#Genomic and structural #evidence of #SARS-CoV-2 and #MERS-CoV in migratory #birds

 

Significance

Coronaviruses are regarded as highly important pathogens of birds and mammals. Herein, we obtained three almost full-length severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes and one partial Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) genome in the feces of migratory birds based on meta-transcriptome and PCR amplification. We determined the affinities and the complex structures between receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein of two migratory birds, Tundra and Black swans. Moreover, pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variants can enter into HeLa cells expressing ACE2 proteins of these birds. Altogether, our results expand our understanding of migratory birds as potential carrier of both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.

Abstract

Migratory birds are the natural reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV), but their role as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Here, we report the identification of three almost full-length viral genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in Tundra swans. These sequences are named hCoV-19/Tundra swan/Jiangxi/IMCAS_M1/2021 (IMCAS_M1), hCoV-19/Tundra swan/Jiangxi /IMCAS_M2/2021 (IMCAS_M2), and hCoV-19/Tundra swan/Jiangxi/IMCAS_M3/2021 (IMCAS_M3). IMCAS_M1 and IMCAS_M3 have the same mutations as the Beta VOC (K417N, E484K, and N501Y) in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein, whereas IMCAS_M2 shares the same mutations as the Gamma VOC (K417T, E484K, and N501Y) in the RBD with all three showing their distinct mutations in the genomes. Virus receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins from both Tundra swan (tsACE2) and Black swan (bsACE2) can bind to the RBDs of all three viruses and the Alpha VOC, but not to RBD of the prototype (PT) virus. The polar contacts and hydrophobic interactions revealed by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the RBD–ACE2 complex, play key roles in virus–receptor engagement. Furthermore, HeLa cells expressing bsACE2 and tsACE2 proteins could be transduced by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma) but not PT SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we obtained one partial genome of MERS-CoV named Bar-headed goose/Tibet/IMCAS_M4/2022 (IMCAS_M4) with 20,180 bp (~70.0% coverage). Our findings highlight the importance of migratory birds as potential carrier of both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, thereby posing potential threat to public health.

Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, https://www.pnas.org/

Link: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2400023123

____

#Andes Virus #Exposure and #Nosocomial #Transmission Events to #Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review

 

Abstract

Background

Andes virus (ANDV) is a high-consequence infectious disease with substantial mortality. On May 2, 2026, the World Health Organization reported a multinational ANDV outbreak, raising questions regarding risk of transmission to healthcare personnel (HCP).

Methods

We performed a systematic review per PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO:CRD420261283806) for studies describing healthcare-associated ANDV exposure or transmission events to HCP.

Results

Eight studies reporting on 7 events were included, describing a total of 17 healthcare-associated cases. Overall, 207 individuals were exposed, including 118 HCP, resulting in 8 infections and 4 deaths among HCP. Studies describing HCP infections reported none or inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) use.

Conclusions

Transmission of ANDV to HCP has been reported in the setting of delayed implementation of transmission-based precautions or breaches in infection control practice. Limitations in published exposure events highlight the need for standardized reporting of exposure events and outcomes as well as infection prevention measures implemented.

Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Journal, https://academic.oup.com/cid

Link: https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciag394/8721691

____

{#Canada} #Fatal #rabies in a #child (CMAJ)

 

{Summary}

Key points

    ° Rabies is a neurotropic infection that is rare in Canada and almost always fatal once symptoms develop.

    ° Rabies postexposure prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing infection in exposed humans if administered promptly and before onset of rabies symptoms.

    ° Any direct human contact with a bat is an indication for rabies postexposure prophylaxis and should be discussed with the regional public health authority.

    ° No established efficacious therapies are available for treatment of rabies once symptom onset has occurred.

An immunocompetent 11-year-old boy presented with odynophagia and emesis to an urban hospital emergency department in Ontario, Canada. Seven days before presentation, he had developed progressive right-sided facial paresthesia and numbness, followed by anorexia and right-sided facial swelling. Four days after symptom onset, he had been prescribed oral valacyclovir (1 g, 3 times daily) at a local urgent care clinic for presumed Bell palsy secondary to herpes simplex virus; however, he was unable to tolerate this because of odynophagia. He had no history of allergies, sick contacts, tick bites, or recent travel outside the country.

(...)

Source: Canadian Medical Association Journal, https://www.cmaj.ca/

Link: https://www.cmaj.ca/content/198/25/E969

____

#Taiwan, As the #COVID19 #epidemic continues to rise, CDC calls the public to get vaccinated as soon as possible (June 30 '26)

 

    The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated today (June 30) that the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rise both domestically and internationally, and with the summer travel season approaching, the risk of virus transmission is increasing. 

    The publicly funded COVID-19 vaccines currently used in Taiwan still provide protection against the existing circulating strains. 

    Those planning to travel who have not yet been vaccinated are encouraged to seize this opportunity to get vaccinated as soon as possible to obtain sufficient protection.

