Four Mute Swans in Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina.
Source: WOAH, https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6275?reportId=172294&fromPage=event-dashboard-url
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Tuesday, February 18, 2025
#Bosnia and #Herzegovina - #Influenza A #H5N1 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Immediate notification
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Monday, February 17, 2025
Combing the haystacks: The #search for highly pathogenic avian #influenza virus using a combined #clinical and research-developed #testing strategy
Abstract
Background:
Highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza A has caused sporadic human infections, increasing the risk for potential human–to–human spread. In 2024, the U.S. experienced outbreaks among poultry and cattle, prompting enhanced surveillance.
Objective:
To evaluate an H5 testing algorithm in subjects with respiratory symptoms presenting for routine care during low influenza A virus circulation.
Design:
Observational study using clinical– and research–developed nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and pooled screening methods.
Setting:
Academic medical center in Boston, MA.
Participants:
5,400 symptomatic individuals contributing 6,935 respiratory specimens from June 23 to August 28, 2024.
Measurements:
Specimens underwent initial respiratory pathogen testing per clinical protocols, which did not routinely include influenza due to low summer–month prevalence. Influenza A–positive specimens were subtyped using a clinical assay for H5 assessment. SARS–CoV–2–negative specimens not tested for influenza were screened in pooled batches. Positive pools were deconvoluted to individual specimens and screened for H5 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results:
Influenza A was detected in 40 of 6,935 specimens (0.6%), comprising 35 of 5,400 unique subjects (0.7%). No H5 infections were identified. Of the 35 influenza–positive individuals, 10 cases (29%) were found through research–specific screening of SARS–CoV–2–negative specimens. No deaths attributed to influenza were recorded.
Limitations:
Single center design, convenience sampling, absence of ocular specimens, and minimal sampling in high–risk areas may limit generalizability.
Conclusion:
Expanded influenza testing using pooled NAATs successfully identified low–prevalence influenza A and ruled out H5 in this cohort. These data support targeted influenza screening to enhance surveillance for emerging subtypes rather than a broad–based clinical testing strategy for influenza A testing.
Source: MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.25321810v1
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
A two-step #mechanism for RIG-I #activation by #influenza virus mini viral #RNAs
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) non-canonical replication products can be bound by host pathogen sensors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). However, innate immune activation is infrequent in cell culture infection, in particular by adapted strains. Moreover, it is not understood why non-canonical IAV RNAs activate RIG-I in a sequence- or RNA structure-dependent manner. We therefore hypothesized that multiple errors need to occur before influenza virus RNA synthesis activates innate immune signaling. To test this idea, we investigated whether RIG-I activation is stimulated by the non-canonical or aberrant transcription of mini viral RNAs (mvRNA), a <125 nt long RNA that is overexpressed in pandemic and highly pathogenic IAV infections. Using mvRNA sequences identified in tissue culture and ferret infections, we find that mvRNAs can cause non-canonical transcription termination through a truncated 5ʹ polyadenylation signal or a 5ʹ transient RNA structure that interrupts polyadenylation. The resulting capped complementary RNAs (ccRNA) can stimulate the release of a template mvRNA in vitro. Finally, we find that both mvRNA and ccRNA sequences can be bound by RIG-I in cell culture and that blocking mvRNA transcription with baloxavir reduces IFN promoter activity. Overall, our findings indicate that sequential rounds of non-canonical or aberrant viral replication and transcription are needed before mvRNAs trigger innate immune signaling in a sequence-dependent manner.
Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.04.630666v2
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Sunday, February 16, 2025
The Adoration of the Magi, William Morris (1890)
Public Domain.
Source: WikiArt, https://www.wikiart.org/en/william-morris/the-adoration-of-the-magi-1890
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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Unveiling the Threat of Disease X: Preparing for the Next Global Pandemic.
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Adenovirus-Specific T Cells in Adults Are Frequent, Cross-Reactive to Common Childhood Adenovirus Infections and Boosted by Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines.
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Clinical and Multiorgan Proteomics Characteristics of the Diverse Fatal Phase in Super Elderly Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Descriptive Study.
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POLM inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by degrading multiple viral structural proteins.
J Virol. 2025 Feb 10:e0227824. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02278.
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Amino acid substitutions in NSP6 and NSP13 of SARS-CoV-2 contribute to superior virus growth at low temperatures.
J Virol. 2025 Feb 12:e0221724. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02217.
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STT3B promotes porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by regulating N-glycosylation of PEDV S protein.
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PLSCR1 suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infection by downregulating cell surface ACE2.
J Virol. 2025 Feb 13:e0208524. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02085.
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The Lancet Commission on Transforming Primary Health Care in the Post-COVID-19 Era.
Lancet. 2025 Feb 10:S0140-6736(25)00198-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00198.
PubMed - PROAL AD, Aleman S, Bomsel M, Brodin P, et al
Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in long COVID.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 10:S1473-3099(24)00769.
