#China (People's Rep. of) - #Influenza A #H5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

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An unspecified wild species bird in the Xizang Autonomous Province.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7854

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#Serbia - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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By caroline legg - This image has been extracted from another file, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=151715256

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{Extract}

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A wild Eurasian buzzard (common buzzard) in the Južno-Banatski Region.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7899

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Cross-reactive T-cell responses against #BDBV in #humans after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP #vaccination

 

{Excerpts}

(...)

Our study shows that a single immunisation with the available, licensed EBOV vaccine induces T-cell cross-reactivity against BDBV and to a lesser extent against SUDV. Although it is not known whether these T cells contribute to improved clinical outcomes upon BDBV exposure in humans, preclinical studies show that T-cell responses are required for vaccine-mediated protection in non-human primates: CD4 T cell help to B cells is required for protection against disease caused by EBOV,10 and depletion studies have also shown a protective role of CD8 T cells.11

Our study has limitations. Due to the small sample size and single measured timepoint, dose–response differences and long-term persistence of the cross-reactive T-cell response could not be assessed. This study was performed in healthy adults in Germany, thus representativeness of populations in areas affected by the BDBV outbreak is limited.

Although a correlate of protection against disease caused by BDBV has not been defined, our findings provide first evidence that rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination against EBOV induces BDBV-cross-reactive T-cell responses. In the absence of a BDBV-specific vaccine, these data support the systematic evaluation of the available EBOV vaccine within clinical trials during the current outbreak.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(26)00529-3

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Strong #Protein #Responses to Acute #Infection Control General Post-Viral #Sequelae and #SARS-CoV-2-specific #Neurocognitive Sequelae

 

Abstract

After serious infections, many survivors fully recover while others face persistent symptoms including neurocognitive dysfunction, cardiopulmonary instabilities and disabling fatigue, classified broadly as Post-Acute Infection Syndromes (PAIS). Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID19 (PASC) is one special case. To test whether acute infection initiates PAIS, we analyzed proteins in 173 saliva samples collected during severe respiratory viral infections and tracked patient outcomes for five years. We discovered 44 proteins, all derived from interferon stimulated genes, that respond strongly to acute infection. Rates of post-acute syndromes were similar regardless of infection, but the types of Sequelae differed by virus. High expression of 19 proteins predict low General Sequelae rates across all viruses. High expression of 23 overlapping proteins predict low Neurocognitive Sequelae rates only with SARS-CoV-2 infections. We propose that low expressions of these proteins, which control viral replication, innate immunity, and secondary autoimmunity, combine to precipitate PAIS and PASC.

Competing Interest Statement

Theodore G. Liou, Judy L Jensen and Kristyn A Packer received research funding from Anagram, Aridis, BioMX, Calithera, Clarametyx, Judy L Jensen and Kristyn A Packer received research funding from Anagram, Aridis, BioMX, Calithera, Clarametyx, Gilead, Insmed, Laurent, Novartis, Sionna, SpliSense, the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Therapeutic Development Network and Vertex for performance of clinical studies during the study and manuscript preparation period. Theodore Liou is a member and Rhonda Szczesniak is vice-chair of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Clinical Research Committee. Theodore Liou and Frederick Adler, through the University of Utah, are named as inventors on the following patent applications related to the proteins identified in this manuscript: (1) a provisional patent application titled "DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENTS FOR ACUTE AND POST-VIRAL DISEASE BASED ON INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES TO SARS-COV-2 INFECTION," serial number 63/792,687, filed 4/22/2025; (2) a provisional patent application titled "ADDITIONAL INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES WITH DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT POTENTIAL FOR POST-ACUTE SEQUELAE OF COVID19 SYNDROME AND FOR POST-ACUTE INFECTION SYNDROME," serial number 63/979,883, filed 2/10/2026; (3) a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application titled "METHODS FOR PREDICTING POST-ACUTE SEQUELAE OF VIRAL INFECTIONS USING INTERFERON STIMULATED GENE PROTEINS," serial number PCT/US2026/024520, filed 4/21/2026, which incorporates subject matter from (1) and (2); and (4) a provisional patent application titled "ADDITIONAL ACUTELY EXPRESSED PROTEINS PROTECTIVE AGAINST NEUROCOGNITIVE AND GENERAL POST-VIRAL SEQUELAE," serial number 64/102,461, filed 6/30/42026. The applicant on all applications is the University of Utah.