    According to CDC statistics, the COVID-19 pandemic is rising domestically. 

    In the 25th week (June 21-27), there were 1,452 outpatient and emergency room visits related to COVID-19, an increase of 43.8% compared to the previous week. 

    Last week (June 23-29), there were 8 new local cases of severe COVID-19 complications, with no new local deaths. 

    Since October 2025, there have been a cumulative total of 105 local cases of severe COVID-19 complications, of which 16 have died. 

    The majority of severe cases are among the elderly aged 65 and above (71.4%) and those with a history of chronic diseases (81.9%). 94.3% of these cases have not received the COVID-19 vaccine this season. 

    The global COVID-19 positivity rate has recently shown a slight increase, with a significant rise in the Western Pacific and Eastern Mediterranean regions. 

    Neighboring countries/regions such as China, Hong Kong, and Japan are experiencing rising cases, while South Korea's situation is fluctuating at a low point. 

    Currently, the predominant circulating variant globally is NB.1.8.1, followed by BA.3.2 and JN.1. 

    Neighboring countries such as China and Hong Kong have a higher proportion of NB.1.8.1. 

    Furthermore, as of June 28, 2026, approximately 1.728 million COVID-19 vaccinations have been administered this season, with vaccination rates among those aged 65 and above at 20.97% for the first dose and 0.48% for the second dose.

    The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reminds the public that the nationwide rollout of publicly funded COVID-19 vaccines to those who are 6 months (180 days) or older will continue until July 31st of this year. 

    Approximately 461,000 doses remain in stock (including 455,000 doses of the single-dose Moderna vaccine and 6,000 doses of the Novavax vaccine). 

    The public is urged to seize this opportunity and get vaccinated as soon as possible. 

    High-risk groups, such as those aged 65 and above, who have not yet been vaccinated or have received their first dose with a 6-month interval, are also urged to get vaccinated promptly to enhance their immune protection. 

    Furthermore, the multi-dose Moderna vaccine for young children has been exhausted. 

    Following discussions and approval by the Advisory Committee on Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (ACIP) of the Ministry of Health and Welfare on June 24th of this year, it has been agreed that for children aged 6 months to 11 years who require vaccination, the remaining doses of the single-dose Moderna vaccine (after deducting half the dose) can be used for their vaccination.

    The CDC urges the public not to be complacent about the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic and to take necessary precautions such as frequent handwashing, wearing masks, and getting vaccinated. 

    Individuals with severe risk factors (such as those over 65 years of age, pregnant women, those with chronic diseases, or those with weakened immune systems) are at high risk of developing severe complications. 

    If they experience suspected symptoms, they should seek medical attention as soon as possible. 

    A doctor will assess their condition and prescribe antiviral medication to reduce the risk of severe complications or death after infection. 

    The public can also purchase home rapid testing kits at convenience stores or pharmacies that sell them for self-testing to facilitate subsequent medical diagnosis and treatment. 

    Currently, there are sufficient reserves of antiviral drugs. There are 113,000 doses of oral antiviral drugs (Beravir and Remdesivir) and 156,000 doses of injectable Remdesivir in stock. 

    Health bureaus in various counties and cities will manage and allocate resources according to the usage at each distribution point. The public can rest assured.

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/I6r18LGy_-Y1I2Fj72gO2w?typeid=9

____

#Bundibugyo virus disease: #transmission dynamics, infectiousness and viral #persistence

 

Abstract

BVD is a severe filoviral haemorrhagic fever caused by the Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), for which outbreak-related evidence remains limited compared with that available for Zaire ebolavirus. This perspective summarizes current evidence on transmission dynamics, presymptomatic infectiousness, post-recovery viral persistence and the duration of infectiousness, distinguishing BDBV-specific data from evidence extrapolated from other ortho-Ebolaviruses.

Available epidemiological data from the 2007–2008 outbreak in Uganda indicate that BDBV transmission occurs primarily through direct contact with the blood or body fluids of symptomatic or deceased individuals, with the handling of corpses representing a significant risk factor (adjusted odds ratio 3.83; 95% confidence interval 1.78–8.23).

The average incubation period is 6.3 days, and prolonged chains of transmission were documented in household and healthcare settings. No documented evidence of pre-symptomatic transmission in humans is currently available, although experimental animal data suggest biological plausibility.

No BDBV-specific data are available regarding viral persistence and duration of infectiousness. Consequently, current recommendations rely largely on evidence derived from other orthoebolaviruses. Viral RNA may persist after recovery in immunoprivileged sites, particularly in semen, with rare but documented episodes of delayed transmission. The ongoing outbreak highlights the need for BDBV-specific studies to strengthen the evidence base underpinning public health recommendations.