PubMed Abstract available - CHEN L, Kaku Y, Okumura K, Uriu K, et al
Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 LP.8.1 variant.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 10:S1473-3099(25)00079.
PubMed - FURIE RA, Rovin BH, Garg JP, Santiago MB, et al
Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab in Active Lupus Nephritis.
N Engl J Med. 2025 Feb 7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2410965.
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VITT-like Monoclonal Gammopathy of Thrombotic Significance.
N Engl J Med. 2025 Feb 12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2415930.
PubMed Abstract available
Am J Obstet Gynecol
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (by AMEDEO, Feb. 16 '25)
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Physical Health and Mental Fatigue Disability Associated with Long COVID: Baseline Results from a US Nationwide Cohort.
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PubMed Abstract available - MCLAUGHLIN M, Sanal-Hayes NEM, Hayes LD, Berry EC, et al
People with Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Exhibit Similarly Impaired Vascular Function.
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A Critical Review on the Long-term COVID-19 Impacts on Patients with Diabetes.
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PLoS One. 2025;20:e0316198.
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Effect of organizational change on employee innovation performance: A dual mediation model.
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Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy during the Omicron wave in China: A longitudinal observational study.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0317319.
PubMed Abstract available - ZHU S, Alam A, Thornhill R, Tsehmaister-Abitbul V, et al
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular therapy: A multicenter Canadian study.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0316734.
PubMed Abstract available - SHEARD L, Previdoli G, Burton W, Benchekroun R, et al
Fair food futures UK: Protocol for a mixed methods study exploring what approaches adopted by community food organisations are more likely to prevent the need for emergency food in two multicultural communities in Northern and Southern England.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0304917.
PubMed Abstract available - GEBRETEKLE TK, Albers C
Modelling the impact of behavioural interventions during pandemics: A systematic review.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0310611.
PubMed Abstract available - GANTENBERG JR, van Aalst R, Diakun DR, Bengtson AM, et al
Healthcare utilization during acute medically attended episodes of respiratory syncytial virus-related lower respiratory tract infection among infants in the United States.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0313573.
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The recombinant spike S1 protein induces injury and inflammation in co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0318881.
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Preferential apical infection of Caco-2 intestinal cell monolayers by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with damage to cellular barrier integrity: Implications for the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0313068.
PubMed Abstract available - BARKET SE, Karim MR, Salan MSA
Bayesian spatio-temporal disease mapping of COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0316621.
PubMed Abstract available - MATH S, Nga JDL, Lim HF, Amin M, et al
Teledentistry-Dental students' preparedness and patients' experiences.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0318991.
PubMed Abstract available - NDAMUKUNDA ONU, Mutuyimana MT, Umubano F, Tuyishime E, et al
Socioeconomic and academic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students from the University of Rwanda.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0318066.
PubMed Abstract available - SKAMAGKI G, Blackburn L, Biggs D, Kolitsida M, et al
Exploring burnout, perfectionism, and moral injury among UK physiotherapists: A qualitative study on professional fulfilment and well-being.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0313730.
PubMed Abstract available - GU JM, Zhang SN, Xiao SY, Jia MY, et al
Effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjunctive therapy in distinct stages of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0318892.
PubMed Abstract available - KNIPE D, de Ossorno Garcia S, Salhi L, Afzal N, et al
Digital mental health service engagement changes during Covid-19 in children and young people across the UK: Presenting concerns, service activity, and access by gender, ethnicity, and deprivation.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0316468.
PubMed Abstract available - ISMAIL H, Huam ZS, Yew SQ, Ahmad H, et al
Sickness absenteeism among nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic: A study protocol.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0314763.
PubMed Abstract available - GELYI EK, Azaare J, Bonso NK, Kpordoxah MR, et al
Impact of perceived factors of coronavirus infection on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers in Ghana-Evidence from a cross-sectional analysis.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0318662.
PubMed Abstract available - LOVEDAY EK, Welhaven H, Erdogan AE, Hain KS, et al
Starve a cold or feed a fever? Identifying cellular metabolic changes following infection and exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0305065.
PubMed Abstract available - LIU W, Liu C, Wang D, She Y, et al
A novel framework for modeling quarantinable disease transmission.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0317553.
PubMed Abstract available - KOSTINOV M, Chuchalin A, Chebykina A, Khrapunova I, et al
Clinical status and cytokine profiles in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease vaccinated against influenza.
PLoS One. 2025;20:e0313539.
PubMed Abstract available - NGUYEN YTK, Zhu X, Han J, Rodriguez AJ, et al
Structural characterization of influenza group 1 chimeric hemagglutinins as broad vaccine immunogens.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122:e2416628122.
PubMed Abstract available - BRENNECKE B, Civili B, Sabale PM, Barluenga S, et al
Self-assembled proteomimetic (SAP) with antibody-like binding from short PNA-peptide conjugates.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122:e2412850122.
PubMed Abstract available - ABBAD A, Yueh J, Yellin T, Singh G, et al
Co-administration of seasonal quadrivalent influenza and COVID-19 vaccines leads to enhanced immune responses to influenza virus and reduced immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in naive mice.