Source: 

Link: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.27.26361488v2

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#Australia, #H5 avian #influenza events in #wildlife (Dept. of Agriculture, Oct. 14 '26)

 

{Extracts}

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Event data

    ° 706 Positive events

    ° 62,742 Hotline reports

    As of 4pm AEST, 13 October 2026, Australia has 706 confirmed events of H5 bird flu in wildlife.

        § 10 in Western Australia (WA)

        § 330 in South Australia (SA)

        § 70 in New South Wales (NSW)

        § 2 in Queensland (QLD)

        § 243 in Victoria (VIC)

        § 50 in Tasmania (TAS)

        § 1 in Other Territories*

{*} Jervis Bay Territory (Commonwealth jurisdiction)

    As H5 bird flu is confirmed in more locations and species in Australia it will not be necessary to continue testing all species in known areas of transmission, or to test every animal involved in an investigation. 

    Reporting will be targeted to provide a clear picture of the national H5 bird flu situation in wildlife in Australia and key developments.

Data disclaimer

    Data reflects information provided by state and territory governments to the Australian Government as at 17:00 AEST daily. The Australian Government publishes this information for national reporting purposes. Responsibility for the accuracy, completeness and currency of the data remains with the relevant state or territory government. Due to differences in reporting timing, information on the national dashboard may differ from information published on state or territory government websites.

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/campaigns/birdflu/latest-data#h1_bird_flu

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Serologic #Testing for #MERS #Coronavirus and #SARS-CoV-2 Cross-Reactive Immune Responses, the #Netherlands

 

Abstract

Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies could compromise the specificity of MERS-CoV serology, potentially leading to misclassification of infection history. SARS-CoV-2 exposure induced MERS-CoV antibodies primarily targeting the conserved S2 domain, with occasional neutralizing capacity. Combining MERS-CoV S1 binding with neutralization, however, limited the influence of SARS-CoV-2–induced cross-reactivity on MERS-CoV serology.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.260690

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#Global Genomic #Surveillance of #MERS #Coronavirus

 

Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a persistent zoonotic and epidemic threat. We analyzed 807 publicly available human- and camel-derived MERS-CoV genomes collected during 2012–2024 to assess global genomic surveillance. Most sequences originated from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Major gaps in surveillance persist across Africa and South and Central Asia despite large camel populations, active trade, and evidence of viral circulation. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed predominance of clade B in the Arabian Peninsula and clade C in East Africa, consistent with regional patterns. We identified uneven sampling, incomplete metadata, and long delays between sample collection and public sequence submission, often spanning years. Those limitations reduce the value of genomic data for timely situational awareness. Integrating genomic with population and trade data supports timelier, more representative, and coordinated One Health surveillance for MERS-CoV but reveals major blind spots.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.260668

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#Evidence of Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza #H5 Viruses in East #Greenland Polar #Bears

 

Abstract

We detected influenza A virus antibodies in plasma collected from East Greenland polar bears during subsistence hunts in 2024 (3/14 [21%]) and 2025 (6/14 [43%]). Four bears from 2025 had antibodies for the globally emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, consistent with survival after exposure.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261050

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Subacute Sclerosing #Panencephalitis after #Measles #Outbreaks, the #Philippines, 2007–2022

 