Source: 

Link: https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(26)00574-6/fulltext

____

#Fact-finding #mission on #airport exit #screening - EU Health Task Force mission to #DRC and #Uganda, #Bundibugyo virus disease #outbreak 2026 (ECDC, summary)

 

Executive summary

    This report provides a snapshot of the infrastructure and procedures in place for exit screening in the main international airports of each capital city: N’djili International Airport in Kinshasa (DRC) and Entebbe International Airport in Kampala (Uganda). 

    Exit screening in these airports, including symptom checks and exposure assessment, can contribute to reducing the risk of onward transmission by identifying travellers who are symptomatic before they board, and preventing them travelling with symptoms. 

    It also helps dissuade people who are ill from travelling, and enhances public and stakeholder confidence in the public health response. 

    However, it cannot fully prevent the exportation of cases, as the absence of symptoms at departure does not exclude subsequent onset of disease upon or after arrival. 

    The mission team found that both countries have established coordinated exit screening systems, supported by strong political commitment and national leadership to prevent international transmission of Ebola disease. 

    These function alongside domestic containment efforts based on extensive experience of managing previous Ebola disease outbreaks. 

    In both countries, the mission team observed a high degree of transparency and willingness to engage with stakeholders through facilitating access to systems and operations. 

    The site visit at both airports demonstrated that the exit screening systems in place are in line with international standards and benefit from effective multi-sectoral collaboration, involving public health authorities, aviation actors, border services, security forces, and international partners. 

    Screening processes have clear referral and escalation pathways supported by trained medical personnel and infection, prevention and control (IPC) measures. 

    While the systems in place are functional, the mission identified opportunities for further targeted interventions, particularly in relation to passenger processing, digital integration, IPC measures and risk communication. 

    These findings have been communicated to the national authorities in both countries. 

    Regular training, supervision and monitoring over time by national teams and international partners will help to sustain and further improve practices.

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/fact-finding-mission-airport-exit-screening-eu-health-task-force-mission

____

Road to the Saint-Simeon Farm, Claude Monet (1864)

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

__

Public Domain.

Source: WikiArt, https://www.wikiart.org/

Link: https://www.wikiart.org/en/claude-monet/road-to-the-saint-simeon-farm

____

#Genetic and biological characterization of a #reassortant #H3N2 swine #influenza virus isolated in #China with internal genes from the 2009 pandemic #H1N1

 

Abstract

Swine influenza virus (SIV) not only causes significant losses to the pig industry but also poses a potential threat to human health due to its ability for cross-species transmission and zoonotic characteristics. In this study, 600 nasal swab samples were collected from pigs in Shandong Province and tested for SIV using RT-qPCR. One sample tested positive, and the virus was successfully isolated in 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Subtype-specific RT-PCR and sequencing identified the isolate as H3N2, designated A/swine/Shandong/116/2022 (H3N2). Whole-genome sequencing and similarity analysis showed that PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M genes were most similar to H1N1 viruses (97.71–99.67%), while HA, NA, and NS genes were closest to H3N2 viruses (96.06–97.85%), suggesting this isolate is a reassortant between H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M genes belong to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdm/09 H1N1) lineage, HA and NA genes belong to the human-like H3N2 (HL H3N2) lineage, and the NS gene belongs to the triple-reassortant (TR) H1N2 lineage. Key amino acid analysis showed a monobasic HA cleavage site (PEKQTR/G), consistent with low pathogenicity, and residues 190V, 226I, and 228S, which may affect receptor binding. PB2 residues 271A, 590S, and 591R may influence viral replication and host adaptation. Compared with the human influenza vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 (H3N2), several amino acid changes were found in HA antigenic sites A, B, C, and E, suggesting possible antigenic drift. In addition, clear differences were found in N-linked glycosylation sites between the isolate and vaccine strain, including loss of several glycosylation sites and the appearance of a new site at position 499, which may change virus antigenicity and immune recognition. Functional studies demonstrated that the isolate efficiently infected MDCK cells and replicated in the respiratory tissues of BALB/c mice, causing mild to moderate lung lesions without mortality or significant weight loss. In summary, the isolated is a multi-source reassortant virus with low pathogenicity, providing valuable insights into the genetic characteristics and epidemiology of H3N2 SIV circulating in pigs in China.

Source: 

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-026-05324-w

____

#Venezuela #earthquakes: International rescue teams join the search for #survivors as #death toll surpasses 1,400 (UN, June 28 '26)

 

    The death toll continues to rise, while a preliminary assessment estimates the direct physical damage caused by the disaster at $6.7 billion.

    At the request of the Venezuelan Government, 44 international urban search and rescue teams, known as USAR, have deployed 2,245 specialists and 140 search dogs to extract possible survivors from collapsed structures and provide initial medical care, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported on Saturday.

    OCHA has activated its emergency response mechanisms and is supporting the arrival and coordination of teams in the country.

    The rescuers come from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru and the Dominican Republic; as well as from Germany, Czechia, Spain, the United States, France, Italy, Jordan, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Qatar, the United Kingdom, Serbia, Syria, Switzerland and Türkiye.