Vaccine. 2025;50:126825.
PubMed Abstract available - FAUSTINI SE, Backhouse C, Duggal NA, Toellner KM, et al
Time of day of vaccination does not influence antibody responses to pneumococcal and annual influenza vaccination in a cohort of healthy older adults.
Vaccine. 2025;49:126770.
PubMed Abstract available - O'KENNEDY MM, Reedy SE, Abolnik C, Khan A, et al
Protective efficacy of a bivalent equine influenza H3N8 virus-like particle vaccine in horses.
Vaccine. 2025;50:126861.
PubMed Abstract available - WILLIAMS JTB, Johnson D, Weinshenker D, O'Leary ST, et al
Co-creation of pediatric influenza digital stories via rapid community translation.
Vaccine. 2025;51:126866.
PubMed Abstract available - ESSINK BJ, Vermeulen W, Andrade C, de Rooij R, et al
A randomised phase 2 immunogenicity and safety study of a MF59-adjuvanted quadrivalent subunit inactivated cell-derived influenza vaccine (aQIVc) in adults aged 50 years and older.
Vaccine. 2025;51:126791.
PubMed Abstract available - KIM SY, Song M, Kwon SL
Impact of caregiver vaccination status on child influenza vaccination hesitancy: A time-to-vaccination analysis for 2023-2024 season in the Republic of Korea.
Vaccine. 2025;49:126852.
PubMed Abstract available - VAN DIEMEN PM, Lean FZX, Ramsay A, Mollett BC, et al
Evaluation of a nanoparticle influenza vaccine in the pig model.
Vaccine. 2025;49:126844.
PubMed Abstract available
Am J Med
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Saturday, February 15, 2025
#USA, #Ohio Reports First #Human Case of {#H5N1} #Birdflu (DOH)
(COLUMBUS, Ohio)— The Ohio Department of Health is reporting the state’s first probable human case of influenza A(H5), also known as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), or bird flu.
An adult male Mercer County farm worker who was in contact with deceased commercial poultry was infected with the virus.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers the current risk of bird flu for the general public to be low. However, people with close and prolonged, unprotected contact with infected birds are at greater risk.
Guidance for the General Public
The risk of acquiring bird flu to the general U.S. population is low. The best way to prevent bird flu is to avoid direct contact with wild birds or sick or dead poultry or other animals.
Contact your local health department or local veterinarian for further guidance before you approach sick or dead poultry or wild birds.
*** REVISED ***
Guidance for Those Who Work With Poultry
Commercial poultry owners should practice good biosecurity and prevent contact between their poultry and wild birds, specifically migratory waterfowl.
Avoid handling sick birds or other animals and immediately report unusual signs of disease or unexpected deaths to Ohio Poultry Association at (614) 882-6111 or the Ohio Department of Agriculture at (614) 728-6220 or after hours at (888) 456-3405.
According to the Ohio Department of Agriculture, best biosecurity practices for commercial poultry owners include:
• Prevent Contact with wild birds and waterfowl. Keep birds indoors when possible. Add wildlife management practices around your farm. hpaifactsheet_wildlife-biosecurity.pdf (usda.gov)
• Keep visitors to a minimum. Only allow those who care for your poultry to have contact with them and make sure they follow biosecurity principles.
• Wash your hands before and after contact with live poultry. Use soap and water. If using a hand sanitizer, first remove manure, feathers, and other materials from your hands.
• Provide disposable boot covers (preferred) and/or disinfectant footbaths for anyone having contact with your flock. If using a footbath, remove all droppings, mud or debris from boots and shoes using a long-handled brush BEFORE stepping in. Always keep it clean.
• Establish a rodent and pest control program. Deliver, store, and maintain feed, ingredients, bedding and litter to limit exposure to and contamination from wild animals.
• Use drinking water sourced from a contained supply (well or municipal system). Do not use surface water for drinking or cleaning.
• Clean and disinfect tools and equipment before moving them to a new poultry facility. Trucks, tractors, tools and equipment should be cleaned and disinfected prior to exiting the property. Do not move or reuse anything that cannot be cleaned.
• Look for signs of illness. Monitor egg production and death loss, discoloration and/or swelling of legs, wattles and combs, labored breathing, reduced feed/water consumption.
More information about best biosecurity practices can be found on both the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) and Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA) websites.
Background on Bird Flu Cases in Humans
Nationally, there have been 68 confirmed human cases of HPAI in 11 states since the beginning of 2024, which included one death in Louisiana. All but three of these cases involved exposures related to commercial agriculture and related operations or wild birds. In Ohio, one dairy herd and numerous poultry flocks have been infected since the outbreak began in 2022.
There are no known cases of human-to-human transmission.
