ETIDIOH - NEW

  A fattening turkey holding in Csongrád-Csanád Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7172 ____

  ABSTRACT Avian influenza virus cross-species infection in humans poses a major threat to global public health . Species-specific differences between avian ANP32A and mammalian ANP32 proteins create a natural barrier against viral cross-species infection by directly impairing the functional interaction between the avian-origin viral RNA polymerase and mammalian ANP32 proteins , thereby restricting viral genome replication . The key to overcoming this barrier lies in the adaptation of viral RNA polymerase to host ANP32 family proteins . This mini-review summarizes the mechanisms and variations in influenza virus adaptation to ANP32 proteins across different species. Influenza viruses adapt to species-specific ANP32 proteins through various mutations and display distinct preferences for specific ANP32 family members within the same host. Additionally, alternative splicing variants of ANP32A within a single species further modulate viral RNA polymerase adaptability. Despite this dive...

  Abstract Introduction Prion diseases are mortal neurodegenerative disorders , which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Due to its heterogenous clinical presentation diagnosis uncertainties are common. In this paper we explore CJD diagnostic challenges focusing on differential diagnosis and diagnostic delays. Methods We report a case of a patient who was misclassified and evaluated by several medical specialties before the CJD suspicion . A systematic review of the literature of the CJD case reports focused on the timely and differential diagnosis was carried out in Medline and Embase until May 2023. Results Patient with diagnosis was made due to the form of presentation and clinical evolution , neuroimaging and the presence of protein 14-3-3 . In systematic review, fifteen articles were selected, who reported 31 cases of CJD with problems in the timely diagnosis and incorrect initial diagnosis , the main initial differential diagnoses were psychiatry exacerbation, myelopath...

  Reproductive ducks. 41 months old. Drop in lay and reduction of water consumption. Gastrointestinal symptoms. HaZafon Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7168 ____

  A wild mute swan in Kauno Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7166 ____

  Abstract The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 represent a major threat to animal and public health . The current panzootic with H5 clade 2.3.4.4b has caused numerous, widespread outbreaks in various domestic and wild avian species with high mortalities, massive losses and a high frequency of spillover events to unexpected novel mammalian hosts such as dairy cows . The global H5N1 situation raises serious concerns about zoonotic risks due to effective mammal-to-mammal transmission . Therefore, it is critical to increase surveillance intensity of a broadened species range, particularly at the human-animal interface . For this purpose, reliable and cost-effective serological tools that are easy to perform and suitable for high-throughput screenings are critically needed. The newly developed double antigen ELISA format employing a luminescence-based detection technology has demonstrated to comply with such prerequisites. The assay allowed the detectio...

  {Abstract} Background :  Emerging threats such as highly pathogenic influenza strains like H5N1 emphasize the need for vaccines that induce cross-reactive immunity against conserved epitopes. Existing influenza vaccines primarily elicit strain-specific responses , leaving gaps in protection against pandemic subtypes. This study aimed to evaluate T cell responses to seasonal influenza A and H5N1 and compare them to SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses to understand differences shaped by distinct exposure histories and vaccination strategies. Methods :  T cell responses were assessed in 41 laboratory workers who received annual seasonal influenza vaccines using ELISpot to quantify responses to peptide pools derived from influenza ( H1N1 hemagglutinin [HA], H3N2 HA, H5N1 HA, matrix protein 1 [MP1], nucleoprotein [NP]) and SARS-CoV-2 (spike [S2S], nucleocapsid [S2N]). Ten-day expansion assays were used to evaluate functional cross-reactivity between H1, H3, and H5 HA. Intra...

  {Excerpt} Time Period: December 21, 2025 - December 27, 2025 -- H5 Detection :  4 site(s) ( 1.1% ) -- No Detection :  359 site(s) (98.9%) -- No samples in last week :  168 site(s) (...) Source:  Link:  https://www.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/wwd-h5.html ____

  Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has expanded rapidly across the Southern Ocean since 2023 , causing extensive mortality in sub-Antarctic wildlife . Yet its penetration into Antarctica and impacts on ice-dependent species remain poorly resolved primarily due to surveillance constraints . We report the first confirmed H5N1 infection in an Antarctic ice-dependent seal (crabeater seal; Lobodon carcinophaga) and document mortality of crabeater seals across the northern Weddell Sea during November-December 2024 . Combining genomic, serological and observational data across nine species, we detected H5N1 RNA in a crabeater seal and a kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), and recovered complete HA, NA and M2 gene sequences from both. Phylogenetic analyses allowed us to identify at least two independent introductions of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b into the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Serology provided strong evidence of prior exposure in scavenging bir...