    As of 27 June, authorities have confirmed that at least 1,430 people have died and another 3,238 have been injured following the devastating twin earthquakes that struck the north of the country on 24 June.

Damage equivalent to six per cent of GDP

    While rescue operations continue, a preliminary satellite assessment by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) estimates that the earthquakes caused direct physical damage of about $6.7 billion, equivalent to about six per cent of the country's gross domestic product.

    The estimate, calculated using the Rapid Digital Analysis tool known as RAPIDA, places the range of losses between $4.7 billion and $8.7 billion. This figure includes damage to homes and economic assets, but does not account for damage to infrastructure, disruption of economic activity, or long-term reconstruction costs.

    The earthquakes, of magnitudes 7.2 and 7.5, shook northern Venezuela and were felt in the capital Caracas and in the states of La Guaira, Carabobo, Miranda, Yaracuy and Aragua.

    According to UNDP , some 8.6 million people were exposed to moderate to severe shaking, including approximately 2.1 million who experienced the strongest tremors. The assessment also estimates that 1.7 million structures were located in the affected areas.

Possible power outages

    Satellite data also points to possible power outages in parts of Carabobo, La Guaira, Caracas and Aragua, after detecting a reduction in nighttime lighting following the earthquakes.

    “The speed and accuracy of initial assessments are essential for an effective response,” said Luis Francisco Thais, UNDP Resident Representative in Venezuela.

    “Tools like RAPIDA help us make faster, evidence-based decisions to support affected communities,” he added.

    The agency explained that it will continue to analyze higher-resolution satellite images to support authorities in assessing casualties, displacement, and recovery needs.

Source: 

Link: https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/06/1167825

____

#Pixavir Marboxil: First Approval

 

Abstract

Pixavir marboxil (Yilikang®; 壹立康®) is an oral cap-snatching endonuclease inhibitor being developed by TaiGen Biotechnology for the treatment of influenza virus infections. Pixavir marboxil recently received approval in China for the treatment of uncomplicated influenza A and B in previously healthy adults and adolescents aged ≥ 12 years. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of pixavir marboxil leading to this first approval for uncomplicated influenza A and B infections.

Source: 

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-026-02320-2

____

#Coronavirus Disease Research #References (AMEDEO, June 27 '26)

 

Antiviral Res

1. WANG W, Wang S, Meng X, Zhao Y, et al
   Corrigendum to "A virus-like particle candidate vaccine based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology elicits broad-spectrum protection against SARS-CoV-2" [Antivir. Res. 225 (2024) 105854].
   Antiviral Res. 2026 Jun 22:106465. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106465.
   PubMed        
   
   
2. ZHANG G, Deng F, Luo Y, Chen J, et al
   ITGA4 drives pathogenesis of flavivirus and inhibition of it protects mice against Japanese encephalitis virus infection.
   Antiviral Res. 2026;252:106471.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   BMJ

3. BONVOISIN T, Todsen AL, Perinpanathan T
   Deeper understanding of healthcare system "overwhelm" during covid-19 is essential for coherent pandemic strategy.
   BMJ. 2026;393:e100006.
   PubMed        
   
   

   
   Int J Infect Dis

4. ZHANG H, Xiang C, Mu Y, Gu X, et al
   Association of acute-phase corticosteroid use with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among hospitalized COVID-19 survivors:a 3-year follow-up study.
   Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 19:108903. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108903.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
5. VAN WEELDEN G, Rabie H, Redfern A, Barday MA, et al
   Evaluating Mucosal and Systemic Immunity in an Observational Cohort of South African Children Hospitalised with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.
   Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 20:108902. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108902.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
6. VAN BILSEN CJA, Wijnen SMCE, Pagen DME, Hoebe CJPA, et al
   Workforce exit and work productivity loss in adults with and without post-COVID-19 condition: the PRIME post-COVID cohort study.
   Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 23:108913. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108913.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
7. JUBAIR M, Begum MN, Samia NSN, Alam MS, et al
   Epidemiological and Genomic Surveillance of Influenza virus A, RSV B and SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh (2022-2024).
   Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 24:108910. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108910.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
8. ENA N, Garcia-Abellan J, Ledesma C, Fernandez-Gonzalez M, et al
   Low prevalence of bacterial coinfection at hospital admission in COVID-19 and the role of procalcitonin as a rule-out biomarker (Revised Version).
   Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 25:108925. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108925.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
9. QUEK AML, Ooi DSQ, Teng O, Foon CH, et al
   Adiposity shapes the immune architecture independent of antibody responses in mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
   Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 26:108932. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108932.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
10. WAKAMATSU K, Tananari Y, Nakamura K, Nakamura T, et al
    Oropharyngeal swabs show higher bacterial loads than nasopharyngeal swabs for PCR detection of pertussis: a multicenter prospective study.
    Int J Infect Dis. 2026 Jun 26:108937. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108937.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Med Virol

