clearance rate after 5 days of treatment; secondary outcomes included 28-day and hospital mortality rates, changes in viral load, and serial SOFA and Murray scores.
Results
Viral clearance rates after 5 days of treatment were low and similar between the double (3/20, 15%) and triple-dose groups (2/20, 10%). No significant differences were observed in 28-day mortality, hospital mortality, ICU length of stay or duration of mechanical ventilation between the double and triple-dose groups. However, patients receiving triple doses exhibited a faster decline in influenza A viral load but had a longer hospital length of stay.
Conclusions
Triple doses of oseltamivir did not significantly improve virological or clinical outcomes compared with double doses in severe influenza.
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irv.70109
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Brazil - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification
The Official Veterinary Services (OVS) received a notification of acute mortality and neurological signs in swans in a zoo. Laboratory analysis identified H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b. OVS is conducting an epidemiological investigation of the event.
Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6485
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Korea (Rep. of) - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Modeling Effects of Routine #Screening for Accidental #Lab-Acquired #Infections on #Risk of Potential #Pandemic Pathogen #Escape from High-Biosafety Research Facilities
Abstract
Accidental lab–acquired infections (LAIs) risk releasing potential pandemic pathogens (PPPs) from BSL–3/4 facilities. We constructed a stochastic network infectious disease model to simulate how the probability of an outbreak of a pathogen resembling wild–type SARS–COV–2, following an initial LAI would be influenced by test–and–isolate interventions over a 100–day horizon. We varied test frequency (0–7 tests/week), peak sensitivity (50–100%), and isolation delay (0–3 days). For each of 192 parameter combinations, we conducted 1,000 simulations and used logistic regression to quantify how each parameter influenced the likelihood of an outbreak of 50 or more infections. Results indicated that even relatively infrequent routine testing significantly reduced the risk of outbreaks under diverse plausible scenarios, with greater reductions achieved at higher test frequencies. Once-weekly testing reduced outbreak risk by 52% under optimistic assumptions (80% sensitivity, 1–day delay) and by 29% under pessimistic assumptions (50% sensitivity, 2–day delay). Testing two and five times weekly yielded risk reductions of up to 62% and 71%, respectively, under optimistic assumptions, and 43% and 55%, respectively, under pessimistic assumptions. Logistic regression showed each additional weekly test decreased outbreak odds by 20%, each 10–point increase in test sensitivity reduced odds by 10%, and each additional isolation delay day increased odds by 15.5%. Interaction analyses revealed that longer isolation delays attenuated the protective effects of higher testing frequency and sensitivity. Routine lab worker screening with prompt isolation substantially mitigates PPP escape risks. High–frequency testing has the greatest impact, and policymakers should consider implementing regular screening protocols.
Source: MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.16.25327796v1
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Sunday, May 18, 2025
Baptism of St Zenobius and His Appointment as Bishop (Sandro Botticelli, 1500 - 05)
Public Domain.
Source: WikiArt, https://www.wikiart.org/en/sandro-botticelli/baptism-of-st-zenobius-and-his-appointment-as-bishop-1505
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Evolution of #Antiviral Drug #Resistance in #SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact and continues to alarm the entire world due to the rapid emergence of new variants, even after mass vaccinations. There is still an urgent need for new antivirals or strategies to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, we have success stories with nirmatrelvir. Drug repurposing and drug discovery may lead to a successful SARS-CoV-2 antiviral; however, rapid drug use may cause unexpected mutations and antiviral drug resistance. Conversely, novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 can diminish the neutralizing efficacy of vaccines, thereby enhancing viral fitness and increasing the likelihood of drug resistance emergence. Additionally, the disposal of antivirals in wastewater also contributes to drug resistance. Overall, the present review summarizes the strategies and mechanisms involved in the development of drug resistance in SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the mechanism of antiviral resistance is crucial to mitigate the significant healthcare threat and to develop effective therapeutics against drug resistance.
Source: Viruses, https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/722
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#WHO #clinical practice #guidelines for #influenza: an #update
Abstract
Background
Every year, more than one billion people around the world are infected with influenza, an acute infection of the respiratory tract. Influenza spreads from person to person through air, contaminated hands or objects. Antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are available for treatment of patients and prophylaxis of exposed persons. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and rapid tests are available for the diagnosis of influenza.
Objective
The aim of this World Health Organization (WHO) guideline is to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, drug treatment and prophylaxis of influenza.