“While the risk to Ohioans is low, the best way to prevent bird flu is to avoid unprotected exposures to sick or dead birds or to their environment,” said ODH Director Bruce Vanderhoff, MD, MBA. “People should avoid direct contact with poultry or wild birds and take proper precautions, including reaching out for guidance regarding personal protection and safe handling, if you must be around sick or dead birds.”
Additional Information
It is safe to eat properly cooked poultry and pasteurized dairy products. Generally, people should follow food safety practices – poultry, eggs, and beef should be cooked to a safe internal temperature to kill bacteria and viruses. The CDC's safer foods table contains a complete list of safe internal temperatures.
If people have been exposed to a sick or dead bird, they should monitor themselves for any new respiratory symptoms and contact their healthcare provider or local health department should they develop symptoms. Ohioans can report sick or dead wild birds to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) at 1-800-WILDLIFE and sick or dead poultry to the ODA at 614-728-6220.
More information on HPAI can be found on both the ODH and ODA websites.
Source: Department of Health, https://odh.ohio.gov/media-center/odh-news-releases/ohio-reports-first-human-case-of-bird-flu-021225
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#USA, #Wyoming’s First #Human {#H5N1} #Birdflu Case Confirmed (DoH)
Wyoming’s First Human Bird Flu Case Confirmed
February 14, 2025
Wyoming’s First Human Bird Flu Case Confirmed
Wyoming’s first case of H5N1 avian influenza in a human has been confirmed in a Platte County older adult, according to the Wyoming Department of Health (WDH).
The woman represents the third confirmed hospitalization related to H5N1 in the United States.
“While this is a significant development as bird flu activity is monitored in Wyoming and across the country, it is not something we believe requires a high level of concern among most Wyoming residents,” said Dr. Alexia Harrist, state health officer and state epidemiologist with the Wyoming Department of Health.
Harrist said the woman is hospitalized in another state, has health conditions that can make people more vulnerable to illness, and was likely exposed to the virus through direct contact with an infected poultry flock at her home.
H5N1 has been known to be infecting wild birds in Wyoming for some time now with the currently circulating virus spreading nationally since 2022. Infections among poultry and dairy cattle have also occurred previously in Wyoming.
“Experts continue to track the spread of H5N1 through wild birds, poultry and dairy cattle across the country. A small number of people have also been infected. Most of those confirmed cases involved on-the-job close contact with poultry or cattle and mild symptoms,” Harrist said. “Unfortunately, this patient’s experience has been much more serious.”
“We want to remind people there has been no documented human-to-human virus transmission of this virus in the United States so far,” Harrist said. “Our staff has followed up with other people who had contact with the flock and the patient, and will continue working with state and national experts to monitor the situation carefully for Wyoming.”
Harrist noted the current public health risk is low, but there are some common-sense steps people may consider to help protect themselves and their families:
-- Do not eat uncooked or undercooked food; cook poultry, eggs and other animal products to the proper temperature and avoid cross-contamination between raw and cooked food.
-- Avoid direct contact with wild birds.
-- Avoid contact with wild or domestic birds that appear ill or have died. If symptoms are observed in birds, immediately contact a veterinarian, or report sick domestic birds to the Wyoming Livestock Board at 307-777-8270. If contact with the sick or dead birds is necessary, use of personal protection clothing and items is strongly recommended.
-- Avoid unprotected direct physical contact or close exposure with cattle and materials potentially infected or confirmed to be infected with bird flu.
-- Do not eat or drink raw milk or products made with raw milk.
-- Sick or dead wild birds may be reported to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD) by calling 307-745-5865, reporting online at https://survey123.arcgis.com/share/7d0c547b8fa54eaca73f7eb37d06315a or contacting the nearest WGFD regional office.
The test result was confirmed this afternoon by a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratory.
More information about bird flu is available from the CDC at https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/index.html. More specific recommendations for people who have poultry are available from CDC at https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/groups/index.html.
Source: Department of Health, https://health.wyo.gov/wyomings-first-human-bird-flu-case-confirmed/
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Friday, February 14, 2025
#USA, #Situation #summary of confirmed and probable #human #H5N1 #influenza virus cases since 2024 (as of Feb. 14 '25)
{Excerpt}
National Total Cases: 68
{Confirmed Cases}
Exposure source: Dairy Herds (Cattle)* - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations* - Other Animal Exposure† - Exposure Source Unknown‡
-- National - 41 - 23 - 1 - 3 - 68
1) California - 36 - 0 - 0 - 2 - 38
2) Colorado - 1 - 9 - 0 - 0 - 10
3) Iowa - 0 - 1 - 0 - 0 - 1
4) Louisiana - 0 - 0 - 1 - 0 - 1
5) Michigan - 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 2
6) Missouri - 0 - 0 - 0 - 1 - 1
7) Nevada - 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 1
8) Oregon - 0 - 1 - 0 - 0 - 1
9) Texas - 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 1
10)) Washington - 0 - 11 - 0 - 0 - 11
11) Wisconsin - 0 - 1 - 0 - 0 - 1
NOTE: One additional case was previously detected in a poultry worker in Colorado in 2022. Louisiana reported the first H5 bird flu death in the U.S.
