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Abstract The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) H5 clade 2.3.4.4b has caused severe outbreaks in domestic and wild birds worldwide since its emergence in 2014, and especially since 2020, with outbreaks in Europe and North America . The introduction of the virus into South America was reported for the first time in Colombia in October 2022, followed by outbreaks in other South American countries affecting poultry, wild birds, mammals , and humans . In this study, a phylogenetic and mutation analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of HPAIV H5N1 2.3.4.4b viruses isolated in South America was performed to analyze its evolution and its transmission and zoonotic potential . The analysis shows an increase in the viral effective population size between April and June 2022, which was followed by multiple outbreaks of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in South America . Moreover, the virus variants evolved from a recent common ancestor estimated to have existed in June 2017. The mean rate o...

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  Antiviral Res HUSSAIN S, Meijer A, Govorkova EA, Dapat C, et al Global update on the susceptibilities of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2020-2023. Antiviral Res. 2025 Jun 24:106217. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106217. PubMed           Abstract available Clin Infect Dis HARUN MGD, Sumon SA, Anwar MMU, Mohona TM, et al Infection Prevention and Control Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Workers in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh During Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Survey. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Jun 25:ciaf246. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available DUONG KS, Henry SS, Duong TQ SARS-CoV-2 infection increases long-term risk of pneumonia in an urban population: an observational cohort study up to 46 months post-infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Jun 25:ciaf345. doi: 10.1093. PubMe...

  Antimicrob Agents Chemother MENG X, Zhang C, Wang X, Shi J, et al A branched peptide targets virus and host to block influenza virus and rhinovirus entry. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Jun 25:e0002425. doi: 10.1128/aac.00024. PubMed           Abstract available Antiviral Res HUSSAIN S, Meijer A, Govorkova EA, Dapat C, et al Global update on the susceptibilities of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2020-2023. Antiviral Res. 2025 Jun 24:106217. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106217. PubMed           Abstract available Biochemistry PANKRATOVA Y, Hong M Side Chain Structures of the Proton-Selective Histidine and Gating Tryptophan in Influenza BM2 Reveal Both Conservation and Variation of the Proton Conduction Mechanism. Biochemistry. 2025 Jun 24. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00242. PubMed          ...

  Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses subtype H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1), subclade 2.3.4.4b infect multiple avian and mammalian species , posing a potential pandemic risk . Here we describe the outcomes of infection of ferrets with a HPAIV H5N1 virus, isolated from a European grey seal in 2023, compared with an older HPAIV H5N1 (A/Indonesia/05/2005). Overall, infection of ferrets with A/grey seal/Netherlands/302603/2023 caused more rapid mortality than infection of ferrets with A/Indonesia/05/2005. Animals developed severe pneumonia and irreversible hypothermia , associated with high levels of virus replication and histopathological changes in the respiratory tract and peripheral organs. As animal models for severe avian influenza virus infections in humans play a key role in the development of intervention strategies against these infections, these findings highlight the importance of using updated ferret models based on circulating virus strains. Source: Journal of Infect...