11. HELAL A, Aljehani ND, Ghazwani A, Alsulaiman RM, et al
    Broadly Protective Antibody-Like Vaccines Against Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses.
    J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71008.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
12. SILVA RMD, Soper MS, Neves JH, Maciel CEA, et al
    Association Between Inflammatory Markers, Comorbidities, and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Treated With Tocilizumab.
    J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71028.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
13. FOURIE E, van Leeuwen LM, Euser SM, Wildenbeest JG, et al
    Long-Term Dynamics of Pediatric Respiratory Pathogens Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From Nine Years of Surveillance in the Netherlands (2015-2023).
    J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71022.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
14. MOHI UD DIN MALIK M, Saraf A, Bhrushundi MP
    Comment on "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Persistent Post-COVID-19 Condition at 3, 6, 12, and 18 Months After Initial Infection Among Adults Living in a Community of Japan: Yao COVID-19 Study".
    J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71041.
    PubMed        
    
    
15. NABEYA D, Kinjo T, Nishiyama N, Kami W, et al
    Virus-Specific Impact of Respiratory Viruses on Adult Emergency Department Outcomes.
    J Med Virol. 2026;98:e71039.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    J Virol

16. BERMEJO-JAMBRINA M, Pauzuolis M, Kimpel J, Gerold G, et al
    Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.
    J Virol. 2026 Jun 23:e0205525. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02055.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    N Engl J Med

17. RUELLA M, Paruzzo L, Chong ER, Chong EA, et al
    Ten-Year Outcomes after CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Lymphomas.
    N Engl J Med. 2026;394:2440-2448.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Nature

18. LOCCI M, Pardi N
    Immunological mechanisms of mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases.
    Nature. 2026;654:892-901.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Radiol Artif Intell

19. SHU HJ, Chang ST, Gameiro RR, Gichoya JW, et al
    Impact of Exposure Parameters on Deep Learning Models in Chest Radiography and Implications for Deployment.
    Radiol Artif Intell. 2026 Jun 24:e250731. doi: 10.1148/ryai.250731.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    

#Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Research #References (AMEDEO, June 27 '26)

 

BMC Pediatr

1. LU Q, Yu D, Liang Y, Meng Q, et al
   Antimicrobial resistance of Group A Streptococcus isolates from patients in Shenzhen, China during COVID-19 pandemic.
   BMC Pediatr. 2026 Jan 9. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06448.
   PubMed        
   
   
2. DOKHAN-VURAL S, Kahlert CR, Roduit C, Heldt K, et al
   Health-related quality of life, glycaemic control, lifestyle characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in children with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a longitudinal, prospective single-centre Swiss study.
   BMC Pediatr. 2026 Jan 6. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06375.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
3. TIAN L, Hu X, Qin Y, Li L, et al
   Early prediction of severe RSV-associated ALRTI in Asian pediatric patients: a simple nomogram.
   BMC Pediatr. 2025;25:968.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
4. IBRAHIM HM, Kotby A, El-Ghoneimy DH, El Gendy YG, et al
   "Characteristics of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during different COVID-19 waves "Single centre Study".
   BMC Pediatr. 2025;25:988.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   
5. YANG M, Wang Y, Gao J, Yao C, et al
   Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination on pediatric febrile seizures: a retrospective cohort study.
   BMC Pediatr. 2025;25:929.
   PubMed        
   
   

   
   Cell

6. WACHARAPLUESADEE S, Saikruang W, Lytras S, Matsumoto K, et al
   Virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses dynamically circulating in Southeast Asia.
   Cell. 2026;189:4075-4093.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Drugs

7. KANG C
   Pixavir Marboxil: First Approval.
   Drugs. 2026;86:1141-1145.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   J Virol Methods

8. IKRAR T, Muchsin W, Sophian A
   Beyond strain-specific immunity: Conserved antigenic targets, emerging platforms, and translational challenges in universal influenza and pan-coronavirus vaccine development.
   J Virol Methods. 2026;345:115432.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   Pediatrics

9. ARCHER HI, Watson A, Liao LD, Jacobson KB, et al
   Concordance Between Maternal and Infant COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Status.
   Pediatrics. 2026 Jun 24:e2025075163. doi: 10.1542/peds.2025-075163.
   PubMed         Abstract available
   
   

   
   PLoS Comput Biol

10. DONG W, Yang Q, Xu L, Li X, et al
    TCRBinder: Unified pre-trained language model with paired-chain synergy for predicting T-cell receptor binding specificity.
    PLoS Comput Biol. 2026;22:e1014396.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS Med

11. GHISI GLM, Carson RP, Turk Adawi K, Ding R, et al
    Comparisons of core component delivery in cardiac rehabilitation programs by country income classification and decade based on the 2025 Global Audit Update: A survey study.
    PLoS Med. 2026;23:e1005151.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    PLoS One