Abstract

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a delayed, almost uniformly fatal complication of measles. The Philippines had measles outbreaks in 2010–2011, 2013, and 2018–2019; the last was the largest in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Published SSPE data from the Philippines end in 2015. We reviewed all 20 children admitted with SSPE to a tertiary pediatric hospital in Quezon City during 2007–2022 and estimated year of measles infection. Median patient age was 6.2 years at hospital admission and 0.7 years at reported measles illness. Five (25.0%) of 20 admissions occurred in 2022, and estimated infection dates placed 4 patients within the 2018–2019 outbreak; all were admitted during 2020–2022. Given the multiyear latency of SSPE, additional cases might emerge over coming years. Reported measles history could not be established in one quarter of patients. Strengthened measles surveillance and sustained 2-dose vaccination coverage are needed.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261395

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Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a 9-valent vaccine (ExPEC9V) for #prevention of invasive #Escherichia coli disease in older #adults: a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (E.mbrace)

 

Summary

Background

Invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can lead to bacteraemia and sepsis. ExPEC9V is a conjugate vaccine targeting nine E coli O-serotypes that account for most E coli bloodstream infections. We aimed to evaluate ExPEC9V for safety, immunogenicity, and prevention of IED caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes in adults aged 60 years and older.

Methods

In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study conducted at 332 clinical sites in 20 countries (E.mbrace), we enrolled participants aged 60 years and older in stable health and with a history of urinary tract infection (UTI) within the previous 2 years. Participants were randomly assigned (in blocks of no set size with the use of interactive web response system, stratified by age and presence or absence of risk factors for complicated UTI) 1:1 to receive a single dose of intramuscular ExPEC9V or placebo. Participants, study-site personnel, and investigators remained masked to group allocation throughout the study. The primary endpoint was first IED in blood or sterile sites caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes in the per-protocol efficacy analysis set (all randomly assigned, vaccinated participants without major protocol deviations); secondary endpoints included immunogenicity assessment in a subset of participants. Safety endpoints included solicited (safety subset), unsolicited (full analysis set), and serious (full analysis set) adverse events. A prespecified futility analysis conducted when at least 40% of the expected 53 IED events had occurred indicated lack of efficacy, leading to early study termination. We present final study results (data up to the date of the futility announcement), when 17 701 of the planned 19 800 participants had been vaccinated. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04899336).

Findings

Participants were enrolled between June 30, 2021, and Feb 13, 2025. Of 18 844 individuals assessed for eligibility, 17 701 were enrolled, randomly assigned, and vaccinated (8858 with ExPEC9V and 8843 with placebo). The per-protocol efficacy included 17 637 participants (8822 for ExPEC9V and 8815 for placebo). There were 24 IED cases (11 in vaccine and 13 in placebo groups) caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes in blood or sterile sites, yielding a vaccine efficacy of 14·63% (95% CI −106·57 to 65·38), indicating no protective effect. ExPEC9V had an acceptable safety profile, with more frequent low-grade adverse events in the ExPEC9V versus placebo group, balanced serious adverse event distribution among both groups, and no vaccine-related deaths.

Interpretation

In this large phase 3 trial of older adults, ExPEC9V did not demonstrate efficacy in preventing first IED caused by ExPEC9V O-serotypes, despite generating robust and sustained antibody responses. Development of the ExPEC9V vaccine has been discontinued.

Funding

Johnson & Johnson and Sanofi.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(26)00469-X

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#Taiwan, Seasonal #Influenza and #COVID19 #Epidemics - Weekly Surveillance #Report (CDC, Oct. 13 '26): #H1N1pdm09 flu virus and #SARS-CoV-2 PQ.16.1.1 predominated

 

{Excerpts}

(...)

    According to CDC monitoring data, the domestic influenza epidemic is slowing down but is still in its epidemic period. 

    In week 40 (October 4-10), there were 128,847 outpatient and emergency room visits for influenza-like illnesses, a decrease of 8.9% from the previous week. 

    Last week (October 6-12), there were 144 new cases of severe influenza complications (132 H1N1, 10 untyped A, and 2 B) and 46 deaths (all H1N1). 

    Laboratory surveillance data shows that the influenza virus currently circulating in the community is predominantly type A, with type A H1N1 accounting for 91.8%. 

    This influenza season (115-116) saw a total of 149 severe cases (139 H1N1, 9 untyped A, and 1 type B) and 15 deaths (all H1N1). 

