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#Recommendations for the #surveillance of #influenza A(#H5N1) in #cattle

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By G.M.

Summary 

Beyond domestic poultry, influenza A(H5N1) of clade 2.3.4.4b has spread to almost all regions, infecting a wide range of wild birds, marine and terrestrial mammals, and recently, cattle in the United States of America. When an influenza virus is circulating in both avian and mammalian populations, the likelihood of spillover to humans and risk to public health may increase. The reported events of the influenza A(H5N1) virus among terrestrial and marine mammals in several countries, including the recent cases detected in the United States of America, have made it necessary to improve virus detection in cattle and other susceptible mammals and closely monitor virus evolution and adaptation to extraordinary hosts. These recommendations aim to support countries in planning surveillance for influenza A(H5N1) in cattle to enhance early detection, to generate evidence-based information to mitigate the impacts of spillover from birds to cattle, and to prevent transmission between cattle herds. Additionally, these recommendations aim to assist countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, in optimizing the use of limited resources to achieve their surveillance objectives through leveraging existing surveillance programmes. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommends that all countries maintain passive surveillance for A(H5N1) to rapidly detect spillover events in non-avian species, using an appropriate case definition alongside education and outreach to relevant stakeholders to improve awareness of this emerging disease. Additionally, countries may choose to use other surveillance approaches to leverage routine and opportunistic sampling to evaluate the health of cattle populations. Event-based surveillance may also be a helpful tool in early detection. For at-risk countries,1 targeted or risk-based surveillance approaches can be used to more closely assess cattle health at the interface with poultry or wild birds, investigate suspected outbreaks in cattle, and demonstrate freedom from infection. These recommendations have a broad application to other susceptible farmed mammals.

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Source: FAO, https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/4c29fcb1-67e2-4a37-a780-cb4fe0c9f253

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