{*} Exposure Associated with Commercial Agriculture and Related Operations
{†} Exposure was related to other animals such as backyard flocks, wild birds, or other mammals
{‡} Exposure source was not able to be identified
{Probable Cases}
Exposure source: Dairy Herds (Cattle)* - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations* - Other Animal Exposure† - Exposure Source Unknown‡
-- National - 1 - 6 - 0 - 1 - 8 {+1}
1) Arizona - 0 - 2 - 0 - 0 - 2
2) California - 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 1
3) Delaware - 0 - 0 - 0 - 1 - 1
4) Ohio - 0 - 1 - 0 - 0 - 1 {+1}
5) Washington - 0 - 3 - 0 - 0 - 3
(...)
Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fflu%2Favianflu%2Favian-flu-summary.htm&cove-tab=1
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Deglycosylation and #truncation in the #neuraminidase #stalk are functionally equivalent in enhancing the #pathogenicity of a HPAI virus in #chickens
ABSTRACT
Influenza A viruses with fewer amino acids in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk domain are primarily isolated from chickens rather than wild ducks, indicating that a shortened NA stalk is considered an adaptation marker of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) to chickens. Experimental passages of an H7N7 nonpathogenic AIV (rgVac2-P0) in chickens resulted in a highly pathogenic variant (Vac2-P3L4) with a 34-amino-acid deletion in the NA stalk, encompassing five potential N-glycosylation sites. To investigate how amino acid truncation and deglycosylation in the NA stalk contribute to increased pathogenicity, a virus with glycosylation-deficient mutations at these sites (rgVac2-P3L4/P0NAΔGlyco) was constructed. Contrary to expectations, chickens inoculated with rgVac2-P3L4/P0NAΔGlyco exhibited variable clinical outcomes, attributed to the genetic instability of the virus. A single mutation stabilized the virus, and the mutant (rgVac2-P3L4/P0NAΔGlyco-Y65H) resulted in higher pathogenicity compared with a virus with restored glycosylation (rgVac2-P3L4/P0NA-Y65H). Glycan occupancy analysis revealed 3–4 glycans at the five potential sites. In functional analysis, glycosylation-deficient mutants, similar to the short-stalk NA virus, showed significantly reduced erythrocyte elution activity. Additionally, mutational analysis indicated variable contributions of N-glycans to elution activity across the sites. Moreover, the functionally most contributing sites of the five potential N-glycosylation motifs were consistently included in the amino acid deletions of the stalk-truncated NA in N7-subtyped field isolates, despite the varying truncation position or length. These findings suggest that the loss of glycosylation is functionally equivalent to a reduction in amino acids, and it plays a crucial role in enhancing pathogenicity in chickens and affecting NA function.
Source: Journal of Virology, https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jvi.01478-24?af=R
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Marburg Virus Disease–United Republic of #Tanzania
{Excerpt}
Situation at a glance
Since the declaration of the Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak on 20 January 2025 in the United Republic of Tanzania, one additional confirmed death was reported by the Ministry of Health from the epicentre of the outbreak in Biharamulo district in Kagera region.
As of 10 February 2025, a cumulative of two confirmed and eight probable cases were reported by the Ministry of Health.
All 10 cases have died, including eight who died before the confirmation of the outbreak.
As of 10 February 2025, all 281 contacts that were listed and under monitoring have completed the 21-day follow-up.
The Ministry of Health developed a national response plan to guide activities. Additionally, a national rapid response team was deployed to the affected region to enhance outbreak investigation and response, with technical and operational support from WHO and health partners.
Description of the situation
Since the previous Disease Outbreak News on this outbreak was published on 14 January 2025, two confirmed cases have been reported, and efforts are ongoing to ascertain the source of infection.
As of 10 February 2025, a cumulative of 10 cases have been reported including two confirmed and eight probable cases. All cases resulted in death, including eight who died before the confirmation of the outbreak.
The two cases confirmed since the outbreak declaration died while in isolation at a designated MVD treatment centre.
On 28 January, a safe and dignified burial was performed for the last confirmed case. No new confirmed or probable cases have been reported following this burial.
The presumptive index case, an adult female, had symptom onset on 9 December and died on 16 December 2024.
All 10 cases were reported from Biharamulo district in Kagera region; the median age of cases was 30 years (range: 1 to 75 years) and the majority of cases (70%, 7) were females.
Cumulatively, 90 suspected cases were reported between 20 January and 10 February, all of which tested negative for MVD.
As of 10 February 2025, all 281 contacts that were listed have completed 21 days of follow-up.
The first MVD outbreak in Tanzania was reported in March 2023 in Bukoba district in Kagera region, and zoonotic reservoirs, such as fruit bats, remain endemic to the area. The outbreak in March 2023 lasted for nearly two months with nine cases including six deaths.
Epidemiology
MVD is a highly virulent disease that can cause severe disease and is clinically similar to Ebola disease (EBOD).