    The previous influenza season (114-115) saw a total of 1,887 severe cases (1,259 H1N1, 511 H3N2, 25 untyped A, and 92 type B) and 409 deaths (278 H1N1, 107 H3N2, 12 untyped A, and 12 type B). 

    Among the severe cases, the majority were elderly people over 65 years old (66.3%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.6%). 67.1% of the patients had not received the seasonal influenza vaccine. 

    The domestic COVID-19 epidemic is declining. 

    In the 40th week (October 4-10), there were 5,261 outpatient and emergency room visits for COVID-19, a 35.2% decrease compared to the previous week (September 27-October 3). 

    Last week (October 6-12), there were 21 new severe cases and 15 deaths. 

    This quarter (October 1, 2026-September 30, 2027) has seen a cumulative total of 31 severe cases, including 5 deaths. 

    In the previous quarter (October 1, 2025-September 30, 2026), there were a cumulative total of 783 cases of COVID-19 complicated by severe illness, including 173 deaths. 

    The majority of severe cases were among the elderly aged 65 and above (73.7%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (83.0%). 83.8% of them had not received the COVID-19 vaccine this season. 

    In the past four weeks, the most common local variants have been PQ.16.1.1 and NB.1.8.1.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/qCnfUYmbvj-LcuzLkB2GZg?typeid=9

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#Peru - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (Inf. with) ( #poultry ) - Immediate notification

 

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{Piura Region. Laying hen farm with a total flock of 5,800 birds}

    ° The National Agricultural Health Service (SENASA) within the framework of its epidemiological surveillance responds to reports of suspected animal diseases. 

    ° It has identified an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry (laying hens), which exhibited respiratory and neurological signs. 

    ° Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, prompting the immediate implementation of quarantine measures and an epidemiological investigation. 

    ° All birds were culled, and the epidemiological unit was cleaned and disinfected; in addition, surveillance around the outbreak was conducted to detect possible cases.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7894

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#Australia, #H5 avian #influenza events in #wildlife (Dept. of Health, Oct. 13 '26)

 

{Extracts}

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Event data

    ° 705 Positive events

    ° 62,291 Hotline reports

    As of 4pm AEST, 12 October 2026, Australia has 705 confirmed events of H5 bird flu in wildlife.

        § 10 in Western Australia (WA)

        § 330 in South Australia (SA)

        § 70 in New South Wales (NSW)

        § 2 in Queensland (QLD)

        § 242 in Victoria (VIC)

        § 50 in Tasmania (TAS)

        § 1 in Other Territories*

{*} Jervis Bay Territory (Commonwealth jurisdiction)

    As H5 bird flu is confirmed in more locations and species in Australia it will not be necessary to continue testing all species in known areas of transmission, or to test every animal involved in an investigation. 

    Reporting will be targeted to provide a clear picture of the national H5 bird flu situation in wildlife in Australia and key developments.

Data disclaimer

    Data reflects information provided by state and territory governments to the Australian Government as at 17:00 AEST daily. The Australian Government publishes this information for national reporting purposes. Responsibility for the accuracy, completeness and currency of the data remains with the relevant state or territory government. Due to differences in reporting timing, information on the national dashboard may differ from information published on state or territory government websites.

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/campaigns/birdflu/latest-data#h1_bird_flu

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#HK CHP closely monitors case of #pneumonia of undetermined etiology that resulted in death in #Russia (Dept. of Health, Oct. 12 '26)

 

    Regarding the death of a laboratory worker in Irkutsk Oblast of Siberia, Russia, due to severe pneumonia of undetermined etiology, the Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) said today (October 12) that, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)'s latest announcement, information obtained from the Russian authorities indicated that no evidence of ongoing transmission associated with the event had been identified. 

    Nevertheless, for the sake of prudence, the CHP has implemented a series of control and prevention measures. 

    The CHP will continue to closely monitor the latest developments, respond swiftly, and strictly guard against imported cases in order to safeguard public health.