  A poultry farm in Lubelskie Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7162 ____

  {Kerala} 1) The outbreak was detected in ducks within an integrated rice–duck farming system. 2) The outbreak was detected in ducks within an integrated rice–duck farming system. 3) The outbreak was detected in ducks within an integrated rice–duck farming system. 4) The outbreak was detected in ducks within an integrated rice–duck farming system. 5) The outbreak was detected in ducks within an integrated rice–duck farming system. 6) The outbreak was detected in ducks within an integrated rice–duck farming system. 7) The outbreak was detected in ducks within an integrated rice–duck farming system. 8, 9 & 10) Poultry farms. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7161 ____

  By Unknown author - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper. Original uploader was Paddington62 at en.wikipedia, Public Domain,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10541855 Source:  Link:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Brisbane ____

  Public Domain. Source:  Link:  https://www.wikiart.org/en/lan-ying/red-friend ____

Abstract Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a neurotropic respiratory pathogen, poses a considerable clinical threat through its link to pediatric acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and severe respiratory illness . The possibility of recurrent epidemics , evidenced since the 2014 outbreak, remains a major concern . Genomic determinants of virulence are central to this threat. Sequence variations that affect host–receptor interactions , immune evasion, and replication efficiency serve as critical modifiers of pathogenicity. This article systematically reviews the evidence for specific genomic sites that enhance EV-D68 virulence , focusing on three critical regions: the VP1 receptor-binding site , the 2Apro/TRAF3 cleavage site, and the 3Cpro immunoregulatory region . Mutations in the VP1 receptor-binding site can alter affinity for host receptors such as sialic acid, heparan sulfate, and MFSD6 , thereby shaping viral entry and tissue tropism . Alterations in the 2Apro/TRAF3 cleavage site may impair pro...

  Antiviral Res RODRIGUEZ L, Hu Y, Li J, Han D, et al SARS-CoV-2 Resistance Analyses From the Phase 3 OAKTREE Study of Obeldesivir in Low-Risk Nonhospitalized Participants With COVID-19. Antiviral Res. 2025 Dec 29:106339. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106339. PubMed           Abstract available Eur J Radiol YAO J, Zhang L, Huang S, Cao S, et al Changes in the cerebral glymphatic system after rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients: A five-year follow-up study. Eur J Radiol. 2025;195:112615. PubMed           Abstract available Int J Infect Dis DAVIDO B, Mamona C, Gault E, Annane D, et al "Three of a Kind?" Unmasking the Clinical Burden of Human Metapneumovirus and Parainfluenza Virus Compared to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Adults: A Pre-COVID-19 Multicenter Cohort Study. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 26:108353. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108353. PubMed         ...

  BMC Pediatr CHEN Y, Wang Y, Tao X, Zhou M, et al Pediatric necrotizing pneumonia caused by mixed infection with influenza A virus and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus: case report and literature review. BMC Pediatr. 2025 Dec 24. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06410. PubMed           Abstract available Eur J Epidemiol OSTERGREN OM, Counil E, Karimi A, Fall T, et al Who got tested and who got sick? Sociodemographic inequalities in COVID-19 testing and hospitalization among 1.48 million individuals in Sweden. Eur J Epidemiol. 2025;40:1431-1439. PubMed           Abstract available J Immunol ABE K, Holmes TH, Nguyen TT, Kim-Schulze S, et al Evaluating COVID-19 severity prediction and immune dynamics with NULISAseq: Insights from the IMPACC study. J Immunol. 2025;214:3310-3320. PubMed           Abstract available OSUAGWU AE, Payne M, Bosch J, Mbony...

  Par Milleuros — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21899269 Source:  Link:  https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFF_Ee_922 ____

Abstract Monkeypox (MPOX) is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), an orthopoxvirus closely related to smallpox . Initially confined to endemic regions in Central and West Africa , MPOX has recently gained global significance with outbreaks reported across multiple continents . MPXV is maintained in animal reservoirs but is increasingly transmitted from person to person , facilitated by close contact, respiratory droplets , and, in some cases, sexual transmission . Clinically, MPOX presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, and a characteristic vesiculopustular rash , though atypical manifestations have been observed in recent outbreaks, complicating diagnosis. Laboratory confirmation relies on molecular testing , while differential diagnosis must consider varicella, herpes, and other vesicular illnesses. Therapeutic options remain limited ; supportive care is the cornerstone of management, but antivirals such as tecovirimat and brincidofovir, as well as smallpox va...

ABSTRACT Faced with the global monkeypox outbreak, current vaccine development predominantly focuses on the mRNA platform despite its limitations in stability and long-term efficacy. Here, we engineered a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-vectored cocktail vaccine encoding four conserved monkeypox virus (MPXV) antigens (A35R, A29L, M1R, and B6R; >94% clade homology), leveraging the thermostable properties of the VSV platform validated for 4°C storage in Ebola vaccines. In BALB/c mice , this multi-antigen vaccine elicited a rapid humoral response with specific IgG detectable by day 7, effectively neutralized the virus, and induced a robust Th1/Th2 balanced cytokine response . Immunization conferred 100% survival against lethal vaccinia virus WR strain challenge , with undetectable viral loads in the lungs and serum , and sustained efficacy against secondary infection at 60 days. Histopathology confirmed minimal lung damage in vaccinated mice . Crucially, upon the successi...