EBOD and MVD are caused by orthoebolaviruses and orthomarburgviruses respectively; both are members of the Filoviridae family (filovirus).
People become infected after prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus fruit bat colonies, a type of fruit bat, that can carry the Marburg virus.
Marburg virus then spreads between people via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids.
Health workers have previously been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed MVD.
Burial ceremonies that involve direct contact with the body of the deceased can also contribute to the transmission of Marburg virus.
The incubation period varies from two to 21 days. Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache and severe malaise. Severe watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cramping, nausea and vomiting can begin on the third day. Although not all cases present with haemorrhagic signs, severe haemorrhagic manifestations may appear between five and seven days from symptoms onset, and fatal cases usually have some form of bleeding, often from multiple areas of the body. In fatal cases, death occurs most often between eight and nine days after symptom onset, usually preceded by severe blood loss and shock.
There is currently no approved treatment or vaccine for MVD. Some candidate vaccines and therapeutics are currently under investigation.
Eighteen outbreaks of MVD have previously been reported globally. The most recent outbreak was reported from Rwanda between September and December 2024. Additional countries that previously reported outbreaks of MVD in the African Region include Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, South Africa, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda.
Public health response
The Ministry of Health developed a national response plan to guide response activities.
A National Incident Management System was activated to coordinate the response to the event and a national task force was activated, and meetings are held weekly. At the sub-national level, regular coordination meetings are being held in Kagera Region.
A national rapid response team was deployed to the affected region to enhance outbreak investigation and response, with technical and operational support from WHO and health partners.
WHO has deployed experts to support the MoH with partner coordination and other response activities in different pillars.
Surveillance activities continue with active case finding and contact tracing across affected areas.
The mobile laboratory deployed in Kabaile continues to support the testing of suspect cases for rapid turnaround time, and samples are referred to the central public health laboratory in Dar es Salaam for additional tests. Additionally, genomic sequencing was conducted on the two positive samples.
Screening of travellers departing from Kagera Region continues at key points of entry and exit, including Bukoba airport.
Healthcare worker sensitization sessions on infection prevention and control are ongoing across Kagera and other regions.
The Marburg Treatment Unit has been upgraded with enhanced triage, patient wards, and donning and doffing areas. Public awareness campaigns, including health education, door-to-door outreach by community health workers, and public announcements in high-risk areas, are ongoing.
Cross border meetings have been convened between Tanzania, Uganda and Burundi.
WHO has procured and delivered four VHF kits to Kagera region to support the response.
WHO risk assessment
The risk of this MVD outbreak is assessed as high at the national level due to several concerning factors. The outbreak thus far involves 10 cases (eight probable and two confirmed), including 10 deaths, resulting in a CFR of 100%. One case was a healthcare worker, highlighting the risk of nosocomial transmission. The source of the outbreak is still unknown. The delayed detection and isolation of cases could lead to a missed chain of transmission.
The regional risk is considered high due to Kagera's strategic location as a transit hub, with significant cross-border movement of the population to Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This highlights the potential for spread into neighbouring countries. MVD is not easily transmissible (i.e. in most instances, it requires contact with the body fluids of a sick patient presenting with symptoms or with surfaces contaminated with these fluids). However, it cannot be excluded that a person exposed to the virus may travel.
The global risk is currently assessed as low. There is no confirmed international spread at this stage, although there are concerns about potential risks. Kagera region of Tanzania, while not close to the country’s capital or major international airports, is well-connected through transportation networks, and has an airport that connects to Dar es Salaam for onward travel outside Tanzania by air. This highlights the need for enhanced surveillance and case management capacities at relevant points of entry and along borders, as well as close coordination with neighbouring countries to strengthen readiness capacities.
(...)
Source: World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2025-DON554
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#USA, Monitoring for Avian #Influenza A(#H5) Virus In #Wastewater {released Feb. 14 '25}
{Excerpt}
Time Period: February 02 - February 08, 2025
-- H5 Detection: 15 sites (3.9%)
-- No Detection: 372 sites (96.1%)
-- No samples in last week: 63 sites
(...)
Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Antiviral Mechanisms and #Preclinical Evaluation of #Amantadine #Analogs that Continue to Inhibit #Influenza A Viruses with M2S31N-Based Drug Resistance
Abstract
To better manage seasonal and pandemic influenza infections, new drugs are needed with enhanced activity against amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant influenza A virus (IAV) strains containing the S31N variant of the viral M2 ion channel (M2S31N). Here we tested 36 amantadine analogs against a panel of viruses containing either M2S31N or the parental, M2 S31 wild-type variant (M2WT). We found that several analogs, primarily those with sizeable lipophilic adducts, inhibited up to three M2S31N-containing viruses with activities at least 5-fold lower than rimantadine, without inhibiting M2S31N proton currents or modulating endosomal pH. While M2WT viruses in passaging studies rapidly gained resistance to these analogs through the established M2 mutations V27A and/or A30T, resistance development was markedly slower for M2S31N viruses and did not associate with additional M2 mutations. Instead, a subset of analogs, exemplified by 2-propyl-2-adamantanamine (38), but not 2-(1-adamantyl)piperidine (26), spiro[adamantane-2,2’-pyrrolidine] (49), or spiro[adamantane-2,2’-piperidine] (60), inhibited cellular entry of infectious IAV following pre-treatment and/or H1N1 pseudovirus entry. Conversely, an overlapping subset of the most lipophilic analogs including compounds 26, 49, 60, and others, disrupted viral M2-M1 protein colocalization required for intracellular viral assembly and budding. Finally, a pilot toxicity study in mice demonstrated that 38 and 49 were tolerated at 30 mg/kg. Together, these results indicate that amantadine analogs act on multiple, complementary mechanisms to inhibit replication of M2S31N viruses.