      After noticing media reports of the above-mentioned death case in Russia in early October, the CHP immediately and proactively sought further information from the WHO and the Russian health authorities. 

    According to the latest information from the WHO, citing data provided by Russian authorities, no case of plague had been recorded recently in Irkutsk Oblast, the laboratory testing of the deceased's contacts detected no high-threat pathogens, and that there were no further cases of severe pneumonia linked to this case. 

    The Russian authorities reported that no biosecurity incidents had occurred in the laboratory, and quarantine measures were instituted in the hospital where the patient was being treated. 

    According to the WHO's assessment, no evidence of ongoing transmission associated with this event has been identified so far. 

    Nevertheless, a key uncertainty remains the absence of a confirmed diagnosis in the deceased laboratory worker. 

    The WHO will continue to monitor the situation and assess any potential public health implications as further information becomes available.

      In recent months, the CHP has not received any reports of residents or travellers arriving in Hong Kong from Russia with cases of pneumonia of undetermined etiology. 

    Based on current information, there is no evidence indicating ongoing transmission. 

    The CHP assesses that the immediate public health impact to Hong Kong is low. 

    For the sake of prudence, the CHP has implemented a series of control and prevention measures to guard against imported cases, including:

          (i) strengthening health surveillance for passengers arriving on relevant flights from Russia at the airport, including arranging for Port Health Division officers to conduct temperature checks at the relevant flight gates, and conducting health assessments for passengers exhibiting symptoms;

          (ii) displaying signages and broadcasting announcements in the airport arrival area and through airlines to urge passengers who have visited Irkutsk Oblast of Siberia, Russia, within the past 14 days to proactively declare their travel history to the on-site staff of the DH for further health assessment;

          (iii) if an inbound traveller exhibits symptoms of pneumonia, after assessment by Port Health Division officers, arrangements will be made immediately to transfer the individual to a public hospital for further testing; and

          (iv) providing the Airport Authority Hong Kong and airlines with the latest information regarding the case in Russia, and urging airlines to remind their flight crews to strictly enforce established prevention and control measures if they identify suspected cases on their flights.

      Through existing mechanisms, Hong Kong has the capacity to detect cases of unexplained infections and emerging infectious diseases at boundary control points and in hospitals.

      In addition, the CHP will send letters to all doctors and hospitals in Hong Kong, reminding them to remain highly vigilant and to strengthen surveillance. Any patient who has visited Irkutsk Oblast of Siberia, Russia, within 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms and has developed pneumonia of undetermined etiology must immediately report to the CHP so that further testing can be arranged.

     　The CHP reminds travellers that if they develop respiratory symptoms after returning to Hong Kong, they should wear a face mask, seek medical attention and report their travel history to a doctor. The CHP will continue to maintain close liaison with the WHO and other relevant health authorities, closely monitor developments, and adjust disease prevention strategies as necessary to safeguard public health.

 

Ends/Monday, October 12, 2026 | Issued at HKT 16:25

NNNN

Source: 

Link: https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202610/12/P2026101200466.htm?fontSize=1

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#Human #Infection with Avian #Influenza #H7N7 Virus, #Taiwan, 2026

 

Abstract

Low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N7) virus detected in a poultry worker in Taiwan, 2026 was related to viruses circulating in Asian wild birds and possessed PB2 E627K, a mammalian adaptation marker. Enhanced surveillance for H7 viruses in poultry and rapid characterization of human cases are essential to assess pandemic potential.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.09.26365013

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The transition to #postpartum #lactation establishes a state of maternal #antiviral #resilience

 

Abstract

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes severe disease during late pregnancy, yet how maternal adaptations in host defense shape susceptibility following childbirth remains unknown. Here, we show that the postpartum period represents a state of enhanced maternal antiviral immunity. Across postpartum stages, dams infected before weaning exhibited increased survival and reduced disease following lethal IAV challenge compared with nonpregnant females. Postpartum protection was associated with enhanced viral clearance and increased pulmonary antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and IL-17A-producing gamma-delta T cells. We identify the transition into lactation as a critical determinant of this protection. Protection extended to highly pathogenic avian influenza. Together, these findings reveal that maternal antiviral immunity remains actively shaped after childbirth, establishing the postpartum lactational period as a distinct state of maternal antiviral resilience.