12. ISHIGAKI Y, Fujita N, Kato T, Ochiai T, et al
    Airborne spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between rooms in a sealed, mechanically ventilated ward: Evidence from a hospital outbreak investigation.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0350608.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
13. MARTINS A, Bosco Santos MF, Nascimento J, da Silva Chui FM, et al
    Effectiveness of CoronaVac in a pioneer risk-based allocation clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0351566.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
14. CHEN YH, Lin CH, Liu JH, Lin HA, et al
    Effects of incentive spirometer training on dyspnea and functional status in patients with long COVID.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0351553.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
15. BETTIO F, Tavares FF, Ticci E
    Intimate partner violence during lockdown in Tuscany, Italy: Economic or confinement-related shocks?
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0349889.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
16. CHEN X, Gao J, Qin Q, Wang C, et al
    Will there be new trends in the public's attention to express services in the post-COVID-19 era?
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0348096.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
17. CHASCIAR V, Chasciar DR, Coman C, Gherhes V, et al
    Workplace changes, perceived difficulties and migration intentions among Romanian construction workers during the covid-19 pandemic.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0335155.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
18. KEITA NY, Onywera H, Abdou M, Dicko Z, et al
    A tale of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Mali: Variants introductions and transmission dynamics.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0352020.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
19. RAVINDRARAJAH R, Gittins M, Paterson L, Rogers G, et al
    Clinical and cost-effectiveness of the digital intervention, MyWay Diabetes, in people with type 2 diabetes living in Greater Manchester during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0349232.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
20. MAJEWSKA M, Mazdziarz MA, Lepiarczyk E, Lipka A, et al
    Severity-dependent metabolic rewiring in COVID-19 based on untargeted metabolomic profiling of patient plasma.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0352437.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
21. YU J, Bekerian DA, Khandelwal R
    Why do people comply with health guidelines in a competing information environment?
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0352421.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
22. YUMIYA Y, Itakura M, Shiroma N, Murayama H, et al
    Factors associated with the duration of telephone observation and consultation sessions provided by the Hiroshima Prefecture Follow-up Center in the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0352251.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
23. WILLIAMS SL, Beadle E, Williams P, Master H, et al
    A mixed-methods analysis of the implementation of a new community long-COVID service during the 2020 pandemic: Learning from practice.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0313367.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
24. FARIS N, Hamdar L, Tamim H, Makki M, et al
    Emergency department visits and disease patterns during and after the COVID-19 lockdown.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0352275.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
25. CHANG YS, Jones J, Hong SA, Chien LY, et al
    Factors associated with multiple births in the United Kingdom during COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0352340.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
26. BIACKOVA N, Laskov O, Adamova A, Piorecka V, et al
    Transcranial direct current stimulation in affecting neuropsychiatric symptoms of post-COVID syndrome: No change in microstates and functional connectivity.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0351407.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
27. LAMB D, Scott H, Carr E, Stevelink SAM, et al
    Mental health of healthcare workers in England during the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic: The NHS CHECK study cohort.
    PLoS One. 2026;21:e0350918.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

28. KIM T, Biswas A, Kandel S, Kuroda M, et al
    Extra gene coding capacity of SARS-CoV-2 provides a virus engineering platform for in vitro and in vivo applications.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2532920123.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Vaccine

29. MAGNUSSON AC, Lim S, Niemi C, Wolf N, et al
    Intranasal influenza vaccination using an outer membrane vesicle platform.
    Vaccine. 2026;89:128876.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
30. CHEN S, Fang Y, Yu FY, Ding L, et al
    Systematic review and meta-analysis of digital seasonal influenza vaccination promotion in people aged >/=50 ?years.
    Vaccine. 2026;88:128865.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
31. LEVATI E, Calvani R, Cacciatore S, Tosato M, et al
    Influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccination in Italy: Knowledge, uptake, and determinants across the adult life course.
    Vaccine. 2026;88:128853.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
32. COUTO MONIZ M, Luo S, Krokhin A, Egorov A, et al
    Purified gamma-irradiated influenza A vaccine demonstrates high immunogenicity and protection against a drifted H1N1 strain.
    Vaccine. 2026;88:128872.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
33. SHINJOH M, Furuichi M, Sugimoto R, Kawakami C, et al
    Effectiveness of inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccines in children during the 2025-2026 influenza season with genetically distinct influenza A and B viruses.
    Vaccine. 2026;88:128869.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    

    
    Virology

34. CHOWDHURY D, Vanderven HA, Wangchuk P, Sarker S, et al
    Mechanistic insights into flavonoid-mediated regulation of human influenza virus replication.
    Virology. 2026;623:111012.
    PubMed         Abstract available
    
    
35. HEREMIA L, Langsbury H, Treece J, Miller AK, et al
    Rapid GeneXpert surveillance of influenza A virus in seabirds and the environment provides early warning for wildlife health in Aotearoa New Zealand.
    Virology. 2026;623:111014.
    PubMed         Abstract available

