ETIDIOH - NEW

Summary Background mRNA-1283 is an investigational, next-generation COVID-19 vaccine that encodes only the immunodominant regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein —the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain rather than the full-length spike used in currently authorised mRNA vaccines. We evaluated the relative vaccine efficacy (rVE), immunogenicity, and safety of mRNA-1283 compared to the first-generation vaccine (mRNA-1273). Methods This randomised, observer-masked, active-controlled, phase 3 trial (NextCOVE) was conducted in individuals (aged ≥12 years) with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 90 days of screening in the USA, the UK, and Canada. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one 10 μg dose of the bivalent formulation of mRNA-1283 (original plus omicron BA.4/BA.5) or 50 μg of the bivalent mRNA-1273, encoding the same variants. Randomisation was stratified by age (12–17 years, 18–64 years, and ≥65 years). Primary objectives comparin...

Abstract Collection of systemic tissues from influenza A virus (IAV)-infected ferrets at a fixed timepoint post-inoculation represents a frequent component of risk assessment activities to assess the capacity of IAV to replicate systemically. However, few studies have evaluated how the frequency and magnitude of IAV replication at discrete tissues contribute to within-host phenotypic outcomes, limiting our ability to fully contextualize results from scheduled necropsy into risk assessment settings. Employing aggregated data from ferrets inoculated with > 100 unique IAV ( both human- and avian-origin viruses, spanning H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, and H9 subtypes ), we examined relationships between infectious virus detection in four discrete tissue types ( nasal turbinate, lung, brain, and olfactory bulb [BnOB]) to clinical outcomes of IAV-inoculated ferrets, and the utility of including these discrete tissue data as features in machine learning (ML) models. We found that addition of viral ti...

Abstract Panzootic spillover of H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has resulted in expanded host range among placental mammals , with lactation transmission via milk documented. Whether infection during pregnancy leads to in utero or lactational vertical transmission remains unknown. Pregnant outbred mice were infected with A/bovine/Ohio/B24OSU-472/2024 during the second or third trimester equivalent. Second trimester infection caused in utero infection , with infectious virus detected in the uterus, placenta, and fetus . Birth following third trimester infection resulted in offspring with decreased size and neurodevelopmental delays , with infectious virus detected in the neonatal milk ring and lungs as well as mammary tissues . Ongoing H5N1 infections present increased risk for human exposure and an H5N1 vertical transmission model in placental mammals is essential for understanding viral spread and evaluating treatments during pregnancy. Source: BioRxIV,  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/...