Competing Interest Statement

KK and PS are co-inventors on a patent relating to this work. KK and PS are co-founders of Coralie Bio, Inc. that may benefit financially from the work described in this article.

Funder Information Declared

National Institutes of Health, https://ror.org/01cwqze88, 1R01HD120540, 1F31AI191458

David and Lucile Packard Foundation, https://ror.org/032atxq54, Packard Fellowships for Science and Engineering

U.S. National Science Foundation, https://ror.org/021nxhr62, Graduate Research Fellowship Program

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, https://ror.org/006w34k90, Gilliam Fellowship Program

Blavatnik Family Foundation, Blavatnik Biomedical Accelerator at Harvard University

Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering

Source: 

Link: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756285

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The Beach at Palavas, Gustave Courbet (1854)

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

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Public Domain.

Source: 

Link: https://www.wikiart.org/en/gustave-courbet/the-beach-at-palavas-1854

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#Pneumonia of undetermined etiology - #Russia (#WHO D.O.N., Oct. 10 '26)

 

Situation at a glance

    On 2 October 2026, WHO became aware through media reports of the death of an employee of the Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute (APRI) of Siberia and the Far East, the Russian Federation. 

    According to these reports, the individual died on 2 October following hospitalization for severe pneumonia on 29 September, and pneumonic plague was suspected as the cause of death, following occupational exposure in laboratory settings. 

    Following requests for verification from WHO, the National Focal Point for the International Health Regulations (2005) (NFP) of the Russian Federation confirmed the death and informed WHO that no case of plague had been registered recently in Irkutsk Oblast, that preventive and control measures had been implemented in accordance with national sanitary legislation, and that the laboratory testing of contacts detected no high-threat pathogens. 

    The authorities also reported that no biosecurity incidents had occurred in the laboratory, contrary to reports in the media, and that there were no further case of severe pneumonia linked to this case. 

    The NFP informed WHO that the case and all contacts had been tested for a range of microorganisms, including high-threat pathogens. 

    Test results were negative for the tested high-threat pathogens. 

    All contacts had been medically followed up in healthcare facilities or at home, and all remained asymptomatic throughout. 

    Quarantine measures were instituted in the hospital where the patient was being treated. 

    Based on the information provided by NFP, WHO has not identified evidence of ongoing transmission associated with this event. 

    A key uncertainty remains the absence of a confirmed diagnosis in the deceased laboratory worker. 

    WHO will continue to monitor the situation and assess any potential public health implications as further information becomes available.

Description of the situation

    On 2 October 2026, WHO became aware through media reports of the death of an employee of the Irkutsk APRI of Siberia and the Far East, Russian Federation. 

    The individual died on 2 October following hospitalization for severe pneumonia on 29 September.

    On 3 October, 5 October, 6 October and 7 October, WHO contacted the Russian Federation health authorities to verify the information reported by media including a purported second case and in accordance with Articles 9 and 10 of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR), WHO also asked for further information to assess the potential international public health implications in accordance with Article 6 of the IHR. 

    On 2 October, a public statement issued by the Irkutsk branch of Rospotrebnadzor (RPN), a federal agency that works to provide oversight and control of wellbeing and consumer rights and protection in the Russian Federation, indicated that a “special sanitary-epidemiological expert commission” had been convened for the suspected case of high-threat pathogen. 

    Sanitary and epidemic control measures were put in place, including identifying contacts who were placed under medical observation. 

    Russian Federation authorities stated at the time that all contacts were without symptoms and with negative laboratory results for high-threat pathogens.

    On 6 October, WHO received a response to its verification request from the NFP of the Russian Federation, stating that no case of plague has been registered recently in Irkutsk Oblast, and confirming that an epidemiological investigation had been conducted following the identification of a case of severe pneumonia in an employee of the Irkutsk APRI. 