Detection of #H5N1-Related #PB1 Sequences in a Low Pathogenic #H11N2 Virus from South #American Migratory #Shorebirds

 

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b have recently spread across the Americas, prompting intensified surveillance efforts in Brazil aimed at early detection in wild birds. As part of these efforts, we identified a low pathogenic avian influenza A(H11N2) virus in a white-rumped sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis) sampled at Lagoa do Peixe National Park (PNLP) in southern Brazil. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that seven of the eight gene segments shared high nucleotide similarity (approximately 98.8%) with viruses previously detected in shorebirds from Delaware Bay, North America. In contrast, the PB1 segment showed high nucleotide similarity (approximately 99%) to the PB1 lineage associated with clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) genotype B3.2 viruses circulating in the Americas. Phylogenetic, nucleotide identity, and molecular clock analyses indicated that this lineage shares a recent common ancestor with North American LPAI viruses and was subsequently detected in distinct viral genetic backgrounds. Although no HPAI virus was identified in this study, the presence of a PB1 segment related to H5N1-associated lineages suggests that genetic components linked to these viruses were circulating among low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in South America. These findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance in migratory bird populations to improve understanding of avian influenza virus diversity and support epidemiological monitoring.

Source: 

Link: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/18/7/710

____

The #NK Cell #Landscape in the Natural History of #Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in a Chilean Cohort

 

Abstract

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) caused by Andes Orthohantavirus (ANDV) carries case-fatality rates up to 40%; however, the innate immune determinants of disease severity remain poorly defined. Natural killer (NK) cells are central mediators of early antiviral immunity, but their landscape during the earliest phase of ANDV infection has not been characterized. Using multiparameter flow cytometry and unsupervised UMAP-based clustering in PBMCs from 13 HCPS patients stratified by severity and nine healthy donors, we show that severe HCPS is characterized by a coordinated disruption of the CD56dim NK cell compartment, encompassing reduced subset frequencies, specific reduction in the terminally differentiated NKG2C+CD57+ adaptive-like pool, and intrinsic impairment of IFN-γ production and degranulation, deficits that were absent in mild patients and persisted in part beyond clinical recovery. Furthermore, CD56dimCD16+ NK cell frequencies correlated negatively with viral load across all acute patients, independent of clinical severity. These findings establish severe HCPS not merely as a state of NK cell depletion, but as one of selective functional impairment of the most cytotoxically competent NK cell population during the critical early acute phase of ANDV infection.

Source: 

Link: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/18/7/712

____

Systemic #atopy and upper - #airway disease define susceptibility to incident #asthma after #COVID19 in #Korea

 

Abstract

Incident asthma is an important respiratory sequela after COVID-19, but it is unclear which allergic phenotypes amplify risk. Using a linked nationwide Korean database of 3,987,182 individuals with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, we compare claims-based incident asthma in those with pre-existing systemic atopy and/or upper-airway disease (allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis or food allergy) versus those without after 1:1 propensity score matching. During follow-up to 31 December 2022, participants with pre-existing disease have higher asthma incidence than matched controls (3.55 vs 2.13 per 1,000 person-years), with a hazard ratio of 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.58–1.75). Asthma risk is elevated for each condition and increases with greater disease burden. These findings show that pre-existing allergic and upper-airway phenotypes stratify post-COVID incident asthma risk on a national scale, supporting targeted surveillance in high-risk subgroups.

Source: 

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-74860-w

____

History of Mass Transportation: The Class 86 Diesel Shunter of Romania Railways

 

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

__

By Stefan Puscasu - http://cfr.stfp.net/?class=86&veh=23&all=Y&ppr=5, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8459449

Source: 

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_stock_of_the_Romanian_Railways#/media/File:Locomotiva_CFR_clasa_86.jpg

____

TAG-TP #statement on #immunomodulators and host-directed #therapies for #Bundibugyo virus disease (WHO, June 26 '26)

    In the context of prioritization of therapeutics to be included in clinical research for Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) the Technical Advisory Group on Therapeutics Prioritization (TAG-TP) has begun examining the landscape of immunomodulatory and host-directed new or repurposed agents. 

    Currently, there are no studies in patients characterizing the downstream pathogenesis that follows infection with Bundibugyo virus (BDBV). 

    The available evidence derives mainly from data collected with Ebola virus, specifically Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) that provides relevant information from animal models and patients, but not sufficient to allow a proper assessment for the selection of immunomodulatory and host-directed candidates for clinical trials in BVD. 

    In addition, it is noted that even corticosteroids have never been tested in a stringent filovirus animal model. 

    For other infectious diseases leading to sepsis or other severe disease evolutions, it is also noted that immunomodulators can be beneficial or detrimental depending on the timing of the administration.

    To allow for a proper scientific evaluation of the different potential interventions, the appropriate timing of administration and the appropriate patient selection for inclusion in large clinical trials, it is imperative to generate quality data on the natural history of BVD from people infected with BDBV. 