Method
This updated guideline has been developed in accordance with standards for trustworthy guidelines. The recommendations are based on systematic reviews on safety and effectiveness. They take into account the magnitude of benefits and harms of treatments, the reliability of the evidence, and the needs of patients and healthcare professionals.
Results
For non-severe influenza, there is a conditional recommendation to use baloxavir if the risk of severe illness is high. Antivirals are not recommended if the risk is low. There is also a strong recommendation against the use of antibiotics if bacterial co-infection is unlikely. Oseltamivir is conditionally recommended for severe influenza. Not recommended are peramivir and zanamivir, as well as macrolide antibiotics (in the absence of co-infection), mTOR inhibitors and plasma therapy, and corticosteroids. Baloxavir and oseltamivir are conditionally recommended for prophylaxis in asymptomatic persons who have been exposed to seasonal influenza viruses and would be at very high risk of becoming hospitalised. For zoonotic influenza, laninamivir and zanamivir are also conditionally recommended in addition to baloxavir and oseltamivir, regardless of individual risk. For diagnosis, the use of NAAT or digital immunoassay (DIA) for suspected non-severe influenza and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for suspected severe influenza is recommended.
Source: Gesundheitswesen, https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-2571-3357#info
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Saturday, May 17, 2025
#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (by AMEDEO, May 17 '25)
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Loss of Lung Function Led to Loss of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (by AMEDEO, May 17 '25)
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High-resolution structure reveals enhanced 14-3-3 binding by a mutant SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein variant with improved replicative fitness.
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PubMed Abstract available - SOARES P, Gomez V, Gaio V, Santos JA, et al
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PubMed Abstract available - DELGADO-ALONSO C, Matias-Guiu JA, Alvarado JM, Diez-Cirarda M, et al
Computerized neuropsychological assessment in post-COVID condition.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0322304.
PubMed Abstract available - NOVELLI S, Reinkemeyer C, Bulaev D, O'Sullivan MP, et al
Waning of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: A 12-month-evaluation in three population-based European studies.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0320196.
PubMed Abstract available - WANG H, Lu L, Liu Z, Sun Y, et al
Study on measurement and prediction of agricultural product supply chain resilience based on improved EW-TOPSIS and GM (1,1)-Markov models under public emergencies.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0321248.
PubMed Abstract available - LUKASCHEK K, Hentschel H, Rottenkolber M, Alberer M, et al
Association of mental health, quality of life, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals in need of care: Results from a multicentre registry study.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0323017.
PubMed Abstract available - TURNER MM, Jang Y, Heo R, Ye Q, et al
Mask wearing as a prosocial behavior: Proposing and testing the moral norms activation model.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0322921.
PubMed Abstract available - GIERTHMUEHLEN M, Gierthmuehlen PC
COVIVA: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation on fatigue-syndrome in patients with Long Covid - A placebo-controlled pilot study protocol.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0315606.
PubMed Abstract available - FRANCIS MJ
A rapid human vaccine process development map outlining lessons learnt from ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127040.
PubMed Abstract available - BLACKWELL CK, Bekelman T, Bakre S, Jacobson LP, et al
Sociodemographic differences in parental hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccine.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127041.
PubMed Abstract available - FRIVOLD C, Giersing B, Amorij JP, Mvundura M, et al
Identification of potential vaccines for use with microarray patches in low- and middle-income countries: An assessment from the Vaccine Innovation Prioritisation Strategy Alliance.
Vaccine. 2025;55:126996.
PubMed Abstract available - GAGNON D, Gubany C, Ouakki M, Malo B, et al
Factors influencing acceptance of RSV immunization for newborns among pregnant individuals: A mixed-methods study.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127062.
PubMed Abstract available - TIRUNEH YM, Choi J, Cuccaro PM, Martinez J, et al
Sociodemographic and health-related predictors of COVID-19 booster uptake among fully vaccinated adults.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127048.
PubMed Abstract available - NEWBERN EC, Shoaibi A, Haynes K, Blacketer C, et al
A rapid cycle analytics framework for vaccine safety surveillance within a real-world data network: Experience with enhanced surveillance of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127044.
PubMed Abstract available - TILMANNE A, Pirson M, Leclercq P, Van Den Bulcke J, et al
Evaluation of the costs of care for pediatric patients hospitalized for RSV: A retrospective cohort study in Belgium.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127065.
PubMed Abstract available - CENAT JM, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Dalexis RD, Xu Y, et al
Vaccine hesitancy among racially diverse parents in Canada: The important role of health literacy, conspiracy beliefs and racial discrimination.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127049.