    According to authorities, the individual initially presented with symptoms compatible with an acute respiratory viral infection. 

    After testing negative for a number of high-threat pathogens, the patient was determined to have died from pneumonia of undetermined etiology.

    Russian authorities informed WHO of the following: 

        § that preventive and control measures had been implemented in accordance with national sanitary legislation; 

        § that the widest possible range of contacts were identified, placed under medical observation and tested for high-threat pathogens, and 

        § that as of 9 October, no high-threat pathogens within the laboratory’s research portfolio had been detected in any of the contacts, and 

        § their medical observation has been discontinued. 

    The authorities further reported that no laboratory biosafety or biosecurity incidents had occurred at the institute, as determined by two independent investigations and stated that media reports suggesting otherwise were inaccurate.

    According to the Russian Federation authorities, the situation continues to be monitored.

    Following subsequent requests for information from WHO on 7 and 8 October, the NFP of the Russian Federation provided further information. 

    According to their official report, the patient and all identified contacts were tested for a broad range of pathogens, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory infections, and bacterial infections (including plague and streptococcus). 

    All results were reportedly negative for high-threat pathogens, and only two cases of COVID-19, three cases of rhinovirus, one case of Haemophilus spp., and other opportunistic infections were identified among contacts. 

    The authorities further reported that the fatality was not due to plague infection, had been vaccinated against the high-threat pathogens with which the employee had worked occupationally. 

    The report also stated that the individual had not travelled outside of Irkutsk Oblast during the two weeks prior to symptom onset.  

    WHO has offered support in the areas of high-threat pathogens and laboratory biosafety and biosecurity to the public health authorities in the Russian Federation.

    In response to further information about the public health measures put in place, Russian Federation authorities reported that given the patient’s occupation, precautionary public health measures were implemented, and a broad range of contacts were identified and placed under medical observation either in healthcare facilities or at home. 

    Medical observation, including daily laboratory testing, was conducted for seven days and has been completed for all identified contacts. 

    All contacts remained asymptomatic and tested negative for the pathogens under investigation.

    The Russian Federation authorities informed WHO that, apart from the hospital where the case was admitted, no other healthcare facility was placed under quarantine or subjected to additional public health measures, contrary to media reports.

Public health response

    The NFP of the Russian Federation publicly announced that the regional sanitary and anti-epidemic commission convened an extraordinary meeting on 2 October. 

    RPN, the responsible agency, approved an operational action plan of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures, in accordance with national legislation, including contact tracing and medical follow-up, laboratory testing of identified contacts, enhanced epidemiological investigation and risk assessment and implementation of precautionary infection prevention and control measures. 

    Five Rospotrebnadzor organizations, including three research institutions, were involved in the measures. 

    The preventive and anti-epidemic measures were implemented in accordance with the patient's professional activities. 

    No infectious disease-related health concerns were identified. 

    More than 5500 laboratory tests were conducted, and none detected high-consequence or dangerous pathogenic microorganisms. 

    Testing was performed using a broad range of established laboratory methods, including bacteriological, biological, mass spectrometric, and molecular genetic techniques. 

    No high-threat pathogens were detected among contacts, and all follow-up activities were completed without identifying additional cases.

WHO risk assessment

    WHO’s rapid risk assessment is a systematic and continuous process that characterizes the risk posed by a public health event and informs measures to reduce its impact and prevent international spread.

    A key uncertainty for this event is the absence of a confirmed diagnosis in the deceased laboratory worker. 

    According to information provided by the national authorities, testing did not identify plague or other tested high-threat pathogens, and the death has been classified as pneumonia of undetermined etiology. 

    However, WHO has not received information identifying the causative agent responsible for the fatal illness. 

    Given the absence of a confirmed diagnosis, WHO is not in a position to independently assess whether the duration of the reported monitoring period for contacts was sufficient to exclude all plausible causes of the fatal illness.

    The occupational setting of the case remains an important consideration. 

    The deceased individual worked at an institution that handles high-consequence pathogens, and precautionary public health measures were reportedly implemented because of the individual's professional activities. 

