ETIDIOH - NEW

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has become a critical threat to wildlife, shifting from a seasonal epizootic to a persistent, year-round panzootic with global consequences . Here, we summarize the origin, evolutionary mechanisms, and expanding host range of the current H5N1 virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) and assess its impact on wildlife . Over the past five years, HPAI has caused the deaths of millions of wild birds , causing dramatic population declines in several seabird species . However, comprehensive quantitative mortality data remain scarce, as existing records are often anecdotal, focus on localized mass die-offs, and thus represent only a fraction of the true magnitude of mortality. This gap in data limits the ability to predict outbreak dynamics and mitigate long-term consequences. Using the Northwestern European Sandwich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) population as a case study, we demonstrate the value of integrating mortality data with ecological, serological and...

Summary Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a respiratory pathogen identified in 2001, is a substantial cause of community-acquired respiratory infections across all age groups. This Review explores the impact of hMPV after the COVID-19 pandemic , emphasising its resurgence as a public health concern . Epidemiological shifts, as well as unusual seasonal patterns , increased co-infection rates, and altered age distributions, have been observed globally. Phylogenetic analysis has shown the variation across three distinct periods , especially before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of genotypic distribution. Clinical manifestations of hMPV infection range from asymptomatic to severe lower respiratory tract infections , particularly in vulnerable populations. Specific antivirals or vaccines are currently unavailable; consequently, treatment remains supportive. The development of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines leveraging cross-protective strategies against hMPV and related viruses is...

Abstract Since the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in U.S. dairy cattle in early 2024, the virus has spread rapidly, posing a major public health concern as the number of human cases continues to rise. Although human-to-human transmission has not been confirmed, experimental data suggest that the bovine H5N1 virus can transmit via respiratory droplets in ferrets , highlighting its pandemic potential . With no vaccines currently available, antiviral drugs remain the only treatment option. Here, we investigate the efficacy of the polymerase inhibitor baloxavir marboxil (BXM) against this virus in mice. We find that early treatment post-infection is effective, but delayed treatment significantly reduces BXM efficacy and increases the risk of BXM resistance, underscoring the importance of timely BXM administration for effective treatment. Source: Nature Communications,  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-60791-5 ____

Highlights •  Outbreaks of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in South America have challenged animal and public health. •  Outbreaks across South America affect poultry industry and wild species. •  Surveillance strategies with One Health approach for avian flu is needed Abstract The outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in South America , which began in 2022, have had significant repercussions across the continent and have led to significant challenges in animal and public health . This review explores the virus's transmission across South America, highlighting the spread of this panzootic through migratory birds and its severe impact on the poultry industry and various wild species , including mammals . The underreporting of influenza cases in poultry underscores the need for enhanced national regulations and strategies to promote reporting within the productive sector. Additionally, the review emphasizes the necessity for active case finding and geno...

  PHNOM PENH, June 21 (Xinhua) -- A 52-year-old man from southeastern Cambodia's Svay Rieng province had died of H5N1 human avian influenza , becoming the fifth human death from the virus so far this year , the Ministry of Health said in a press statement on Saturday. "A laboratory result from the National Institute of Public Health showed on June 20 that the man was positive for H5N1 virus ," the statement said. Health authorities are looking into the source of the infection and are examining any suspected cases or people who have been in contact with the victim in order to prevent an outbreak in the community, it added. Tamiflu (oseltamivir), an antiviral drug to prevent the bird flu from spreading, was also given out to people who had direct contact with the patient, the statement said. The Southeast Asian country recorded a total of six human cases of H5N1 so far this year, with five deaths. Source: Xinhua,  https://english.news.cn/asiapacific/20250621/e94aafa92dbc446...

  A centrifuge manufacturing workshop has been hit in Esfahan, the third such facility that has been targeted in Israel’s attacks on Iran’s nuclear-related sites over the past week, Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said today, citing information available to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The workshop – which made the machines used to enrich uranium – was previously under IAEA monitoring and verification as part of the Joint  Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), including with installed Agency cameras. “We know this facility well . There was no nuclear material at this site and therefore the attack on it will have no radiological consequences,” Director General Grossi said. It came a few days after the IAEA on 18 June reported that the Tehran Research Center , where advanced centrifuge rotors were manufactured and tested, had been hit, as had a workshop in the city of Karaj where different centrifuge components were manufactured. There was no radiologica...

  Di Bernhard Studer - Opera propria, Pubblico dominio,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18132189 Source: Wikipedia,  https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram_ATAC:_motrici_Stanga ____

  Am J Obstet Gynecol KOENIG LR, Raymond EG, Upadhyay UD, Frye LJ, et al Effectiveness and safety of medication abortion with vs. without screening ultrasonography or pelvic exam. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2025 Jun 11:S0002-9378(25)00387. PubMed           Abstract available J Med Virol YIN L, He H, Zhang H, Shang Y, et al Revolution of AAV in Drug Discovery: From Delivery System to Clinical Application. J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70447. PubMed           Abstract available TANG X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Ding T, et al Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Characteristics of the Rhesus Macaque Lung Infected With Original SARS-CoV-2, Delta, and Omicron Variants. J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70446. PubMed           Abstract available WU F, Zhang Z, Lun Q, Hong X, et al Papain-Like Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Induces Intestinal Inflammation via the ISG15 Pathway: Identification of Natural Compound Inhibi...

  Ann Intern Med BILINSKI A, Emanuel N, Ciaranello A Sins of Omission: Model-Based Estimates of the Health Effects of Excluding Pregnant Participants From Randomized Controlled Trials. Ann Intern Med. 2025 Apr 29. doi: 10.7326/ANNALS-24-00689. PubMed           Abstract available YEK C, Mancera AG, Diao G, Walker M, et al Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Antibiotic Resistant Infection Burden in U.S. Hospitals : Retrospective Cohort Study of Trends and Risk Factors. Ann Intern Med. 2025 Apr 29. doi: 10.7326/ANNALS-24-03078. PubMed           Abstract available Cell PEKAR JE, Lytras S, Ghafari M, Magee AF, et al The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Cell. 2025;188:3167-3183. PubMed           Abstract available Drug Saf ABATE A, Poncato E, Barbieri MA, Powell G, et al Off-the-Shelf Large Language Models for Caus...

Abstract Although influenza A viruses (IAV) are notorious respiratory pathogens, some IAV strains can reach and replicate in the central nervous system (CNS) in vivo. In particular, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) pose a threat for future pandemics and are linked to greater neurotropic potential . Moreover, neurotropic IAV strains have shown a more significant impact on the onset and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). However, despite its clinical relevance , the dynamics and cellular tropism of IAV infection in the CNS are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the replication of HPAIV H7N7 in vitro using a primary murine triple co-culture system comprising neurons, astrocytes, and microglia . We found that microglia become highly infected early on and induce a strong pro-inflammatory response before undergoing apoptosis . Using fluorescence microscopy with automated single-cell profiling, we found that, in contrast to non-neurotropic H3N2, th...