Source: Antiviral Research, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166354225000300?via%3Dihub
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Research Note: Novel #reassortant avian #influenza A(#H9N2) Viruses in Wild #Birds in #Shanghai, #China, 2020–2023
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus poses significant challenges to global poultry and human health. During the active surveillance of avian influenza virus in wild birds in Shanghai from 2020 to 2023, a total of nine H9N2 viruses were identified. To better understand the genetic characteristics of these H9N2 viruses in Shanghai, the whole genome sequences were analyzed. Phylogenetical analysis showed that the nine H9N2 viruses have undergone complicated reassortment with waterfowl viruses along the East Asian-Australasian flyways. The nine H9N2 viruses were classified into seven genotypes, and some of them could contribute internal genes to recently circulating HPAI A(H5N8) and A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b. These results highlight the importance of active surveillance of AIVs in wild birds to comprehend viral ecology and evaluate potential transmission risk in poultry and humans.
Source: Poultry Sciences, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125000975?via%3Dihub
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Thursday, February 13, 2025
Inactivated Zoonotic #Influenza A(#H5N8) #Vaccine Induces Robust #Antibody Responses Against Recent HPAI Clade 2.3.4.4b A(#H5N1) Viruses
Abstract
In 2023, Finland faced an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza caused by clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses, which spread from wild birds to fur farms. Vaccinations of individuals at-risk, such as fur and poultry farm workers, veterinarians, and laboratory workers, began in June 2024 using the MF59-adjuvanted inactivated (H5N8) vaccine manufactured by Seqirus (based on clade 2.3.4.4b A/Astrakhan/3212/2020). We investigated antibody responses following a two-dose vaccination regimen in 39 subjects. Vaccination induced comparable levels of functional antibodies both against the vaccine virus and two clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, either associated with outbreaks in fur animals in Finland or cattle in the United States. Upon two doses of the vaccine for previously unvaccinated people, the seroprotection rate against the vaccine virus was 83 % (95 % CI 70-97 %, titer ≥20) and 97 % (95 % CI 90-100 %, titer ≥40) using microneutralization or hemagglutinin inhibition assays, respectively. In a subset of previously H5-vaccinated individuals, the first dose already led to seroprotective titers, indicative of immunological recall. These data show that the vaccine is expected to confer cross-protection against currently circulating H5 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses.
Source: MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.25322044v1
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#Seroprevalence of Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza A(#H5) Virus #Infections Among Bovine #Veterinary #Practitioners — #USA, September 2024
Summary
-- What is already known about this topic?
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus infections have been detected in humans exposed to infected dairy cattle.
-- What is added by this report?
- Public health officials conducted a serosurvey among 150 bovine veterinary practitioners. Three practitioners had evidence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus, including two without exposures to animals with known or suspected HPAI A(H5) virus infections and one who did not practice in a U.S. state with known HPAI A(H5) virus–infected cattle.
-- What are the implications for public health practice?
- These findings suggest the possible benefit of systematic surveillance for rapid identification of HPAI A(H5) virus in dairy cattle, milk, and humans who are exposed to cattle to ensure appropriate hazard assessments.
Abstract
The current outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) clade 2.3.4.4.b viruses, genotype B3.13, among dairy cattle was first detected in March 2024 (1), with human cases of HPAI A(H5) among dairy farm workers identified beginning in April (2). Farm workers and bovine veterinary practitioners working with HPAI A(H5) virus–infected cattle are at increased risk for HPAI A(H5) exposure; in the current outbreak, most human infections with HPAI A(H5) have been mild and were detected through enhanced surveillance of persons working with affected animals (2).