PubMed Abstract available - JIANG J, Lam KF, Lau EHY, Yin G, et al
Estimation of trajectory of COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness against infection.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127067.
PubMed Abstract available - PEREZ MARC G, Coria LM, Ceballos A, Rodriguez JM, et al
Immunogenicity and safety of monovalent and bivalent SARS-CoV-2 variant adapted RBD-based protein booster vaccines in adults previously immunized with different vaccine platforms: A phase II/III, randomized clinical trial.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127045.
PubMed Abstract available - ALVES K, Kouassi A, Plested JS, Kalkeri R, et al
Immunogenicity and safety of a monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine in previously unvaccinated, SARS-CoV-2 seropositive participants: Primary day-28 analysis of a phase 2/3 open-label study.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127046.
PubMed Abstract available - PAYNE AB, Novosad S, Sung HM, Zhang Y, et al
Effectiveness of 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among adults aged >/=18 years with end stage kidney disease - United States, September 2023-April 2024.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127010.
PubMed Abstract available - PRALL S, Lopes A
"Better to die trying": Vaccine perceptions and COVID-19 experiences in rural Namibian pastoralists.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127061.
PubMed Abstract available - LA EM, Sweeney C, Davenport E, Bunniran S, et al
Pharmacy and healthcare provider offices as convenient adult vaccination settings in the US: Patient experiences from a survey of recently-vaccinated adults.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127057.
PubMed Abstract available - LEYNS C, McClenaghan E, Rodriguez P, Nguipdop-Djomo P, et al
Hybrid, vaccine-induced and natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in traditional food markets in Bolivia (2020-2022): A cross-sectional analysis of a serological survey.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127104.
PubMed Abstract available - ENTRICAN G, Bredell H, Charlier J, Cunningham AF, et al
Opportunities and challenges for the adoption of novel platform technologies to develop veterinary bacterial vaccines.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127117.
PubMed Abstract available - WEETS CM, Wilson R, Swadley H, Katz R, et al
Strengthening health security through routine vaccination policy: A comprehensive analysis of childhood vaccination laws across 194 countries.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127121.
PubMed Abstract available - STONER MCD, Michaels J, Stocks JB, Mancuso N, et al
Evaluating concurrency and gaps between self-report and vaccine card data for COVID-19 vaccination.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127136.
PubMed Abstract available - TAKEUCHI N, Chang B, Ishiwada N, Cho Y, et al
Nationwide population-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in Japan (2014-2022): Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and COVID-19 pandemic.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127138.
PubMed Abstract available - CARTER DM, Bloom CE, Kirchenbaum GA, Tsvetnitsky V, et al
Corrigendum to "Cross-protection against H7N9 influenza strains using a live-attenuated H7N3 virus vaccine" [Vaccine (2015) 33(1) 108-16].
Vaccine. 2025;57:127174.
PubMed - MOU J, LaSalle G, Pflugeisen C, Sherls-Jones J, et al
Practice, beliefs and intent in influenza vaccination among Hispanic patients during the pandemic: An interventional study.
Vaccine. 2025;58:127207.
PubMed Abstract available - XU J, Davoudpour S, Phillips G 2nd
Applying the health belief model (HBM) to understand COVID-19 vaccine uptake among youth and young adults: Findings from a 6-month follow-up study in the United States.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127002.
PubMed Abstract available - MYBURGH L, Karsjens H, Blanas A, de Ligt A, et al
Targeting the early life stages of SARS-CoV-2 using a multi-peptide conjugate vaccine.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126989.
PubMed Abstract available - RICCI L, Fery C, Tubach F, Agrinier N, et al
Health care institutions and their physicians are the greatest promoters of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127005.
PubMed Abstract available - SKOCZYNSKA A, Golebiewska A, Wrobel-Pawelczyk I, Ronkiewicz P, et al
The direct impact of mandatory PCV10 vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in Polish children.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126999.
PubMed Abstract available - VEDEL JO, Furtado O, Almeida LL, Nehal KR, et al
Childhood vaccination coverages in rural Guinea-Bissau before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic, a cohort study.
Vaccine. 2025;54:127011.
PubMed Abstract available - DI CHIARA C, Karimi-Shahrbabak E, Peresin J, Farrar DS, et al
A review of Canadian online resources providing information on COVID-19 vaccination for caregivers of children aged 5-11 years.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126990.
PubMed Abstract available - FUJI N, Gonzalez E, Salamone FN, Bajorski P, et al
Comparison of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization, serotype-specific and protein-specific antibody and cytokine levels in young children prior to, during and post COVID-19 pandemic.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126954.
