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#Nomenclature #updates to the hemagglutinin gene #clade designations resulting from continued #evolution of high pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5 virus clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4

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By G.M.

 


Abstract

The evolutionary divergence of the A(H5) hemagglutinin (HA) gene of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (A/goose/Guangdong/96 lineage) was analyzed by phylogenetic and average pairwise distance methods to identify clades that merit nomenclature updates. Based on this assessment, 12 new clade designations were recommended based on division of clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4 viruses, which were reported in Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, the Americas and Oceania since the most recent WHO/WOAH/FAO H5 Evolution Working Group update.


Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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Link: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.23.690055v1

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