Source: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7404a2.htm?s_cid=mm7404a2_w
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Rapid #Surge of #Reassortant A(#H1N1) #Influenza Viruses in Danish #Swine and their #Zoonotic Potential
Abstract
In 2018, a single detection of a novel reassortant swine influenza A virus (swIAV) was made in Denmark. The hemagglutinin (HA) of the virus was from the H1N1 pandemic 2009 (H1N1pdm09) lineage and the neuraminidase (NA) from the H1N1 Eurasian avian-like swine lineage (H1N1av). By 2022, the novel reassortant virus (H1pdm09N1av) constituted 27% of swIAVs identified through the Danish passive swIAV surveillance program. Sequencing detected two H1pdm09N1av genotypes; Genotype 1 contained an entire internal gene cassette of H1N1pdm09 origin, Genotype 2 differed by carrying an NS gene segment of H1N1av origin. The internal gene cassette of Genotype 2 became increasingly dominant, not only in the H1pdm09N1av population, but also in other Danish enzootic swIAV subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes from H1pdm09N1av viruses revealed a monophyletic source, a higher substitution rate compared to other H1N1pdm09 viruses and genetic differences with human seasonal and other swine adapted H1N1pdm09 viruses. Correspondingly, H1pdm09N1av viruses were antigenically distinct from human H1N1pdm09 vaccine viruses. Both H1pdm09N1av genotypes transmitted between ferrets by direct contact, but only Genotype 1 was capable of efficient aerosol transmission. The rapid spread of H1pdm09N1av viruses in Danish swine herds is concerning for swine and human health. Their zoonotic threat is highlighted by the limited pre-existing immunity observed in the human population, aerosol transmission in ferrets and the finding that the internal gene cassette of Genotype 2 was present in the first two zoonotic infections ever detected in Denmark.
Source: Emerging Microbes and Infections, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2025.2466686
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
Unexpected #Pediatric #Cluster of #Enterovirus C105, #Verona, #Italy
Abstract
In an epidemiologic investigation of Enterovirus (EV) infections in a Verona hospital, September 2022–September 2024, we detected EV-C105 in six pediatric patients with upper respiratory symptoms between March and May 2023. The primary objective was to describe the local incidence of EV cases. The secondary objective was to perform Sanger’s genomic characterization and the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of EV-C105. The proportion of positive EV results was calculated based on routine molecular method testing. An available cohort of 114 underwent Sanger sequencing, and the six EV-C105 were characterized with WGS. Overall, 96% EV results were from the upper respiratory tract. The total proportion of positives in children was 83%. Out of the typed 114, 90% were Rhinoviruses and 9%, EVs. Notably, six pediatric cases were EV-C105, placing together in a unique cluster with 99% of nucleotides belonging to the European lineage with the highest Average Nucleotide Identity, including EV-C104, EV-C109, and EV-C118. Our data describes the first cluster indicating that EV-C105 incidence may be higher than previously estimated. However, a limitation for affirming this hypothesis is the lack of a more in-depth epidemiological investigation on a larger case series with the possibility of including data from coordinated laboratories.
Source: Viruses, https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/255
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#UK, Latest #update on cases of Clade Ib #mpox
{February 13 2025}
Latest update
A new case of clade Ib mpox has been detected in England, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) can confirm.
The case was detected in London and the individual is now under specialist care at the Royal Free Hospital High Consequence Infectious Diseases unit. They had recently returned from Uganda, where there is currently community transmission of clade Ib mpox. The UKHSA and NHS will not be disclosing any further details about the individual.
The risk to the UK population remains low. In the context of the outbreak in parts of Africa, we expect to see the occasional imported case of clade Ib mpox in the UK.
This is the eighth case of clade Ib mpox confirmed in England since October 2024. This case has no links to the previous cases identified in England.
Close contacts of the case are being followed up by UKHSA and partner organisations. Contacts will be offered testing and vaccination where needed to prevent further infections and they will be advised on any necessary further care if they have symptoms or test positive.
Dr Merav Kliner, Incident Director at UKHSA, said:
''The risk to the UK population remains low. Close contacts have been identified and offered appropriate advice in order to reduce the chance of further spread.
Clade Ib mpox has been circulating in several countries in Africa in recent months. Imported cases have been detected in a number of countries including Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden and the United States.
There has been extensive planning undertaken to ensure healthcare professionals are equipped and prepared to respond to confirmed cases.
Further updates on clade Ib mpox case numbers will be published on the following page: Confirmed cases of mpox clade Ib in United Kingdom.
(...)
Source: United Kingdom Health Security Agency, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ukhsa-detects-first-case-of-clade-ib-mpox
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I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
#India - High pathogenicity avian #influenza #H5N1 viruses (#poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification
I am an Italian blogger, active since 2005 with main focus on emerging infectious diseases such as avian influenza, SARS, antibiotics resistance, and many other global Health issues. Other fields of interest are: climate change, global warming, geological and biological sciences. My activity consists mainly in collection and analysis of news, public services updates, confronting sources and making decision about what are the 'signals' of an impending crisis (an outbreak, for example). When a signal is detected, I follow traces during the entire course of an event. I started in 2005 my blog ''A TIME'S MEMORY'', now with more than 40,000 posts and 3 millions of web interactions. Subsequently I added an Italian Language blog, then discontinued because of very low traffic and interest. I contributed for seven years to a public forum (FluTrackers.com) in the midst of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, I left the site to continue alone my data tracking job.
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