PubMed Abstract available - DE SOUZA RA, Barreto FR, de Jesus Lima CCO, da Natividade MS, et al
Efficacy of BCG vaccination on incidence, severity and clinical progression of COVID-19: A BCG-REVAC population analysis.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126911.
PubMed Abstract available - DESILVA MB, Vazquez-Benitez G, Seburg EM, Henderson MSG, et al
Pregnant persons perceptions and uptake of prenatal RSV vaccine - Minnesota, 2023-2024.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126958.
PubMed Abstract available - DOWGIER G, Hobbs A, Greenwood D, Shawe-Taylor M, et al
Accurate evaluation of live-virus microneutralisation for SARS-CoV-2 variant JN.1 in the assessment of vaccination and therapeutics.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126960.
PubMed Abstract available - LEE DW, Nasir A, Elbashir S, Jani H, et al
mRNA-1273 vaccines adapted to JN.1 or KP.2 elicit cross-neutralizing responses against the JN.1 sublineages of SARS-CoV-2 in mice.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126961.
PubMed Abstract available - CARROLL M, Fox HB, Tran A, Chellappan G, et al
SARS-CoV-2 conjugate vaccine elicits robust immune responses that can protect against evolving variants.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126988.
PubMed Abstract available - MOORE M, Anderson L, Schiffer JT, Matrajt L, et al
Durability of COVID-19 vaccine and infection induced immunity: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126966.
PubMed Abstract available - CHOI J, Feelemyer J, Choe K, Lynch K, et al
Anti-vaccine attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine status at the end of the U.S. public health emergency.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127003.
PubMed Abstract available - RASKIN N, Hiligsmann M, Luyten J, Tubeuf S, et al
Socio-demographic differences in citizen' preferences for distributing a scarce, lifesaving resource: A case study using COVID-19 vaccine distribution in Belgium.
Vaccine. 2025;55:126997.
PubMed Abstract available - HAO T, Ryan GE, Lydeamore MJ, Cromer D, et al
Predicting immune protection against outcomes of infectious disease from population-level effectiveness data with application to COVID-19.
Vaccine. 2025;55:126987.
PubMed Abstract available - HAMID S, Simeone RM, Newhams MM, Halasa N, et al
Concordance between parent-reported and documented COVID-19 vaccination status among hospitalized children and adolescents: Implications for vaccine effectiveness estimates, May 2021-October 2023.
Vaccine. 2025;54:126891.
PubMed Abstract available - KAISER S, Kaiser S, Reis J, Marschalek R, et al
Quantification of objective concentrations of DNA impurities in mRNA vaccines.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127022.
PubMed Abstract available - VACHON A, Keeshan A, Galipeau Y, Crawley AM, et al
Alcohol consumption does not influence SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity: A stop the spread Ottawa cohort analysis.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127034.
PubMed Abstract available - GOLDMAN RD, Hart RJ, Bone JN, Seiler M, et al
Adverse events among early caregivers' COVID-19 vaccination correlated inversely with intention to vaccinate their children.
Vaccine. 2025;55:127001.
PubMed Abstract available - LIU R, Song F, Sun L, Yan F, et al
Exploring the pathogenic and transmission characteristics of JN.1 in golden hamsters based on different attack methods.
Virology. 2025;608:110548.
PubMed Abstract available - CAO L, Shi S, Zhang C, Zhao C, et al
A phycobiliprotein-based reporter assay for the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease activity.
Virology. 2025;608:110540.
PubMed Abstract available
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
History of Mass Transportation: The FS E.444.001 Italian Electric Locomotive
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Source: Wikipedia, https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva_FS_E.444
By Manfred Kopka - Opera propria, CC BY-SA 4.0
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Friday, May 16, 2025
Assessment of cross-reactive neutralizing #antibodies induction against #H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b by prior seasonal influenza #immunization in retail #workers
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has been a global concern since its emergence in 1997, causing widespread outbreaks in birds and sporadic human infections. The clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus has rapidly expanded across continents, infecting numerous mammalian species. In 2024, it was detected in dairy cattle for the first time in the U.S., along with human cases following exposure. In Canada, the first human case of this avian influenza was reported in a critically ill adolescent in late 2024. No human-to-human transmission has been documented, but concerns persist regarding mutations associated with enhanced virulence and human adaptation. Although seasonal influenza vaccines are not directed against H5N1, studies suggest that pre-existing immunity from prior infections or vaccinations may provide partial protection against severe H5N1 infections through cross-reactive immune response. Given the ongoing circulation of avian influenza and the rise in human infections, this study evaluated the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies developed against seasonal influenza viruses and their cross-reactivity with recent H5N1 strains. Serum samples from 194 retail sector workers in Quebec, collected between late 2021 and 2022, were analyzed using a microneutralization assay. While strong neutralizing activity was found against seasonal influenza viruses, no neutralizing antibodies were detected against H5N1 strains in either vaccinated or unvaccinated individuals. These findings emphasize the need to evaluate cross-reactive antibodies against the neuraminidase protein of H5N1, assess cellular immune responses potentially linked to protection against severe HPAI H5N1 infections and targeted vaccine strategies against recently emerged H5N1 influenza viruses. Keywords: influenza, highly pathogenic avian influenza, H5N1, immunity, cross-reactivity, neutralization.