    This would likely need to occur at select clinical sites that are adequately equipped to collect and analyze samples from patients with BVD. 

    Suggested data for collection include immune makers associated with inflammation and innate/adaptive immunity, correlative viral load and clinical features, markers of coagulation perturbation and organ/tissue damage. 

    This will help identify biomarkers pertaining to a pro-inflammatory status with co-relation to clinical phenotypes and organ dysfunction.

    Only in this way will it be possible to identify and/or confirm potential pharmacological targets and related potential interventions. 

    Collecting further evidence is paramount to minimizing risks to participants in clinical trials, as, depending on individual patient phenotypes and the status of disease evolution, the administration of some immunomodulatory agents may result in detrimental effects (e.g. on viral replication).

    In addition, some of these clinical investigations may have to be tailored to specific immune phenotypes based on the pharmacological activity of the investigational candidate, but sophisticated biomarker testing should be avoided to ensure implementation of clinical trials at BDBV Treatment Units.

    Lastly, timely availability of data from animal models would also provide evidence to facilitate the identification of the most promising therapies for inclusion in clinical trials.

Source: 

Link: https://www.who.int/news/item/26-06-2026-tag-tp-statement-on-immunomodulators-and-host-directed-therapies-for-bundibugyo-virus-disease

____

#USA, #Wastewater Data for Avian #Influenza #H5 (US CDC, June 26 '26)

 

{Excerpt}

(...)

Time Period: June 14, 2026 - June 20, 2026

    -- A(H5) Detection: 4 site(s) (0.9%)

    -- No Detection:  455 site(s) (99.1%)

    -- No samples: 32 site(s)

{Click on Image to Enlarge}

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://www.cdc.gov/wastewater/emerging-viruses/h5.html?

____

Avian #influenza #overview March–May 2026 (ECDC, Summary, June 26 '26)

26 June 2026

Publication series: Avian influenza overview

    

    Between 28 February and 4 June 2026, 949 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (186) and wild (763) birds in 30 countries in Europe.

Abstract

    The downward trend in the number of detections observed at the end of the previous reporting period continued and is expected to persist throughout the summer. 

    While the number of HPAI A(H5N1) outbreaks in domestic birds remained at a low level, except in a few countries, A(H9N2) virus of clade G5.5 was detected in poultry in Europe for the first time. 

    Following the intense circulation of HPAI viruses in waterfowl in recent months, sporadic detections were reported in mammals, particularly in wild carnivores, including the detection of A(H5N5) virus in a polar bear and a walrus in Norway. 

    Outside Europe, the focus of HPAI virus detections shifted from North to South America, where a large number of outbreaks and mortality events in swans were reported. 

    Between 28 February and 4 June 2026, 19 cases of avian influenza virus infection were publicly reported in humans (including three fatal cases) in six countries and territories: Bangladesh (two cases with A(H5N1), one fatal), Cambodia (three cases with A(H5N1), one fatal), India (one case with A(H5N1)), Italy (one imported case with A(H9N2)), China (10 A(H9N2) cases and one fatal A(H5N6) case), and Taiwan (one A(H7N7) case). 

    Most human cases reported exposure to poultry or a poultry environment prior to detection or onset of illness. 

    Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no sustained human-to-human transmission has been documented. 

    The risk posed by avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses currently circulating in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.

Source: 

Link: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/avian-influenza-overview-march-may-2026

____

Surveillance for West NileVirus Infections in Humans in Europe, Weekly Report: Week 26, 2026 (ECDC, summary)

 

{Excerpt}

Epidemiological summary

    Since the beginning of 2026, and as of 24 June, two countries in Europe reported three human cases{1} of West Nile virus (WNV) infection: Italy (two cases) and North Macedonia (one case).

    The current report in Table 1 includes the number of probable and confirmed cases of WNV infections per NUTS3 region. However, these figures are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution as they may be revised by the countries as more information becomes available. For further details on case numbers, please refer to the joint monthly report, which offers a more detailed analysis.

    Please note: The table and map in this report contain countries and areas where human West Nile virus infection cases were reported to EpiPulse Cases.

(...)

#) Country

    ° Affected area*

        § Newly affected area**

            - Number of probable cases - Number of confirmed cases - Total cases 

1) Italy

    ° Caserta

        § No

            - 0 / 1 /1 

    ° Firenze

         § No

            - 0 / 1 /1 

2) North Macedonia

    ° Vardarski

        § No

            - 0 / 1 / 1

__

{*} An ‘affected area’ or ‘risk area’ is defined as ‘a risk area with ongoing transmission of WNV to humans’. This means that at least one autochthonous human case of WNV has been reported as a result of local transmission in the area according to the agreed, standardised and disease-specific case definition. In exceptional circumstances, a probable case can be used to determine transmission, however, this should only apply in specific and agreed situations when a case cannot be confirmed within a reasonable time.

{**} Compared to the previous weekly report.

(...)

Source: 

Link: https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/

____