    While the information provided by the authorities does not indicate infection with tested high-threat pathogens or identify additional linked cases, the source of the fatal illness remains undetermined. 

    A laboratory-associated exposure therefore cannot be fully excluded at this stage.

    Based on the information provided by NFP, WHO has not identified evidence of ongoing transmission associated with this event. 

    However, confidence in the assessment remains limited by the absence of a confirmed etiological diagnosis, and the remaining uncertainty regarding the source and mode of exposure. 

    Additional clinical, epidemiological and laboratory information, including confirmation of the diagnosis in the deceased laboratory worker, is required to improve confidence in the assessment. 

    WHO will continue monitoring the situation and assess any potential public health implications as further information becomes available. 

WHO advice

    WHO encourages all States Parties to the IHR to actively engage with the WHO IHR Contact Points in their respective WHO Regional Office for timely event-related communications, including by applying, to that effect, the decision instrument contained in Annex 2 of the IHR, intended to inform the decision by national authorities to notify WHO (Article 6) or to consult with WHO (Article 8).

    As the etiology of the fatal illness remains undetermined, further investigation of available clinical specimens and epidemiological information should continue, as appropriate. 

    Additional laboratory testing, including confirmatory testing by reference laboratories where needed, may assist in establishing the causative agent and refining the public health risk assessment.

    Depending on seasonality and local epidemiology, States Parties may consider enhancing or strengthening community-based, event-based or sentinel surveillance for respiratory infections and strengthening testing capacities for respiratory pathogens. 

    Public health authorities may also encourage uptake of recommended vaccinations against seasonal influenza, COVID-19, pneumococcal diseases and other vaccine-preventable respiratory infections as appropriate.

    Given that the reported event involved a laboratory worker and that initial media reports suggested a possible occupational exposure or laboratory-related incident, WHO recalls the importance of maintaining robust biosafety, biosecurity, and infection prevention and control practices in laboratories handling potentially hazardous biological agents. This recommendation is precautionary in nature and does not imply that a laboratory-associated infection or incident has been confirmed in this event.

    Should an occupational exposure to biological hazards occur among personnel working in laboratory settings, regardless of the specific role or the nature of the clinical outcome, WHO recommends strict adherence to appropriate biosafety, biosecurity and infection prevention and control measures in accordance with established protocols. 

    These measures are intended to minimize the risk of occupational exposure to and unintended release of infectious agents and should be applied consistently as part of routine laboratory practice, without implying that a particular infection or clinical condition was necessarily acquired as a result of occupational exposure in the laboratory setting.

    Based on the information currently available, WHO does not advise any restrictions on travel or trade related to this event. 

    WHO will continue monitoring the situation and updating its recommendations as additional information becomes available.

Further information

    ° Rospotrebnadzor: a full range of preventive measures has been completed in Irkutsk. Available here:  https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/deyatelnost/epidemiological-surveillance/?ELEMENT_ID=33189

    ° Shelekhovsky District official website, Extraordinary meeting of the Regional Sanitary and Anti-Epidemic Commission. Available here: https://www.sheladm.ru/p/044cd85d94814bb99845ef58826e6adc

    ° Irkutsk region Governor. Available here:  https://web.max.ru/-68185301813993

    ° Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East. Available here: https://irknipchi.ru/index_eng.htm

    ° World Health Organization (2020). Laboratory biosafety manual, 4th ed. World Health Organization. Available here: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/337956.

    ° World Health Organization (2021). WHO guidelines for plague management: revised recommendations for the use of rapid diagnostic tests, fluoroquinolones for case management and personal protective equipment for prevention of post-mortem transmission. Available here: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/341505.

    ° World Health Organization. Fact Sheet Plague. Available here: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague

Citable reference: World Health Organization (10 October 2026). Disease Outbreak News; Pneumonia of undetermined etiology in the Russian Federation. Available at:  https://www/who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak.news.item/2026-DON620 

Source: 

Link: https://www/who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak.news.item/2026-DON620

____

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