Source: MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.25327718v1
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Brazil - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification
The Official Veterinary Services (OVS) received a notification of acute mortality, neurological and digestive signs in a breeder farm. From the start of the OVS investigation, the premise was quarantined, including suspension of the movement of birds and products. Laboratory analysis identified H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b. OVS is conducting an epidemiological investigation of the event and implementing the restrictions and measures in accordance with the National Contingency Plan for high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI).
Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6484
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Czech Republic - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification
Sudden death of birds, clinical signs, non-commercial hobby flock of hens, products are used exclusively for own consumption in the same household.
Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6471
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Novel #Orthohantavirus Associated with #Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Northern #Argentina
Abstract
In this work, we performed the genetic characterization of a new variant of orthohantavirus associated with a fatal case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, outside the known endemic region, in northwestern Argentina. We first confirmed an orthohantavirus infection by ELISA, testing for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies. Then, we extracted RNA from 100 microliters of serum, the only sample available, followed by RT-PCR. The amplicons were sequenced using Sanger and next-generation sequencing technology. We obtained partial sequences of 1253 bp, 799 bp and 1675 bp from the S-, M- and L-segments, respectively, showing low sequence identities with all the previously characterized hantaviruses (10.9%, 13.5% and 15.1% of the divergence, respectively). The phylogenetic analysis showed that this virus belongs to the Orthohantavirus andesense species (ANDV), and among the ANDV-like variants, it is more closely related to the Lechiguanas clade. Similar percentages of divergence were considered sufficient to distinguish AND-like variants in previous works. As the patient had no travel history before the onset of disease was reported, we conducted rodent surveys to confirm the presence of reservoirs. The rodent assemblage was compatible with the transitional zone among different ecoregions (Yungas, Chaco and Monte). Moreover, one of the species captured, Oligoryzomys flavescens, was previously described as a reservoir of hantavirus. This species may either host several variants across its range or encompass a species complex, as proposed by some authors.
Source: Viruses, https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/717
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Yellow fever - Region of the #Americas (#WHO D.O.N., May 16 '25)
{Summary}
Situation at a glance
From 29 December 2024 and as of 26 April 2025 (with data for Ecuador updated as of 2 May 2025), a total of 212 confirmed human cases of yellow fever, including 85 deaths, have been reported to WHO by five countries in the Region of the Americas (case fatality rate (CFR) 40%).
The cases have been reported in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
The 212 confirmed yellow fever cases reported so far in 2025 represent a threefold increase compared to the 61 confirmed cases reported in 2024.
WHO is supporting affected countries in implementing coordinated actions to respond to the yellow fever cases and outbreaks.
This includes:
- enhancing preventive measures,
- strengthening surveillance and case management,
- improving risk communication and community engagement, and
- implementing immunization activities.
The current yellow fever situation in the Americas is driven by increased sylvatic transmission cycles.
The occurrence of yellow fever cases outside of the Amazon basin, combined with high fatality, varying vaccination coverage across affected countries, and limited vaccine supply, contributes to the overall classification of yellow fever risk in the Region of the Americas, especially in endemic countries, as high.
WHO emphasizes the importance of active surveillance, timely laboratory testing, cross-border coordination, and information sharing.
Vaccination remains the primary means for the prevention and control of yellow fever.
WHO continues to support countries in expanding vaccination coverage through routine immunization programs and mass vaccination campaigns to enhance population immunity and reduce the risk of outbreaks.
(...)
Source: World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2025-DON570
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#USA, Monitoring for Avian #Influenza A(#H5) Virus In #Wastewater (CDC, May 16 '25)
{Excerpt}
Time Period: April 27, 2025 - May 03, 2025
-- H5 Detection: 8 sites (2.0%)
- No Detection: 402 sites (98.0%)
- No samples in last week: 67 sites
(...)
Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Molnupiravir or #nirmatrelvir–ritonavir plus usual care vs usual care alone in patients admitted to #hospital with #COVID19 (RECOVERY)...
Summary
Background
Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir–ritonavir are oral antivirals that have shown efficacy in preventing disease progression in outpatients with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate these treatments for patients hospitalised with COVID-19 pneumonia, for whom data on these antivirals are scarce.
Methods
The RECOVERY trial is a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial testing treatments for COVID-19. In this study we report the molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir–ritonavir comparisons from the RECOVERY trial. In each comparison, participants aged 18 years and older were randomly allocated (1:1) to the relevant antiviral (5 days of molnupiravir 800 mg twice daily or 300 mg nirmatrelvir and 100 mg ritonavir twice daily) in addition to usual care, or to usual care alone. The molnupiravir comparison was conducted at 75 hospitals in the UK, two in Nepal, and two in Indonesia; the nirmatrelvir–ritonavir comparison was conducted at 32 hospitals in the UK. Participants could take part in both comparisons. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and secondary outcomes were time to discharge alive from hospital and progression to invasive ventilation or death. Analysis was by intention to treat. Both comparisons were stopped because of low recruitment. This study is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.
Findings
From Jan 24, 2022, to May 24, 2023, 923 participants were recruited to the molnupiravir comparison (445 allocated to molnupiravir and 478 to usual care), and from March 31, 2022, to May 24, 2023, 137 participants were recruited to the nirmatrelvir–ritonavir comparison (68 allocated to nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and 69 to usual care). More than three-quarters of participants were vaccinated and had antispike antibodies at randomisation, and more than two-thirds were receiving other SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. In the molnupiravir comparison, 74 (17%) participants allocated to molnupiravir and 79 (17%) allocated to usual care died within 28 days (hazard ratio [HR] 0·93 [95% CI 0·68–1·28], p=0·66). In the nirmatrelvir–ritonavir comparison, 13 (19%) participants allocated to nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and 13 (19%) allocated to usual care died within 28 days (HR 1·02 [0·47–2·23], p=0·96). In neither comparison was there evidence of any difference in the duration of hospitalisation or the proportion of participants progressing to invasive ventilation or death.
Interpretation
Adding molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir to usual care was not associated with improvements in clinical outcomes. However, low recruitment meant a clinically meaningful benefit of treatment could not be ruled out, particularly for nirmatrelvir–ritonavir.
Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00093-3/fulltext?rss=yes
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Identification of naturally occurring #drug-resistant #mutations of #SARS-CoV-2 papain-like #protease
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) is a cysteine protease that cleaves viral polyproteins and antagonizes the host immune response during viral replication. Jun12682 and PF-07957472 are the first-in-class PLpro inhibitors showing potent in vivo antiviral efficacy in mouse models. In this study, we characterize naturally occurring mutations at residues located at the drug-binding site of Jun12682. The results reveal several PLpro mutants showing significant drug resistance while maintaining comparable enzymatic activity as the wild-type PLpro. The physiological relevance of the identified drug-resistant mutants, including E167G and Q269H, is validated through independent serial viral passage experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations and perturbative free energy calculations show that drug-resistant PLpro mutants weaken hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions. Collectively, this study identifies E167, Y268, and Q269 as drug-resistant hotspots for PLpro inhibitors that bind to the BL2 loop and groove region, which are valuable in informing the design of the next-generation PLpro inhibitors.
Source: Nature Communications, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-59922-9
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Thursday, May 15, 2025
Molecular basis of #influenza #ribonucleoprotein complex #assembly and processive #RNA synthesis
Abstract
Influenza viruses replicate and transcribe their genome in the context of a conserved ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. By integrating cryo–electron microscopy single-particle analysis and cryo–electron tomography, we define the influenza RNP as a right-handed, antiparallel double helix with the viral RNA encapsidated in the minor groove. Individual nucleoprotein subunits are connected by a flexible tail loop that inserts into a conserved pocket in its neighbor. We visualize the viral polymerase in RNP at different functional states, revealing how it accesses the RNA template while maintaining the double-helical architecture of RNP by strand sliding. Targeting the tail loop binding interface, we identify lead compounds as potential anti-influenza inhibitors. These findings elucidate the molecular determinants underpinning influenza virus replication and highlight a promising target for antiviral development.
Source: Science, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7597
____
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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